PaperBLAST
PaperBLAST Hits for sp|Q9I3H5|BVMO_PSEAE Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase OS=Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) OX=208964 GN=PA1538 PE=1 SV=1 (527 a.a., MYTPANNHNR...)
Show query sequence
>sp|Q9I3H5|BVMO_PSEAE Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase OS=Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) OX=208964 GN=PA1538 PE=1 SV=1
MYTPANNHNRSLAMSTQPTPAAARHCKVAIIGTGFSGLGMAIRLRQEGEDDFLIFEKDAG
VGGTWRVNNYPGCACDVQSHVYSFSFEANPEWTRMFARQPEIRAYLEKCWEKYRLQEKTL
LNTEIGKLAWDERQSLWHLHDAQGNHYTANAVVSGMGGLSTPAYPRLDGLENFQGKVFHS
QQWDHDYDLKGKRVAVIGTGASAIQFVPEIQPLVAALDLYQRTPPWILPKPDRAISETER
RRFRRFPLVQKLWRGGLYSLLEGRVLGFTFAPQVMKLVQRLAIRHIHKQIKDPELRRKVT
PDYTIGCKRILMSHNYYPALAAANSTVITEGIRAVTANGIVDGNGREREVDAIIFGTGFT
ANDPIPRGVVFGRDGRDLLDSWSKGPEAYKGTTTAGFPNLFFLMGPNTGLGHNSMVYMIE
SQIAYVLDALKLMKRRELLSLEVKAPVQERYNEYLQRKLDRSVWSVGGCKSWYLHPVSGR
NCTLWPGFTWRFRALTRQFDASAYHLTTTPLAALSNEARQQAEGVPA
Running BLASTp...
Found 250 similar proteins in the literature:
BVMO_PSEAE / Q9I3H5 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.- from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) (see paper)
PA1538 probable flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
100% identity, 100% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH and/or NADH as an electron donor. Thus, can convert bicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-en-6-one into the oxidative lactone products 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct- 6-en-3-one and 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one. Is also able to catalyze the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide (thioanisole).
cofactor: FAD - The Repressor C Protein, Pf4r, Controls Superinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by the Pf4 Filamentous Phage and Regulates Host Gene Expression
Ismail, Viruses 2021 - “...PA1477 ccmC peak_9 3.58171 33.07233 GCAGGGCAATAGCTTCCGCAT + - 10.90 coding region heme exporter protein CcmC PA1538 PA1538 peak_10 2.33997 11.48559 CCAGGGCAACCATTACACCGC - - 10.72 coding region probable flavin-containing monooxygenase PA1806 fabI peak_11 2.28219 10.71977 GCAGGGCAAGTACAACCTCAC - 206 9.79 coding region NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase PA2035 PA2035 peak_12...”
- Films of Bacteria at Interfaces (FBI): Remodeling of Fluid Interfaces by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Niepa, Scientific reports 2017 - “...Upregulated PA4682 hypothetical protein Hypothetical, unclassified, unknown 18.4 PA0830 hypothetical protein Hypothetical, unclassified, unknown 16.9 PA1538 probable flavin-containing monooxygenase Putative enzymes 16.1 PA3427 probable short-chain dehydrogenases Putative enzymes 15.6 PA2550 probable acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Putative enzymes 14.4 alkB2 alkane-1-monooxygenase 2 Carbon compound catabolism 11.3 PA1542 hypothetical protein...”
- “...interest are 10 genes encoding for putative enzymes that are upregulated, including 6 genes ( PA1538, PA3427, PA2550, PA3277, PA1648, PA0840 ) induced 6- to 18-fold. Among these upregulated genes, PA1538 is induced 16-fold and encodes a probable flavin-containing monooxygenase that may play a role in...”
PA14_44560 putative flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14
100% identity, 100% coverage
H16_A3740 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Cupriavidus necator H16
59% identity, 94% coverage
- Stable Platform for Mevalonate Bioproduction from CO2
Garavaglia, ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2024 - “...araC- P BAD - mvaES_ T500 operon in the intergenic region between genes H16_A3739 and H16_A3740, primer pairs composed of 1 primer annealing outside of the homology arms and 1 primer annealing within the araC- P BAD - mvaES_ T500 DNA sequence were used. These were...”
- “...site was identified at the level of the intergenic region located between genes H16_A3739 and H16_A3740, encoding an AraC family transcriptional regulator and a 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase, respectively. This location was chosen also because of its proximity (7 kb) to the chromosome 1 origin of replication, which...”
BCAM1814 putative flavin-binding monooxygenase from Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315
59% identity, 90% coverage
- NtrC-dependent control of exopolysaccharide synthesis and motility in Burkholderia cenocepacia H111
Liu, PloS one 2017 - “...ABC transporter, nitrate-binding protein -4.2 I35_5646 BCAM1771 Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppB -3.2 I35_5693 BCAM1814 Cyclohexanone monooxygenase -2.8 I35_7283 BCAS0269 Urea carboxylase-related ABC transporter, periplasmic protein na(m) Lipid metabolism I35_4672 BCAM0774 Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate depolymerase -6.6 Nucleotide metabolism and transport I35_0495 BCAL3380 Allantoicase -3.5 I35_0689 BCAL3172 Xanthine...”
- Genome-wide transcription start site profiling in biofilm-grown Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315
Sass, BMC genomics 2015 - “...1419396..1420382 1419438 TTG ATG shorter 1967577 + BCAM1756 1967535..1969922 1967598 GTG ATG shorter 2032438 + BCAM1814 2032438..2034045 2032462 ATG ATG shorter 2291422 - BCAM2058 Complement (2290470..2291126) 2291303 TTG ATG longer 2291441 + BCAM2059 2291632..2292495 2291587 ATG ATG longer 2300468 + BCAM2066 2300462..2301877 2300489 ATG ATG shorter...”
I35_5693 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Burkholderia cenocepacia H111
59% identity, 92% coverage
- NtrC-dependent control of exopolysaccharide synthesis and motility in Burkholderia cenocepacia H111
Liu, PloS one 2017 - “...Nitrate ABC transporter, nitrate-binding protein -4.2 I35_5646 BCAM1771 Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppB -3.2 I35_5693 BCAM1814 Cyclohexanone monooxygenase -2.8 I35_7283 BCAS0269 Urea carboxylase-related ABC transporter, periplasmic protein na(m) Lipid metabolism I35_4672 BCAM0774 Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate depolymerase -6.6 Nucleotide metabolism and transport I35_0495 BCAL3380 Allantoicase -3.5 I35_0689 BCAL3172...”
WSS_RS02950 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus opacus M213
51% identity, 93% coverage
ACX60_RS12735 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii
50% identity, 93% coverage
WSS_RS26615 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus opacus M213
51% identity, 91% coverage
BVMO2_STRCO / Q9RKB5 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.- from Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145) (see paper)
SCO3172 monooxygenase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
49% identity, 95% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH and/or NADH as an electron donor. Thus, can convert bicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-en-6-one into the oxidative lactone products 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct- 6-en-3-one and 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one. Is also able to catalyze the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide (thioanisole).
cofactor: FAD - Enantioselective sulfoxidation using Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.0
Salama, RSC advances 2020 - “...in the genome of S. glaucescens GLA.0, we used the sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor BVMO Q9RKB5 to do a BLAST search. The BLAST search retrieved one putative BVMO in the genome of S. glaucescens . 4143 The putative sequence Uniprot Accession number is A0A089YZ45 (Fig. S1...”
- “...it possesses 86% sequence identity with a BVMO from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (UniProt Accession No. Q9RKB5). From BVMOs with known structures, it displays the highest sequence identity with steroid monooxygenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous , another actinobacterium. Notably, BVMOs are well recognized as one of the enzymes...”
- Comparative genomics of Streptomyces avermitilis, Streptomyces cattleya, Streptomyces maritimus and Kitasatospora aureofaciens using a Streptomyces coelicolor microarray system
Hsiao, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008 - “...oxygenase SCO2700 Tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase) SCO2701 Tyrosinase cofactor SCO2783 Monooxygenase SCO2798 Cellobiose hydrolase SCO2838 Endoglucanase SCO3172 Monooxygenase SCO3236 Oxygenase SCO4416 Monooxygenase SCO4870 Monooxygenase SCO5033 Hydrogen peroxide sensing regulator SCO5293 Oxygenase SCO5390 Alkanal monoxygenase SCO5773 Monooxygenase SCO6545 Cellulase SCO7223 Monooxygenase SCO7637 Endoglucanase Note that the oxygeneases included...”
PA2097 probable flavin-binding monooxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
50% identity, 94% coverage
PA14_37380 putative flavin-binding monooxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14
50% identity, 94% coverage
ABO_2107 monooxygenase, putative from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
49% identity, 92% coverage
JTY_RS15805 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis BCG str. Tokyo 172
O53294 Monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain CDC 1551 / Oshkosh)
Rv3049c PROBABLE MONOOXYGENASE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
47% identity, 94% coverage
- The prominent alteration in transcriptome and metabolome of Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Tokyo 172 induced by vitamin B1
Song, BMC microbiology 2019 - “...( Rv0986 ), JTY_RS07460 ( Rv1405c ), JTY_RS10910 ( Rv2108 ), JTY_RS12600 ( Rv2428 ), JTY_RS15805 ( Rv3049c ), JTY_RS18025 ( Rv3445c ) and JTY_RS20155 ( Rv3862c ). b The fold-changes of downregulated genes following V B1 treatment. The genes listed on the X-axis are JTY_RS00455...”
- “...folds, respectively. On the contrary, the genes JTY_RS12600 ( Rv2428 ), JTY_RS07460 ( Rv1405c ), JTY_RS15805 ( Rv3049c ), JTY_RS20155 ( Rv3862c ), JTY_RS02300 ( Rv0440 ), JTY_RS10910 ( Rv2108 ), JTY_RS01000 ( Rv0186A ), JTY_RS05235 ( Rv0986 ), JTY_RS18025 ( Rv3445c ), JTY_RS00695 ( Rv0129c...”
- Using biological networks to improve our understanding of infectious diseases
Mulder, Computational and structural biotechnology journal 2014 - “...DNA-templated 8 IDA, InterPro P71971 GO:0006979 Response to oxidative stress 3 IMP, InterPro Molecular function O53294 GO:0004497 Monooxygenase activity 3 IDA, UniProt, IEA UniProt P0CF99 GO:0043750 Phosphatidylinositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity 5 IDA, UniProt P96291 GO:0016747 Transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups 4 IDA, InterPro...”
- Identification of gene targets that potentiate the action of rifampicin on <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG
Chand, Microbiology (Reading, England) 2024 - “...P value BCG_1782 pknE Rv1743 Putative transmembrane serine/threonine-protein kinase E. Signal transduction 2.69 <0.001 BCG_3073c Rv3049c Putative monooxygenase 2.11 <0.001 BCG_1456 Rv1395 Transcriptional regulatory protein for Cyp132 2.04 <0.001 BCG_3328c atsB Rv3299c Putative arylsulfatase 2.01 <0.001 BCG_0021 cwlM Rv3915 Peptidoglycan synthesis regulator 1.85 <0.001 BCG_3797 thrE...”
- Emergence of Canonical and Noncanonical Genomic Variants following In Vitro Exposure of Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains to Bedaquiline or Clofazimine
Ismail, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2023 (secret) - Clinically relevant mutations in the PhoR sensor kinase of host-adapted <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> isolates impact response to acidic pH and virulence
Belardinelli, Microbiology spectrum 2023 - “...Putative oxidoreductase 1.88 MAB_3919 c Putative short chain dehydrogenase/reductase 2.00 MAB_3920 c Probable monooxygenase 2.35 Rv3049c MAB_3921 c Diiron oxygenase 1.94 MAB_3922 c Diiron oxygenase 2.63 MAB_3923 Hypothetical protein 2.15 MAB_4071 Hypothetical protein 1.01 MAB_4303 Glycoside hydrolase family 27 protein 1.03 MAB_4399 c* Hypothetical protein 1.65...”
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Requires the Outer Membrane Lipid Phthiocerol Dimycocerosate for Starvation-Induced Antibiotic Tolerance
Block, mSystems 2023 - “...0.628 (0.12) 3273492 Erdman_3223 fadD28 PDIM synthesis 1.29 (0.009) 2.41 (0.004) 0.81 (0.022) 3395716 Erdman_3338 rv3049c Monooxygenase 1.27 (0.009) 2.01 (0.005) 0.76 (0.03) 3397057 Erdman_3338 rv3049c Monooxygenase 1.57 (0.008) 2.17 (0.005) 0.96 (0.006) 4320034 Erdman_4236 espM Transcriptional regulator of ESX-1 1.81 (0.009) 2.92 (0.002) 2.85 (0.0006)...”
- Omics analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates uncovers Rv3094c, an ethionamide metabolism-associated gene
Wan, Communications biology 2023 - “...seven-helix bundle structure (Fig. 5b, c ). The lack of a Rossmann fold suggests that Rv3049c can utilize either FAD or FMN, explaining the presence of FMN rather than FAD in the crystal structure obtained. Fig. 5 Structure of the Rv3094c-FMN-ETH complex. a Ribbon diagram of...”
- Drug Degradation Caused by mce3R Mutations Confers Contezolid (MRX-I) Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pi, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2022 (secret) - Drug degradation caused by mce3R mutations confers contezolid (MRX-I) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pi, 2022 - Bioinformatic Mining and Structure-Activity Profiling of Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tomas, mSphere 2022 - “...assessment, are the previously characterized BVMOs EthA and MymA, plus additional Rv1393c, Rv0565c, Rv0892, and Rv3049c candidates ( Fig.1B ). Interestingly, EthA is the most largely conserved BVMO in the set of selected actinobacteria, with its presence in all genomes that contain BVMOs, and especially in...”
- “...susceptibility to ethionamide (ETH) and its analog prothionamide (PTH) ( 6 ). Rv0892, Rv1393c, and Rv3049c are annotated in UniProt as probable monooxygenases. Accordingly, the phylogenetic tree highlights that EthA, MymA, and Rv0565c cluster on the same branch, while Rv0892 is located separately, on another clade,...”
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C6V83_07450 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Gordonia iterans
47% identity, 92% coverage
WSS_RS18265 DUF4873 domain-containing protein from Rhodococcus opacus M213
46% identity, 84% coverage
MAV_3915 flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO from Mycobacterium avium 104
47% identity, 91% coverage
MAVA5_17170 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis A5
47% identity, 91% coverage
A0QR91 Monooxygenase from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155)
MSMEG_1030 monooxygenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155
MSMEG_2310 monooxygenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155
MSMEG_1030, MSMEG_2310 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MC2 155
46% identity, 93% coverage
- Interactome Analysis Identifies MSMEI_3879 as a Substrate of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ClpC1
Ogbonna, Microbiology spectrum 2023 - “...reductase 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.22 A0R696 MSMEG_6471, MSMEI_6299 Glycine/ d -amino acid oxidase 0.05 0.01 A0QR91 MSMEG_1030, MSMEG_2310 Monooxygenase 0.12 0.09 A0R4Q0 gabD2 , MSMEG_5912, MSMEI_5752 Putative succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 0.01 0 A0R730 glpD2 , MSMEG_6761, MSMEI_6578 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.3) 0.09 0.11 A0R226 MSMEG_4962, MSMEI_4836 RemO...”
- The Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation on the Protein Profile of Dormant Mycolicibacterium smegmatis Containing Endogenous Porphyrins
Shashin, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...synthase F1-F0 remained stable ( Table 1 and Table S1 ). Two oxidoreductases (NAD(P)/FAD-dependent oxidoreductase/ MSMEG_1030 (5 min) and quinone oxidoreductase/ MSMEG_3106, which catalyze the one electron reduction of certain quinones (15 min), were sensitive to illumination. F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/ MSMEG_0777 (fgd), which catalyzes the oxidation...”
- “...Product Time of Illuminations 0 min 5 min 15 min MSMEG_0777 F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase + MSMEG_1030 (NAD(P)/FAD-dependent oxidoreductase + MSMEG_3106 quinone oxidoreductase + + MSMEG_3232 cytochrome D ubiquinol oxidase subunit II + + + MSMEG_3233 cytochrome D ubiquinol oxidase subunit I + MSMEG_4645 alpha oxoglutarate ferredoxin...”
- Interactome Analysis Identifies MSMEI_3879 as a Substrate of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ClpC1
Ogbonna, Microbiology spectrum 2023 - “...0.25 0.25 0.25 0.22 A0R696 MSMEG_6471, MSMEI_6299 Glycine/ d -amino acid oxidase 0.05 0.01 A0QR91 MSMEG_1030, MSMEG_2310 Monooxygenase 0.12 0.09 A0R4Q0 gabD2 , MSMEG_5912, MSMEI_5752 Putative succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 0.01 0 A0R730 glpD2 , MSMEG_6761, MSMEI_6578 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.3) 0.09 0.11 A0R226 MSMEG_4962, MSMEI_4836 RemO protein...”
- Association of Mycobacterium Proteins with Lipid Droplets
Armstrong, Journal of bacteriology 2018 - “...label-free quantification Gene MSMEG_0919 MSMEG_2695 MSMEG_6282 MSMEG_1030 MSMEG_5048 fadA2 MSMEG_6049 fabG groL1 MSMEG_1077 rpsC MSMEG_0098 MSMEG_4188 hup...”
- Interactome Analysis Identifies MSMEI_3879 as a Substrate of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ClpC1
Ogbonna, Microbiology spectrum 2023 - “...0.25 0.25 0.22 A0R696 MSMEG_6471, MSMEI_6299 Glycine/ d -amino acid oxidase 0.05 0.01 A0QR91 MSMEG_1030, MSMEG_2310 Monooxygenase 0.12 0.09 A0R4Q0 gabD2 , MSMEG_5912, MSMEI_5752 Putative succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 0.01 0 A0R730 glpD2 , MSMEG_6761, MSMEI_6578 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.3) 0.09 0.11 A0R226 MSMEG_4962, MSMEI_4836 RemO protein 0.02...”
ABUW_2237 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii
43% identity, 92% coverage
A1S_1123 putative flavin-binding monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
49% identity, 83% coverage
- Transcriptome profiling in imipenem-selected Acinetobacter baumannii
Chang, BMC genomics 2014 - “...Putative 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic transporter MhpT Lipase A1S_1121 4.63 2.24 Lipase/esterase A1S_1122 3.36 0.67 Putative short-chain dehydrogenase A1S_1123 2.77 0.59 Putative flavin-binding monooxygenase Bacterial secretion system, OOP family A1S_1272 -3.30 -3.31 Putative transcriptional regulator A1S_1296 -3.49 -3.45 Hypothetical protein A1S_1296 A1S_129 -2.42 -2.77 Hypothetical protein A1S_1297 A1S_1305 -2.59...”
Reut_C6279 Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134
43% identity, 92% coverage
A1S_1577 putative flavin-binding monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
43% identity, 89% coverage
- Molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced pathogenesis revealed by RNA-sequencing
Camarena, PLoS pathogens 2010 - “...kinase A1S_0704 2.3 0.095 Hypothetical protein pfam 09981: DUF2218 A1S_2148 3.4 0.105 Acetyl-CoA synthetase, COG0365 A1S_1577 23 0.066 flavoprotein involved in K+ transport COG2072 A1S_3301 4.1 0.107 Predicted membrane protein, COG3162 2.1 A1S_2710 2.5 0.076 Type II Citrate synthase(gltA) A1S_0179 3.1 0.121 Predicted flavodoxin, COG0655 A1S_3008...”
AB57_1209 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057
ABA1_01225 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii
45% identity, 87% coverage
- Occurrence of Acinetobacter baumannii genomic resistance islands (AbGRIs) in Acinetobacter baumannii strains belonging to global clone 2 obtained from COVID-19 patients
Naderi, BMC microbiology 2023 - “...AB57_1175-tnpR 1 , bla TEM tnpA 1000 , tnpR 5393 c-aphA1b, aphA1-sul1, tnpA 21 - AB57_1209, TE32_13140- tnpR1 , aphA1b -ABA1_01228, and tnpR 5393 c- ABA1_01228 (Table 6 ). To investigate the structures of AbGRI3 resistance islands, PCR and PCR mapping experiments were used to determine...”
- “...] aphA1b- sul1 RH881 RH751 ATTCGTGATTGCGCCTGAG GCGGAACTTCACGCGATC 60 2712 [ 10 ] tnpA 21 - AB57_1209 RH668 RH1316 CACCAGAACCGCCTGCTCAA CATCTGCCATCCAGTTTGTG 60 1219 [ 10 ] TE32_13140- tnpR1 RH1563 RH539 ATAGATCGGCTTCGGACTCA CCAGCCCTTCCCGATCTGTTG 60 1046 [ 9 ] aphA1b -ABA1_01228 RH881 RH2008 ATTCGTGATTGCGCCTGAG TGATGACTTCCATTAAAGCCTGT 60 1581 a [...”
- Dissemination of the Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to global clone 2 containing AbGRI resistance islands in a referral hospital
Naderi, Microbiology spectrum 2023 - “...AB57_1175- tnpR 1 , bla TEM- tnpA 1000 , tnpR 5393c -aphA1b, tnpA 21 - AB57_1209 , and armA have been deposited in the GenBank under the following accession numbers: MW092766 , OP293342 , OM801571 , ON240823 , ON871819 , OP019034 , ON982224 . SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL...”
- Mobile genetic elements carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to global clone 2
Naderi, Frontiers in microbiology 2023 - “...tnpR 1 , bla TEM tnpA 1000 , tnpR 5393 c -aphA1b, tnpA 21 - AB57_1209 , armA gene, and atr -ISAba24 have been submitted to the NCBI GenBank database under the following accession numbers: OM801571, ON240823, ON871819, OP019034, ON982224, and OQ341795. Results Identification of GC2...”
- AbGRI4, a novel antibiotic resistance island in multiply antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates
Chan, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2020 - “...comM (ACINNAV82_0188) for AbGRI1, an amino acid permease gene (AB57_1175) and an NAD(P)/FAD-dependent oxidoreductase gene (AB57_1209) for AbGRI2 and a GNAT family N -acetyltransferase gene (DMO12_07266) for AbGRI3. Each target gene reference was mapped against the A. baumannii genomic contigs using BLASTN 28 and total query...”
- Evolution of AbGRI2-0, the Progenitor of the AbGRI2 Resistance Island in Global Clone 2 of Acinetobacter baumannii
Blackwell, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2015 - “...flanked by part of two different ORFs (AB57_1175 and AB57_1209 in AB0057; GenBank accession number CP001182) that are separated by 40.9 kb in the genome of the...”
- “...accession number CP010781) (20), ending with part of ABA1_01225 (AB57_1209 in AB0057). The remainder of this open reading frame (ORF), along with an 8-bp target...”
- IncM Plasmid R1215 Is the Source of Chromosomally Located Regions Containing Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Globally Disseminated Acinetobacter baumannii GC1 and GC2 Clones
Blackwell, mSphere 2016 - “...( 26 , 27 ). This TU was then incorporated into the gene corresponding to ABA1_01225 in A1 (GenBank accession number CP010781 ) in the A.baumannii genome, again likely using the replicative mode to generate the second IS 26 bounding AbGRI2-0* and the 8-bp target site...”
- Evolution of AbGRI2-0, the Progenitor of the AbGRI2 Resistance Island in Global Clone 2 of Acinetobacter baumannii
Blackwell, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2015 - “...ABA1_02632 tnpR TTTCTGAC TCTAAAAT 26* AGATTTTA 26 tnpA tnpR ABA1_01225 2.46 Mb Tn5393c IR1000 GTCAGAAA merP merC 3-CS 1.54 Mb CGCCAACT 6100 IS6100 merD merE...”
- “...aadA1 Q P P aacC1 intI1 tnpM tnpR tnpA ABA1_01225 FIG 1 Location and structure of resistance islands. Location of (A) resistance islands in the chromosome of...”
ABO_1097 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
43% identity, 94% coverage
F3P16_RS12730 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii
43% identity, 92% coverage
- Nosocomial surveillance of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a genomic epidemiological study
Duan, Microbiology spectrum 2024 - “...observed (Table S20a and b). In addition to SNP-level variations, F3P16_RS06935 , F3P16_RS06940 , and F3P16_RS12730 were found to be absent at high frequencies (>65%) in the SPG group but present at high frequencies (>95%) in the LPG and RG groups (Table S19). F3P16_RS06935 encodes a...”
- “...encodes a TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator that regulates the expression of the efflux pump, and F3P16_RS12730 is a cyclohexanone monooxygenase that catalyzes an oxygen insertion reaction on cyclohexanone to form a seven-membered cyclic product, epsilon-caprolactone ( 38 ). To investigate whether mutations increased over time, we...”
Tery_3824 putative flavin-binding monooxygenase from Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101
42% identity, 94% coverage
MAB_4476c Putative monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
41% identity, 91% coverage
- Establishment of a Host-to-Host Transmission Model for Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Identification of Colonization-Associated Genes
Bermudez, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2018 - “...98.2 MAVA5_06540 Dihydropteroate synthase MAV_1352, Rv1207, MAB_1345/58 n C-terminus D6 95.4 MAVA5_10295 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase MAV_1795, MAB_4476c 104 n N-terminus D3 93.8 MAVA5_03280 Mycothiol acetyltransferase MAV_0761, Rv0819, MAB_0748/112 n N-terminus H8 93.7 MAVA5_14105 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase MAV_3277, Rv1493, MAB_2711c/110 n N-terminus H4 92.2 MAVA5_09730 Hydrolase MAV_2243, Rv2223c, MAB_1919/106...”
MAB_2073 Putative monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
42% identity, 91% coverage
- Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome and Methylome Profiles of a Smooth and a Rough Mycobacterium abscessus Clinical Strain
Chhotaray, G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 2020 - “...MAB_2074 ) and the other two genes have lost the stop codon ( MAB_0280 and MAB_2073 ) due to SNV in Mab R . Out of 8 SNVs, 6 nsSNVs and only one ( MAB_0280 ) sSNV found in Mab S strain where as SNV causes...”
- “...S2). There are 62, 41, 22 and 20 nsSNVs were present within the MAB_2100 , MAB_2073 , MAB_2099 , and MAB_2074 respectively. The highest number of nsSNV was found in MAB_2100 encoding putative plasmid replication initiator protein. In addition, nsSNVs were found within genes encoding putative...”
MAVA5_10295 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis A5
41% identity, 88% coverage
- Establishment of a Host-to-Host Transmission Model for Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Identification of Colonization-Associated Genes
Bermudez, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2018 - “.../location Tn c E4 98.2 MAVA5_06540 Dihydropteroate synthase MAV_1352, Rv1207, MAB_1345/58 n C-terminus D6 95.4 MAVA5_10295 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase MAV_1795, MAB_4476c 104 n N-terminus D3 93.8 MAVA5_03280 Mycothiol acetyltransferase MAV_0761, Rv0819, MAB_0748/112 n N-terminus H8 93.7 MAVA5_14105 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase MAV_3277, Rv1493, MAB_2711c/110 n N-terminus H4 92.2 MAVA5_09730...”
- “...n N-terminus D8 86.6 MAVA5_21725 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase MAV_4936, Rv0234c, MAB_3471/ 121 n N-terminus D5 79.8 MAVA5_10295 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase MAV_1795, MAB_4476c/ 105 n N-terminus C12 79.5 MAVA5_14485 Cupin MAV_3361/ 66 n C-terminus H11 79.5 MAVA5_22225 TetR family transcriptional regulator MAV_5138, Rv0158, MAB_4574c/ 104 n N-terminus F10 79.3...”
- Identification of Bicarbonate as a Trigger and Genes Involved with Extracellular DNA Export in Mycobacterial Biofilms
Rose, mBio 2016 - “...29b11, three mutants with mutations in different locations in MAVA5_10275, encoding a metal-dependent hydrolase; 37h6 (MAVA5_10295, encoding a flavin-binding monooxygenase); 43f8 and 5d3, two mutants with mutations in different locations in MAVA5_10310, encoding a 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase; and 37d4 (MAV_10315, encoding a cytochrome P450 protein). To further...”
MAV_1795 flavin-binding monooxygenase from Mycobacterium avium 104
41% identity, 88% coverage
- Establishment of a Host-to-Host Transmission Model for Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Identification of Colonization-Associated Genes
Bermudez, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2018 - “...E4 98.2 MAVA5_06540 Dihydropteroate synthase MAV_1352, Rv1207, MAB_1345/58 n C-terminus D6 95.4 MAVA5_10295 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase MAV_1795, MAB_4476c 104 n N-terminus D3 93.8 MAVA5_03280 Mycothiol acetyltransferase MAV_0761, Rv0819, MAB_0748/112 n N-terminus H8 93.7 MAVA5_14105 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase MAV_3277, Rv1493, MAB_2711c/110 n N-terminus H4 92.2 MAVA5_09730 Hydrolase MAV_2243, Rv2223c,...”
- “...86.6 MAVA5_21725 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase MAV_4936, Rv0234c, MAB_3471/ 121 n N-terminus D5 79.8 MAVA5_10295 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase MAV_1795, MAB_4476c/ 105 n N-terminus C12 79.5 MAVA5_14485 Cupin MAV_3361/ 66 n C-terminus H11 79.5 MAVA5_22225 TetR family transcriptional regulator MAV_5138, Rv0158, MAB_4574c/ 104 n N-terminus F10 79.3 MAVA5_17170 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase...”
MAVA5_10310 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis A5
40% identity, 91% coverage
- Identification of Bicarbonate as a Trigger and Genes Involved with Extracellular DNA Export in Mycobacterial Biofilms
Rose, mBio 2016 - “...(mutants 16e4 and 41c1); MAVA5_10275, encoding a metal-dependent hydrolase (mutants 26e12, 29b11, and 7d3); and MAVA5_10310, encoding a monooxygenase (mutants 43f8 and 5d3) ( TableS2 ). In addition, there were 30 instances of mutants with mutations within a 10-gene proximity of those of other mutants (...”
- “...encoding a flavin-binding monooxygenase); 43f8 and 5d3, two mutants with mutations in different locations in MAVA5_10310, encoding a 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase; and 37d4 (MAV_10315, encoding a cytochrome P450 protein). To further confirm that eDNA-deficient mutants were directly related to eDNA export, nine mutants were chosen to complement...”
A1S_1126 putative flavin-binding monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
43% identity, 77% coverage
ATEG_10004 uncharacterized protein from Aspergillus terreus NIH2624
39% identity, 82% coverage
KTND_ASPNC / A2QK68 FAD-binding monooxygenase ktnD; Kotanin biosynthesis cluster protein D; EC 1.14.13.- from Aspergillus niger (strain ATCC MYA-4892 / CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513) (see 3 papers)
35% identity, 81% coverage
- function: Non-reducing polyketide synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the bicoumarin kotanin (PubMed:22945023, PubMed:26389790). The non-reducing polyketide synthase ktnS first catalyzes the formation of the pentaketidic 4,7- dihydroxy-5-methylcoumarin from acetyl coenzyme A and 4 malonyl coenzyme A molecules (PubMed:17315249, PubMed:22945023). Further O- methylation by ktnB leads to the formation of 7-demethylsiderin (PubMed:17315249, PubMed:22945023, PubMed:26389790). Then, an oxidative phenol coupling catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ktnC forms the 8,8'-dimer P-orlandin via dimerization the monomeric precursor, 7-demethylsiderin (PubMed:26389790). P-orlandin is subsequently O-methylated in a stepwise fashion to demethylkotanin and kotanin (PubMed:22945023). The function of ktnD within the pathway has not been determined yet (PubMed:22945023).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
AFUA_6G13790, XP_751255 flavin-binding monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
37% identity, 91% coverage
- Cloning, overexpression and biocatalytic exploration of a novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
Mascotti, AMB Express 2013 - “...XM_750181 (protein id XP_755274), XM_750991 (protein id XP_75684), XM_749026 (protein id XP_754119), XM_746162 (protein id XP_751255), XM_742681 (protein id XP_747774), XM_747111 (protein id XP_75224), XM_746209 (protein id XP_75132). These nine ORFs were aligned to genomic sequences to detect the presence of introns. Based on this, the...”
- Transcriptional and proteomic analysis of the Aspergillus fumigatus ΔprtT protease-deficient mutant
Hagag, PloS one 2012 - “...Oxidoreductase activity P =0.008 AFUA_1G17180 pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, putative 7.7 AFUA_5G03930 alcohol dehydrogenase, putative 3.8 AFUA_6G13790 monooxigenase 3.6 AFUA_7G02010 hypothetical protein 3.6 AFUA_1G07480 coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, 3.3 AFUA_4G08710 short chain dehydrogenase, 3.2 Cytochrome C oxidoreductase activity P =0.008 AFUA_3G06190 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Via 2.6 AFUA_3G14440...”
MMASJCM_0836 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense CCUG 48898 = JCM 15300
35% identity, 88% coverage
- The Use of Comparative Genomic Analysis for the Development of Subspecies-Specific PCR Assays for Mycobacterium abscessus
Akwani, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2022 - “...176 bp 5-CGATTCACTGCTCCGCATTC M. bolletii BD MASB_RS03355 671265-448 5-GTTGTAGGGATGACGTGGTG 184 bp 5-CTCCGCACCGAAGAAGAAAT M. massiliense JCM15300 MMASJCM_0836 828761-894 5-AGGGTATTTCACTTGATGACCTATG 134 bp 5-GATCGCCGTCAGCGAATAAT M. massiliense JCM15300 MMASJCM_0834 826228-365 5-GTCAGCAACTCGGCAAGAAG 138 bp 5-GTTTCTCCTGGAACGAGATCTAATG *The accession numbers of the genome sequences used are M. abscessus UC22: CP012044, M. bolletii BD:...”
- “...(0%) 0 (0%) MASB_RS03355 bolletii BD 184 0 (0%) 110 (97.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) MMASJCM_0836 massiliense JCM15300 134 2 (0.2%) 1 (0.9%) 513 (97.5%) 0 (0%) MMASJCM_0834 massiliense JCM15300 138 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 513 (97.5%) 0 (0%) *The category Other consisted of 39 M....”
dkpC / A0A2Z4VBF4 5-aminobenzene-1,3-diol 6-monooxygenase from Streptomyces sp. ICC1 (see 2 papers)
37% identity, 83% coverage
Rv1393c PROBABLE MONOXYGENASE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
34% identity, 91% coverage
- The efflux pumps Rv1877 and Rv0191 play differential roles in the protection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against chemical stress
Sao, Frontiers in microbiology 2024 - “...and monooxygenases ( rv2378c, rv0385 and rv0793 in our study but not specifically rv3854c and rv1393c ) that were found to be downregulated during EI ( Rodriguez et al., 2002 ), were also downregulated in the mutants of our study ( Supplementary Tables S3S5 ). It...”
- Bioinformatic Mining and Structure-Activity Profiling of Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tomas, mSphere 2022 - “...and confirmed by structural assessment, are the previously characterized BVMOs EthA and MymA, plus additional Rv1393c, Rv0565c, Rv0892, and Rv3049c candidates ( Fig.1B ). Interestingly, EthA is the most largely conserved BVMO in the set of selected actinobacteria, with its presence in all genomes that contain...”
- “...to confer susceptibility to ethionamide (ETH) and its analog prothionamide (PTH) ( 6 ). Rv0892, Rv1393c, and Rv3049c are annotated in UniProt as probable monooxygenases. Accordingly, the phylogenetic tree highlights that EthA, MymA, and Rv0565c cluster on the same branch, while Rv0892 is located separately, on...”
- Drug Degradation Caused by mce3R Mutations Confers Contezolid (MRX-I) Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pi, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2022 (secret) - Drug degradation caused by mce3R mutations confers contezolid (MRX-I) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pi, 2022 - Genome-wide association studies of global Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to 13 antimicrobials in 10,228 genomes identify new resistance mechanisms
The, PLoS biology 2022 - “...R (L), lprF : Rv1371 R (M), espA : ephA (N), narU (O), rne (P), Rv1393c (Q), Rv1362c (R), Rv0579 (S), glnE (T), ethA (U), Rv0208c : Rv0209 (V) Ethionamide fabG1 , ethA (A), rpoB (B), gyrA (C), inhA (D), whiB7 (E), PPE3 (F), mpt53 (G),...”
- “...(J), narU (K), pgi (L), mmaA4 (M), pncA (N), viuB (O), lprC (P), murA (Q), Rv1393c (R), Rv0579 (S), glnE (T), rne (U), Rv1362c (V), Rv0208c : Rv0209 (W) Levofloxacin gyrA , rrs (A), gyrB , embB (B), rpoB (C), vapC36 (D), mce2F (E), fabG1 (F),...”
- Molecular Determinants of Ethionamide Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ushtanit, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 - “...to EthA, there are five more predicted Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases in M. tuberculosis : Rv0892, Rv0565c, Rv1393c, Rv3049c, and MymA (Rv3083) [ 17 ]. The ability to activate ethionamide has also been demonstrated for MymA and Rv0565c [ 18 ]. Mutations in these loci were detected in...”
- Dissecting the antibacterial activity of oxadiazolone-core derivatives against Mycobacterium abscessus
Madani, PloS one 2020 - “...Possible DNA repair protein RecO IP MAB_2366 33.804 Rv1701 - Probable integrase RP MAB_2477c 55.217 Rv1393c - Probable monoxygenase IM/R MAB_2478c 15.382 - uncharacterized protein - MAB_2545c 35.436 Rv0480c M/WCL Possible amidohydrolase IM/R MAB_2943c 31.546 Rv1543 M/WCL Possible fatty acyl-CoA reductase LM MAB_3336c 54.339 Rv2045c -...”
- Structure of a Wbl protein and implications for NO sensing by M. tuberculosis
Kudhair, Nature communications 2017 - “...) code for transporters, 5 ( cyp121 , lat , mftE , mftF , and Rv1393c ) have functions in intermediary metabolism and respiration, and 1 ( Rv0755A ) code for a transposase. The presence of both up- (22 operons) and downregulated (3 operons) genes suggests...”
- “...MFS-type transporter Rv2459 lipQ Rv2485c 3.1 Carboxylesterase LipQ lipQ Rv3633 Rv3633 3.0 Hypothetical protein Rv3633 Rv1393c Rv1393c 3.0 Monoxygenase Rv1393c mbtJ Rv2385 0.3 Acetyl hydrolase mbtJ cyp121 Rv2276 0.3 Cytochrome P450 cyp121 mbtI Rv2386c 0.3 Salicylate synthase mbtI The genes with the largest changes in expression...”
- More
C6V83_15530 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Gordonia iterans
37% identity, 85% coverage
hapA / Q93TJ5 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase subunit (EC 1.14.13.84) from Pseudomonas fluorescens (see paper)
HAPMO_PSEFL / Q93TJ5 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase; HAPMO; Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.84 from Pseudomonas fluorescens (see 4 papers)
Q93TJ5 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.84) from Pseudomonas fluorescens (see 2 papers)
36% identity, 76% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters. Can oxidize a wide range of acetophenone derivatives. Highest activity occurs with compounds bearing an electron-donating substituent at the para position of the aromatic ring, e.g. 4-hydroxyacetophenone and 4-aminoacetophenone, leading to the formation of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate and 4-aminophenyl acetate, respectively. Is also able to oxidize sulfides.
catalytic activity: 4'-hydroxyacetophenone + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 4-acetoxyphenol + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:22916)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
subunit: Homodimer. - Discovery of Two Native Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases for Asymmetric Synthesis of Bulky Chiral Sulfoxides
Zhang, Applied and environmental microbiology 2018 (secret)
Afu2g17490 flavin-binding monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
35% identity, 75% coverage
MT0916 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551
Rv0892 PROBABLE MONOOXYGENASE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
Mb0916 PROBABLE MONOOXYGENASE from Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97
35% identity, 94% coverage
- Transcriptional Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exposed to In Vitro Lysosomal Stress
Lin, Infection and immunity 2016 - “...Gene Description Fold change SD MT0560 MT0777 MT0888 MT0916 MT1128 MT1295 MT1339 MT1368 MT1369 MT1424 MT1511 MT1512 MT1636 MT1658 MT1659 MT1667 MT1690 MT1767...”
- Transcriptomic responses to antibiotic exposure in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Poonawala, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2024 (secret) - Bioinformatic Mining and Structure-Activity Profiling of Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tomas, mSphere 2022 - “...that identified six BVMOs in M. tuberculosis , including Rv3083 (MymA), Rv3854c (EthA), Rv0565c, and Rv0892, which were selected for further characterization. Homology modeling and substrate docking analysis, performed on this subset, suggested that Rv0892 is closer to the cyclohexanone BVMO, while Rv0565c and EthA are...”
- “...tuberculosis , including MymA, EthA, and Rv0565cactivators of the second-line prodrug ethionamideand the novel BVMO Rv0892. Combining in silico characterization with in vitro validation, we outlined their structural framework and substrate preference. Markedly, MymA displayed an enhanced capacity and a distinct selectivity profile toward ligands, in...”
- Drug Degradation Caused by mce3R Mutations Confers Contezolid (MRX-I) Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pi, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2022 (secret) - Drug degradation caused by mce3R mutations confers contezolid (MRX-I) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pi, 2022 - Molecular Determinants of Ethionamide Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ushtanit, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 - “...In addition to EthA, there are five more predicted Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases in M. tuberculosis : Rv0892, Rv0565c, Rv1393c, Rv3049c, and MymA (Rv3083) [ 17 ]. The ability to activate ethionamide has also been demonstrated for MymA and Rv0565c [ 18 ]. Mutations in these loci were...”
- System pharmacogenomics application in infectious diseases
Mandlik, Briefings in functional genomics 2017 - “...interaction network. One of the examples in this direction is the identification of RecA, Rv0832c, Rv0892 and DnaE1 proteins, which can be drug targets for combating drug resistance in MtB [ 29 ]. Influenza A decade of high-throughput screening of human viruses has led to the...”
- The EXIT Strategy: an Approach for Identifying Bacterial Proteins Exported during Host Infection
Perkowski, mBio 2017 - “...In vitro ( 81 ) 0.005 Rv0846c mmcO Multicopper oxidase SP, Tat SP, Lipo 0.000 Rv0892 Probable monooxygenase TM In macrophages ( 82 ) 0.008 Rv1026 ppx-2 Polyphosphatase In vitro ( 81 ), in mice ( 83 ) 0.022 Rv1145 mmpL13a Unknown TM 0.000 Rv1266c pknH...”
- Transcriptional Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exposed to In Vitro Lysosomal Stress
Lin, Infection and immunity 2016 - “...MT2103 MT2274 MT2336 MT2511 MT2572 Rv0536 Rv0753c Rv0865 Rv0892 Rv1096 Rv1256c Rv1300 Rv1326c Rv1327c Rv1380 Rv1464 Rv1465 Rv1600 Rv1622c Rv1623c Rv1631 Rv1652...”
- More
- Differential gene expression between Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Rehren, Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2007 - “...0.00384 Probable protease II (oligopeptidase b) Rv0892 Mb0916 5.5 0.00389 Probable monooxygenase Rv0928 Mb0951 pstS3 4.5 0.00562 Periplasmic phosphate-binding...”
X0K5V1 Monooxygenase from Fusarium odoratissimum NRRL 54006
33% identity, 87% coverage
MAB_2477c Probable monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
34% identity, 88% coverage
hapE / B7T912 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.84) from Pseudomonas putida (see 7 papers)
B7T912 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.84) from Pseudomonas putida (see paper)
36% identity, 76% coverage
TAZF_ASPTN / Q0CSA3 FAD-binding monooxygenase tazF; Azaphilone biosynthesis cluster protein F; EC 1.14.13.- from Aspergillus terreus (strain NIH 2624 / FGSC A1156) (see paper)
ATEG_03431 uncharacterized protein from Aspergillus terreus NIH2624
35% identity, 84% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of azaterrilone A and other azaphilones, a class of fungal metabolites characterized by a highly oxygenated pyrano-quinone bicyclic core and exhibiting a broad range of bioactivities (PubMed:35398258). The first step of the pathway begins with the non-reducing polyketide synthase tazA that assembles one acetyl-CoA starter unit, five malonyl-CoA units, and catalyzes a series of Claisen condensations, methylation, PT-mediated cyclization, and finally releases the first hexaketide precursor through the R-domain. The tazA product then undergoes reduction on its terminal ketone and the following pyran-ring formation by yet undetermined enzyme(s). Dehydration and enoyl reduction, possibly involving the trans-enoyl reductase tazE leads to the next intermediate. TazD is predicted as an acetyltransferase and might catalyze the acetylation steps leading to the synthesis of azaterrilone A. Azaterrilone A is not the final product of the taz pathway and both the highly reducing polyketide synthase tazB and the dual enzyme tazHJ catalyze late steps of the pathway, leading to the production of the 2 final stereoisomers that contain additional polyketide modification whose structures have still to be determined (Probable).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.) - Characterization of a silent azaphilone biosynthesis gene cluster in Aspergillus terreus NIH 2624
Sun, Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 2022 - “...and transcriptional analysis, revealed that ATEG_03445 regulates the whole taz gene cluster covering genes from ATEG_03431 to ATEG_03446, a similar gene cluster to the aza gene cluster encoding the azanigerone A biosynthesis in A. niger ( Zabala et al., 2012 ; Yin et al., 2016 )....”
- “...DNA by melting curve analysis. The result in Fig. 3 showed that the genes from ATEG_03431 ( tazF ) to ATEG_03446 ( tazB ) were significantly upregulated along with tazR overexpression. Therefore, the taz gene cluster was characterized by RT-qPCR analysis to consist of 16 genes,...”
MAB_1527 Probable monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
34% identity, 88% coverage
MOXY_DOTSE / Q30DW9 FAD-binding monooxygenase moxY; Dothistromin biosynthesis protein moxY; EC 1.14.13.- from Dothistroma septosporum (Red band needle blight fungus) (Mycosphaerella pini) (see 4 papers)
MOXY_DOTSN / M2Y0N8 FAD-binding monooxygenase moxY; Dothistromin biosynthesis protein moxY; EC 1.14.13.- from Dothistroma septosporum (strain NZE10 / CBS 128990) (Red band needle blight fungus) (Mycosphaerella pini) (see 4 papers)
31% identity, 82% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the fragmented gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of dothistromin (DOTH), a polyketide toxin very similar in structure to the aflatoxin precursor, versicolorin B (PubMed:12039746, PubMed:17683963, PubMed:22069571, PubMed:23207690, PubMed:23448391). The first step of the pathway is the conversion of acetate to norsolorinic acid (NOR) and requires the fatty acid synthase subunits hexA and hexB, as well as the polyketide synthase pksA (PubMed:16649078, PubMed:23207690). PksA combines a hexanoyl starter unit and 7 malonyl-CoA extender units to synthesize the precursor NOR (By similarity). The hexanoyl starter unit is provided to the acyl-carrier protein (ACP) domain by the fungal fatty acid synthase hexA/hexB (By similarity). The second step is the conversion of NOR to averantin (AVN) and requires the norsolorinic acid ketoreductase nor1, which catalyzes the dehydration of norsolorinic acid to form (1'S)-averantin (PubMed:23207690). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase avnA then catalyzes the hydroxylation of AVN to 5'hydroxyaverantin (HAVN) (PubMed:23207690). The next step is performed by adhA that transforms HAVN to averufin (AVF) (PubMed:23207690). Averufin might then be converted to hydroxyversicolorone by cypX and avfA (PubMed:23207690). Hydroxyversicolorone is further converted versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) by moxY (PubMed:23207690). VHA is then the substrate for the versiconal hemiacetal acetate esterase est1 to yield versiconal (VAL) (PubMed:23207690). Versicolorin B synthase vbsA then converts VAL to versicolorin B (VERB) by closing the bisfuran ring (PubMed:16649078, PubMed:23207690). Then, the activity of the versicolorin B desaturase verB leads to versicolorin A (VERA) (PubMed:23207690). DotB, a predicted chloroperoxidase, may perform epoxidation of the A-ring of VERA (PubMed:23207690). Alternatively, a cytochrome P450, such as cypX or avnA could catalyze this step (PubMed:23207690). It is also possible that another, uncharacterized, cytochrome P450 enzyme is responsible for this step (PubMed:23207690). Opening of the epoxide could potentially be achieved by the epoxide hydrolase epoA (PubMed:23207690). However, epoA seems not to be required for DOTH biosynthesis, but other epoxide hydrolases may have the ability to complement this hydrolysis (PubMed:23207690). Alternatively, opening of the epoxide ring could be achieved non- enzymatically (PubMed:23207690). The next step is the deoxygenation of ring A to yield the 5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone which is most likely catalyzed by the NADPH dehydrogenase encoded by ver1 (PubMed:23207690). The last stages of DOTH biosynthesis are proposed to involve hydroxylation of the bisfuran (PubMed:23207690). OrdB and norB might have oxidative roles here (PubMed:23207690). An alternative possibility is that cytochrome P450 monoogenases such as avnA and cypX might perform these steps in addition to previously proposed steps (PubMed:23207690).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.) - function: Averufin oxidase A; part of the fragmented gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of dothistromin (DOTH), a polyketide toxin very similar in structure to the aflatoxin precursor, versicolorin B (PubMed:12039746, PubMed:17683963, PubMed:22069571, PubMed:23207690, PubMed:23448391). The first step of the pathway is the conversion of acetate to norsolorinic acid (NOR) and requires the fatty acid synthase subunits hexA and hexB, as well as the polyketide synthase pksA (PubMed:16649078, PubMed:23207690). PksA combines a hexanoyl starter unit and 7 malonyl-CoA extender units to synthesize the precursor NOR (By similarity). The hexanoyl starter unit is provided to the acyl- carrier protein (ACP) domain by the fungal fatty acid synthase hexA/hexB (By similarity). The second step is the conversion of NOR to averantin (AVN) and requires the norsolorinic acid ketoreductase nor1, which catalyzes the dehydration of norsolorinic acid to form (1'S)- averantin (PubMed:23207690). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase avnA then catalyzes the hydroxylation of AVN to 5'hydroxyaverantin (HAVN) (PubMed:23207690). The next step is performed by adhA that transforms HAVN to averufin (AVF) (PubMed:23207690). Averufin might then be converted to hydroxyversicolorone by cypX and avfA (PubMed:23207690). Hydroxyversicolorone is further converted versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) by moxY (PubMed:23207690). VHA is then the substrate for the versiconal hemiacetal acetate esterase est1 to yield versiconal (VAL) (PubMed:23207690). Versicolorin B synthase vbsA then converts VAL to versicolorin B (VERB) by closing the bisfuran ring (PubMed:16649078, PubMed:23207690). Then, the activity of the versicolorin B desaturase verB leads to versicolorin A (VERA) (PubMed:23207690). DotB, a predicted chloroperoxidase, may perform epoxidation of the A-ring of VERA (PubMed:23207690). Alternatively, a cytochrome P450, such as cypX or avnA could catalyze this step (PubMed:23207690). It is also possible that another, uncharacterized, cytochrome P450 enzyme is responsible for this step (PubMed:23207690). Opening of the epoxide could potentially be achieved by the epoxide hydrolase epoA (PubMed:23207690). However, epoA seems not to be required for DOTH biosynthesis, but other epoxide hydrolases may have the ability to complement this hydrolysis (PubMed:23207690). Alternatively, opening of the epoxide ring could be achieved non-enzymatically (PubMed:23207690). The next step is the deoxygenation of ring A to yield the 5,8- dihydroxyanthraquinone which is most likely catalyzed by the NADPH dehydrogenase encoded by ver1 (PubMed:23207690). The last stages of DOTH biosynthesis are proposed to involve hydroxylation of the bisfuran (PubMed:23207690). OrdB and norB might have oxidative roles here (PubMed:23207690). An alternative possibility is that cytochrome P450 monoogenases such as avnA and cypX might perform these steps in addition to previously proposed steps (PubMed:23207690).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
PADG_04703 uncharacterized protein from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb18
31% identity, 78% coverage
STCW_EMENI / Q00730 FAD-binding monooxygenase stcW; Sterigmatocystin biosynthesis cluster protein W; EC 1.14.13.- from Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) (Aspergillus nidulans) (see 8 papers)
31% identity, 79% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), a polyketide- derived furanocoumarin which is part of the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds among the known mycotoxins (PubMed:10618248, PubMed:8643646). The first step in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin is the production of hexanoate by the fatty acid synthase (FAS) units stcJ and stcK (PubMed:8962148). The polyketide backbone is assembled by the non- reducing polyketide synthase stcA by condensation of the starter hexanoyl-CoA and 7 malonyl-CoA extender units followed by cyclization and release of norsolorinic acid (By similarity). Norsolorinic acid is the first stable intermediate in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin and is converted into averantin (AVN) by the ketoreductase stcE which reduces the hexanoate ketone to an alcohol (Probable) (PubMed:8643646). Averantin is then oxidized into 5'-hydroxyaverantin (HAVN) by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase stcF (PubMed:10618248). 5'- hydroxyaverantin is further converted to 5'-oxyaverantin (OAVN) by the 5'-hydroxyaverantin dehydrogenase stcG (PubMed:24957370). The next step is the conversion of OAVN into averufin (AVF) which is catalyzed by a yet to be identified enzyme (PubMed:24957370). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase stcB and the flavin-binding monooxygenase stcW are both required for the conversion of averufin to 1-hydroxyversicolorone (PubMed:10618248). The esterase stcI probably catalyzes the formation of versiconal hemiacetal acetate from 1-hydroxyversicolorone (PubMed:24957370). The oxydoreductase stcN then probably catalyzes the biosynthetic step from versiconal to versicolorin B (VERB) (PubMed:24957370). The next step is performed by the versicolorin B desaturase stcL to produce versicolorin A (VERA) (PubMed:8999832). The ketoreductase stcU and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase stcS are involved in the conversion of versicolorin A to demethylsterigmatocystin (PubMed:7486998). The Baeyer-Villiger oxidas stcQ and the reductase stcR might be involved in the biosynthetic step from versicolorin A to demethylsterigmatocystin (PubMed:24957370). The final step in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin is the methylation of demethylsterigmatocystin catalyzed by the methyltransferase stcP (PubMed:8900026).
cofactor: FAD
disruption phenotype: Impairs the production of sterigmatocystin and leads to the accumulation of averufin.
An13g01810 uncharacterized protein from Aspergillus niger
30% identity, 79% coverage
XP_747774 flavin-binding monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
34% identity, 77% coverage
BOA2_BOTFB / B1GVX4 FAD-binding monooxygenase BOA2; Botcinic acid biosynthesis cluster A protein 2; EC 1.14.13.- from Botryotinia fuckeliana (strain B05.10) (Noble rot fungus) (Botrytis cinerea) (see 3 papers)
BC1G_16083 Bcboa2 from Botrytis cinerea B05.10
32% identity, 92% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster A that mediates the biosynthesis of botcinic acid and its botcinin derivatives, acetate-derived polyketides that contribute to virulence when combined with the sesquiterpene botrydial (PubMed:18208491, PubMed:21722295). Botcinic acid and its derivatives have been shown to induce chlorosis and necrosis during host plant infection, but also have antifungal activities (PubMed:18208491, PubMed:21722295). Two polyketide synthases, BOA6 and BOA9, are involved in the biosynthesis of botcinins. BOA6 mediates the formation of the per-methylated tetraketide core by condensation of four units of malonyl-CoA with one unit of acetyl-CoA, which would be methylated in activated methylene groups to yield a bicyclic acid intermediate that could then either be converted to botrylactone derivatives or lose the starter acetate unit through a retro-Claisen type C-C bond cleavage to yield botcinin derivatives (PubMed:23203902). The second polyketide synthase, BOA9, is probably required for the biosynthesis of the tetraketide side chain of botcinins (Probable). The methyltransferase (MT) domain within BOA6 is probably responsible for the incorporation of four methyl groups (Probable). The trans-enoyl reductase BOA5 might take over the enoyl reductase function of BOA6 that misses an ER domain (Probable). The monooxygenases BOA2, BOA3 and BOA4 might be involved in further hydroxylations at C4, C5 and C8, whereas BOA7, close to BOA9, could potentially be involved in the hydroxylation at C4 in the side chain of botcinins (Probable).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.) - ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea
Zhou, Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...[ 36 ] BCIN_01g00010 oxidoreductase BOA1 2.77 down putative botcinic acid synthesis [ 46 ] BC1G_16083 FAD-binding monooxygenase BOA2 2.81 down putative botcinic acid synthesis [ 46 ] Stress response SS1G_05007 12 kDa heat shock protein 1.91 up stress response [ 47 ] SS1G_05200 catalase A...”
- The Botrytis cinerea phytotoxin botcinic acid requires two polyketide synthases for production and has a redundant role in virulence with botrydial
Dalmais, Molecular plant pathology 2011 (secret)
MAB_0513 Putative monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
34% identity, 81% coverage
aflW / Q6UEF3 versiconal hemiacetal acetate synthase from Aspergillus parasiticus (strain ATCC 56775 / NRRL 5862 / SRRC 143 / SU-1) (see paper)
Q6UEF3 FAD-binding monooxygenase aflW from Aspergillus parasiticus (strain ATCC 56775 / NRRL 5862 / SRRC 143 / SU-1)
32% identity, 85% coverage
MAB_4017c Probable monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
B1MHL0 Probable monooxygenase from Mycobacteroides abscessus (strain ATCC 19977 / DSM 44196 / CCUG 20993 / CIP 104536 / JCM 13569 / NCTC 13031 / TMC 1543 / L948)
33% identity, 83% coverage
WP_037205976 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus opacus M213
33% identity, 81% coverage
Afu3g15050, XP_754119 flavin-binding monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
32% identity, 75% coverage
- The Transcriptome Response to Azole Compounds in Aspergillus fumigatus Shows Differential Gene Expression across Pathways Essential for Azole Resistance and Cell Survival
Hokken, Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2023 - “...-2,80 Afu5g13970 WD domain; G-beta repeat protein N/A -2,83 Afu6g00760 Glutathione S-transferase; putative N/A -2,89 Afu3g15050 Flavin-binding monooxygenase; putative N/A -2,91 Afu1g17170 TfdA family taurine dioxygenase; putative N/A -2,94 Afu3g03660 Siderophore esterase IroE-like; putative estB -2,98 Afu3g15055 Putative uncharacterized protein N/A -3,03 Afu4g00450 Putative uncharacterized protein...”
- Cloning, overexpression and biocatalytic exploration of a novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
Mascotti, AMB Express 2013 - “...XM_741856 (protein id XP_746949), XM_750181 (protein id XP_755274), XM_750991 (protein id XP_75684), XM_749026 (protein id XP_754119), XM_746162 (protein id XP_751255), XM_742681 (protein id XP_747774), XM_747111 (protein id XP_75224), XM_746209 (protein id XP_75132). These nine ORFs were aligned to genomic sequences to detect the presence of introns....”
A0A1L1QK39 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Thermocrispum municipale (see 2 papers)
31% identity, 81% coverage
blr6465 blr6465 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110
33% identity, 49% coverage
FMO1 putative uncharacterized protein FMO1 from Candida albicans (see paper)
34% identity, 82% coverage
- CharProtDB CGD description: Predicted ORF in Assemblies 19, 20 and 21; mutation confers hypersensitivity to toxic ergosterol analog, and to amphotericin B
6gqiA / A0A1L1QK40 Thermocrispum municipale cyclohexanone monooxygenase bound to hexanoic acid (see paper)
31% identity, 80% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate; hexanoic acid (6gqiA)
MAP1620 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis str. k10
35% identity, 62% coverage
- Selection of vaccine-candidate peptides from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by in silico prediction, in vitro T-cell line proliferation, and in vivo immunogenicity
Lybeck, Frontiers in immunology 2024 - “...EPLRRLVKIRSSIVKRRT 18 2,207.72 MAP1677 101 (11) MPTLRLGRAARVAVL 15 1,624.04 MAP3814c-a 72 (8) GEPLRRLVKIRSSIV 15 1,723.11 MAP1620 102 (11) QRVLVRGARARLVAV 15 1,664.05 MAP3776c 73 (8) YGQLVQLAKALHVAV 15 1,609.95 MAP1348c 103 (11) LLLRFTAAPPASVPS 15 1,539.85 MAP3773c-b 74 (8) TSVYRILRALAADRIAET 18 2,019.35 MAP1344 104 (11) VPFTMVAAAPIRAMV 15 1,574 MAP3773c-a...”
stcW / GI|1235635 putative sterigmatocystin biosynthesis monooxygenase stcW; EC 1.14.13.- from Emericella nidulans (see 3 papers)
31% identity, 87% coverage
- CharProtDB Description: Putative FAD-containing monooxygenase with a predicted role in sterigmatocystin/aflatoxin biosynthesis; member of the sterigmatocystin biosynthesis gene cluster; Source:AspGD
AO090103000361 No description from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40
32% identity, 94% coverage
RK21_02867 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
30% identity, 79% coverage
NCU08747 monooxygenase from Neurospora crassa OR74A
30% identity, 82% coverage
- Identification and manipulation of Neurospora crassa genes involved in sensitivity to furfural
Feldman, Biotechnology for biofuels 2019 - “...(NCU07953), a pentachlorophenol monooxygenase (NCU04591), a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (NCU09873), a homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (NCU05499), a monooxygenase (NCU08747), a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (NCU01830), hypothetical proteins (NCU02031 and NCU09165), an NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase (NCU08005), a malate synthase (NCU10007), a cytochrome B5 (NCU08060), and a isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (NCU02126) (Additional file 3 :...”
MGG_01960 uncharacterized protein from Pyricularia oryzae 70-15
30% identity, 83% coverage
- Diterpene Biosynthesis in Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe
Shahi, Frontiers in fungal biology 2022 - “...From our analysis the putative MoDiTPS1 cluster possesses GGPP synthase (MGG_01971), oxidases/cytochromes P450 (MGG_01947, MGG_01950, MGG_01960), ligase (MGG_01951), and could possibly include a UDP glycosyl transferase (MGG_01961) ( Supplementary Figure 9 ). The synteny results highlight that the BGCs are not conserved across the pathotypes as...”
FPSE_08176 hypothetical protein from Fusarium pseudograminearum CS3096
32% identity, 76% coverage
8wkcA / Q2CGV0 Crystal structure of ogbvmo(oceanicola granulosus)
31% identity, 85% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (8wkcA)
RHA1_RS16680 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1
29% identity, 86% coverage
Reut_B5461 Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO:FAD dependent oxidoreductase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134
31% identity, 84% coverage
PZNO1_LYSAN / A0A172J1R7 Phenazine N-monooxygenase PhzNO1; Baeyer-Villiger-like flavin enzyme; Cyclohexanone monooxygenase; NADPH-dependent flavin-containing N-monooxygenase; EC 1.14.-.- from Lysobacter antibioticus (see 2 papers)
30% identity, 74% coverage
- function: Involved in the biosynthesis of phenazine natural products including myxin, an N(5),N(10)-dioxide phenazine antiobiotic, which has antimicrobial activity. Catalyzes the aromatic N-oxidations of phenazines, such as 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine (DHP), 1,6- dihydroxyphenazine N(5)-oxide (DHPO) and 1-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenazine to produce DHPO, iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine N(5),N(10)-dioxide) and 1-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenazine N(10)-oxide, respectively (PubMed:27145204, PubMed:29510028). Catalyzes also the N-oxidation of 8-hydroxyquinoline, but not 6-hydroxyquinoline (6-HQ), quinoline, quinoxaline, quinine and 2-phenylpyridine (PubMed:27145204).
catalytic activity: 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine + NADPH + O2 = 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine N(5)-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:72647)
catalytic activity: 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine N(5)-oxide + NADPH + O2 = 1,6- dihydroxyphenazine N(5),N(10)-dioxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:72651)
catalytic activity: 1-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenazine + NADPH + O2 = 1-hydroxy-6- methoxyphenazine N(10)-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:72655)
catalytic activity: quinolin-8-ol + NADPH + O2 = 8-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:72659)
cofactor: FAD
disruption phenotype: Disappearance of all phenazine N-oxide products with significantly increased phenazine non-oxides. Exhibits some antibacterial activity toward E.coli and B.subtilis, but at a much lower level than the wild type.
XP_755274 cyclohexanone monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
31% identity, 81% coverage
- Cloning, overexpression and biocatalytic exploration of a novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
Mascotti, AMB Express 2013 - “...selected as putative BVMOs, XM_742067 (protein id XP_747160), XM_741856 (protein id XP_746949), XM_750181 (protein id XP_755274), XM_750991 (protein id XP_75684), XM_749026 (protein id XP_754119), XM_746162 (protein id XP_751255), XM_742681 (protein id XP_747774), XM_747111 (protein id XP_75224), XM_746209 (protein id XP_75132). These nine ORFs were aligned to...”
- “...intronless nucleotide sequences XM_742067 (protein id XP_747160), XM_741856 (protein id XP_746949) and XM_750181 (protein id XP_755274) named Af1 , Af2 and Af3 respectively, were chosen to be cloned and expressed (Figure 1 ). The enzymes encoded by the selected genes were named BVMO Af1 , BVMO...”
Q84H73 Cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Rhodococcus sp. Phi1
30% identity, 83% coverage
chnB / CAD10801.1 cyclohexanone 1,2-monooxygenase from Xanthobacter flavus (see paper)
29% identity, 81% coverage
6er9A / Q84H73 Crystal structure of cyclohexanone monooxygenase from rhodococcus sp. Phi1 bound to NADP+ (see paper)
30% identity, 82% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (6er9A)
PAMO_THEFY / Q47PU3 Phenylacetone monooxygenase; PAMO; Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.92 from Thermobifida fusca (strain YX) (see 2 papers)
YP_289549 putative monooxygenase from Thermobifida fusca YX
WP_011291921 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Thermobifida fusca YX
30% identity, 89% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters. Is most efficient with phenylacetone as substrate, leading to the formation of benzyl acetate. Can also oxidize other aromatic ketones (benzylacetone, alpha- methylphenylacetone and 4-hydroxyacetophenone), some aliphatic ketones (dodecan-2-one and bicyclohept-2-en-6-one) and sulfides (e.g. methyl 4- tolylsulfide).
catalytic activity: phenylacetone + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = benzyl acetate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:10124)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
subunit: Monomer. - Light-driven biocatalytic oxidation
Yun, Chemical science 2022 - “...temperature, and culture time) Ref. BVMO Phenylacetone monooxygenase (PAMO-P3 variant) from bacterium Thermobifida fusca CP000088 (Q47PU3) E. coli TOP10 cells, TB (terrific broth) medium with 0.1% l -arabinose, 100 g mL 1 carbenicilline, 37 C 11 P450 CYP102A1 (heme domain) from bacterium Bacillus megaterium WP_034650526 (P14779.2)...”
- Metabolism of key atmospheric volatile organic compounds by the marine heterotrophic bacterium Pelagibacter HTCC1062 (SAR11).
Moore, Environmental microbiology 2022 - “...to identify similar sequences in other taxa. These sequences, plus two validated sequences of phenylacetone (Q47PU3) and cyclohexanone (P12015) monooxygenases from SwissProt, and the protein sequence of the acetone monooxygenase from Gordonia sp. TY5 (A1IHE6) were used to construct a phylogenetic tree comparing the relationships of...”
- Regulation of dynamic pigment cell states at single-cell resolution.
Perillo, eLife 2020 - “...Sp-Fmo2-4; EDL39293.1 Mm-Fmo4; NP_001171509 Mm-Fmo6; BAA03745 Mm-Fmo; AAQ94601 Dr-Fmo1; NP_989910 Gg-Fmo3; AAK94940 Dm-Fmo1; AAL27708 Dm-Fmo2; Q47PU3 Gg-Fmo5; NP_001087387 Xl-Fmo5-1; CAD10798 Comamonas_testosteroni. Adult tissues RNA extraction and qPCR RNA from 100 embryos was isolated with the RNeasy Micro kit (Qiagen, Cat#:74004), while RNA from adult tissues was...”
- Discovery of Two Native Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases for Asymmetric Synthesis of Bulky Chiral Sulfoxides
Zhang, Applied and environmental microbiology 2018 (secret) - Cloning and characterization of the Type I Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Leptospira biflexa
Ceccoli, AMB Express 2017 - “...six representative BVMOs belonging to different clades. The partial alignment of PAMO from T. fusca (Q47PU3), CHMO from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 (BAA86293), HAPMO from P. fluorescens ACB (AAK54073), CPMO from Comamonas sp. NCIMB 9872 (BAC22652), CDMO from R. ruber SC1 (AAL14233) and BVMO from L....”
- Prediction of FAD binding sites in electron transport proteins according to efficient radial basis function networks and significant amino acid pairs.
Le, BMC bioinformatics 2016 - “...P97275 Q7WZ62 D0VWY5 O60341 P45954 Q2GBV9 Q7X2H8 O52582 P0A6U3 P47989 Q389T8 Q7ZA32 Q9RSY7 P15651 P49748 Q47PU3 Q8DMN3 Q9UBK8 P19920 P55789 Q52437 Q8X1D8 Q9UKU7 P07872 P09622 Q9HJI4 Q9HKS9 Q9HTK9 Sequence information Sequence information is one of the first features set in predicting the secondary structure of proteins...”
- Cloning, expression, characterization, and biocatalytic investigation of the 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida JD1
Rehdorf, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009 - “...PAMO T. fusca, phenylacetone monooxygenase T. fusca (Q47PU3); HAPMO P. fluorescens ACB, 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase from P. fluorescens ACB (AAK54073);...”
- Cloning, overexpression and biocatalytic exploration of a novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
Mascotti, AMB Express 2013 - “...Af1 (XP_747160), BVMO Af2 (XP_746949) and BVMO Af3 (XP_755274) from A . fumigatus Af293, PAMO (YP_289549) from Thermobifida fusca , CHMO (AAG10021) from Acinetobacter sp., HAPMO (AAK54073) from Pseudomonas fluorescens , CPDMO (BAE93346) from Pseudomonas sp. HI70 and CAMO (AET80001.1) from Cylindrocarpon radicicola . The two...”
- Substitution of a Single Amino Acid Reverses the Regiospecificity of the Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase PntE in the Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Pentalenolactone
Chen, Biochemistry 2016 - “...and PntE. There are 35 amino acid residues in PAMO ( Thermobifida fusca YX, GenBank WP_011291921, AAZ55526), highlighted in Figure S1 with solid green arrows, that are either known to be located within the FAD, NADP or substrate binding sites, or for which mutants of these...”
- “...(GenBank ADI12797.1) from S. bingchenggensis BCW-1, CHMO (GenBank BAH56677) from Rhodococcus sp. HI-31, PAMO (GenBank WP_011291921 or AAZ55526) from Thermobifida fusca YX. Red solid rhombuses, the positions of mutation target amino acids of PntE; Solid green arrows, important amino acids of PAMO, Hollow blue arrows, the...”
CRM90_22685 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium sp. ENV421
30% identity, 85% coverage
CtesDRAFT_PD5437 / B7X4D9 4-sulfoacetophenone monooxygenase from Comamonas testosteroni (strain DSM 14576 / KF-1) (see paper)
29% identity, 85% coverage
1w4xA / Q47PU3 Phenylacetone monooxygenase, a baeyer-villiger monooxygenase (see paper)
30% identity, 90% coverage
- Ligand: flavin-adenine dinucleotide (1w4xA)
A0A2D0WG32 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Acidovorax sp. CHX100 (see paper)
29% identity, 82% coverage
Q84H88 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Arthrobacter sp. (see paper)
28% identity, 79% coverage
chnB / Q9R2F5 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Acinetobacter johnsonii (see 6 papers)
Q9R2F5 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Acinetobacter sp. (see 3 papers)
28% identity, 78% coverage
FRAAL3387 Cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Frankia alni ACN14a
30% identity, 84% coverage
GI|141768 cyclohexanone monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.22 from Acinetobacter sp. (see paper)
P12015 Cyclohexanone 1,2-monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp.
28% identity, 78% coverage
O50641 ketosteroid monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.54) from Rhodococcus rhodochrous (see paper)
30% identity, 85% coverage
C0STX7 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Rhodococcus sp. HI-31 (see 2 papers)
28% identity, 90% coverage
F5CEP3 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Rhodococcus ruber (see paper)
29% identity, 85% coverage
CCSB_ASPCL / A1CLY7 Ketocytochalasin monooxygenase; Carbonate-forming Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; Cytochalasin biosynthesis protein B; EC 1.14.13.- from Aspergillus clavatus (strain ATCC 1007 / CBS 513.65 / DSM 816 / NCTC 3887 / NRRL 1 / QM 1276 / 107) (see 3 papers)
ACLA_078650 cyclohexanone monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus clavatus NRRL 1
32% identity, 64% coverage
- function: Ketocytochalasin monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of a family of the mycotoxins cytochalasins E and K (PubMed:21983160). The hybrid PKS-NRPS synthetase ccsA and the enoyl reductase ccsC are responsible for fusion of phenylalanine with an octaketide backbone and subsequent release of the stable tetramic acid precursor (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:27551732). The polyketide synthase module (PKS) of the PKS-NRPS ccsA is responsible for the synthesis of the octaketide backbone (PubMed:21983160). The downstream nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) amidates the carboxyl end of the octaketide with a phenylalanine (PubMed:21983160). A reductase-like domain (R) at the C-terminus catalyzes the reductive release of the polyketide-amino acid intermediate (PubMed:21983160). Because ccsA lacks a designated enoylreductase (ER) domain, the required activity is provided the enoyl reductase ccsC (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:27551732). Upon formation of the 11-membered carbocycle-fused perhydroisoindolone intermediate, a number of oxidative steps are required to afford the final cytochalasin E and K, including two hydroxylations at C17 and C18, one alcohol oxidation at C17, one epoxidation at C6 and C7 and two Baeyer-Villiger oxidations (PubMed:21983160). The oxidative modification at C17, C18 and the C6-C7 epoxidation are likely to be catalyzed by the two cytochrome P450 oxygenases ccsD and ccsG (PubMed:21983160). CcsD may be responsible for the epoxidation of the C6-C7 double bond (PubMed:21983160). CcsG may be responsible for the successive oxidative modifications at C17 and C18 (PubMed:21983160). The double Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of ketocytochalasin to precytochalasin and cytochalasin Z(16) are among the final steps leading to cytochalasin E and K and are catalyzed by ccsB (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:24838010). The first oxygen insertion step follows that of the classic BVMO mechanism, generating the ester precytochalasin (PubMed:24838010). Release of precytochalasin into an aqueous environment can generate the shunt product iso-precytochalasin through spontaneous isomerization (PubMed:24838010). Alternatively, precytochalasin can undergo further oxidation by ccsB to yield the in- line carbonate-containing cytochalasin Z(16) (PubMed:24838010). Cytochalasin Z(16) is a precursor to cytochalasin E and cytochalasin K, whereas iso-precytochalasin is a precursor to cytochalasin Z(17) and rosellichalasin (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:24838010). The hydrolyase ccsE may catalyze hydrolysis of epoxide bond in cytochalasin E to afford cytochalasin K (PubMed:21983160). The function of ccsF has not been assigned but it may play a role in post-PKS-NRPS biosynthetic step, resistance or transport of cytochalasins and related PKS-NRPS products (PubMed:21983160).
catalytic activity: ketocytochalasin + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = iso-precytochalasin + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:47700)
catalytic activity: iso-precytochalasin + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = cytochalasin Z16 + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:47704)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.) - A carbonate-forming Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase
Hu, Nature chemical biology 2014 - “...and 2 from A. clavatus is centered on a PKS-NRPS megasynthetase CcsA 13 . CcsB (ACLA_078650) is the only predicted FMO in the gene cluster, with moderate sequence identity to well-characterized type I BVMOs 7 ( Supplementary Figs. 6-7 ). CcsB contains the conserved fingerprint motif...”
- Identification and engineering of the cytochalasin gene cluster from Aspergillus clavatus NRRL 1
Qiao, Metabolic engineering 2011 - “...2011 ). Preliminary analysis of the locus containing the PKS-NRPS gene (ACLA_078660) revealed a gene (ACLA_078650) directly downstream that encodes for a putative flavoprotein ( Figure 2A ), which exhibits homology to the well-characterized type I BVMOs cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter sp. and cyclopentanone monoxygenase...”
- “...; Mirza et al., 2009 ). Like all type I BVMOs, the flavoprotein encoded by ACLA_078650 contains the conserved FxGxxxHxxxWP fingerprint motif, which serves as a linker that connects the FAD-binding domain to the NADP-binding domain and is important for the catalysis ( Fraaije et al.,...”
4aosA / O50641 Oxidized steroid monooxygenase bound to NADP (see paper)
30% identity, 85% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (4aosA)
7v4xA / A0A0A8XFY0 Structure of cyclohexanone monooxygenase mutant from acinetobacter calcoaceticus
26% identity, 83% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (7v4xA)
BVMO_PSEBH / A3U3H1 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.- from Pseudooceanicola batsensis (strain ATCC BAA-863 / DSM 15984 / KCTC 12145 / HTCC2597) (Oceanicola batsensis) (see paper)
27% identity, 79% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH as an electron donor. Besides cycloalkanones, can use cyclic alpha,beta- unsaturated ketones as substrates, leading to conjugated ene-lactones. Can also act on methylated cycloalkanones and methylated cycloalkenones with high enantioselectivity in some cases.
cofactor: FAD
Saro_1480 Cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444
29% identity, 79% coverage
XP_002797384 phenylacetone monooxygenase from Paracoccidioides lutzii Pb01
30% identity, 70% coverage
- Immunoproteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Candidate Antigens for the Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis Due to Paracoccidioides lutzii
Rodrigues, Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 - “...Superfamily) 30,945 8.45 14 124 Pl05 XP_002795879 PADG_06906 Triosephosphate isomerase 27,159 5.39 24 408 Pl06 XP_002797384 PADG_03581 Phenylacetone monooxygenase 68,182 5.95 1 33 Pl07 XP_015701261 PADG_00322 Uncharacterized protein (PRTases type I Superfamily) 23,117 5.28 22 186 Pl08 XP_002797532 PADG_07190 Proteasome subunit alpha 29,747 6.36 3 39...”
- “...0.6070 10 3 XP_002795879 XP_010762134 Triosephosphate isomerase Mitochondrial 0.6495 0.7753 11 0.7712 0.7536 13 7 XP_002797384 XP_010759514 Phenylacetone monooxygenase Cytoplasmic 0.8696 0.5354 17 0.8388 0.4979 16 0 XP_015701261 XP_010756299 Uncharacterized protein (PRTases type I Superfamily) Cytoplasmic 0.8444 0.7386 5 0.7880 0.7390 5 1 XP_002797532 XP_010762451 Proteasome...”
PADG_03581, XP_010759514 uncharacterized protein from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb18
29% identity, 71% coverage
- Immunoproteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Candidate Antigens for the Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis Due to Paracoccidioides lutzii
Rodrigues, Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 - “...30,945 8.45 14 124 Pl05 XP_002795879 PADG_06906 Triosephosphate isomerase 27,159 5.39 24 408 Pl06 XP_002797384 PADG_03581 Phenylacetone monooxygenase 68,182 5.95 1 33 Pl07 XP_015701261 PADG_00322 Uncharacterized protein (PRTases type I Superfamily) 23,117 5.28 22 186 Pl08 XP_002797532 PADG_07190 Proteasome subunit alpha 29,747 6.36 3 39 Pl09,...”
- “...10 3 XP_002795879 XP_010762134 Triosephosphate isomerase Mitochondrial 0.6495 0.7753 11 0.7712 0.7536 13 7 XP_002797384 XP_010759514 Phenylacetone monooxygenase Cytoplasmic 0.8696 0.5354 17 0.8388 0.4979 16 0 XP_015701261 XP_010756299 Uncharacterized protein (PRTases type I Superfamily) Cytoplasmic 0.8444 0.7386 5 0.7880 0.7390 5 1 XP_002797532 XP_010762451 Proteasome subunit...”
G8H1L8 cyclohexanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.22) from Ilyonectria destructans (see paper)
26% identity, 89% coverage
MSMEG_0195 steroid monooxygenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155
29% identity, 85% coverage
Q89NI1 Blr3857 protein from Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (strain JCM 10833 / BCRC 13528 / IAM 13628 / NBRC 14792 / USDA 110)
blr3857 blr3857 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110
29% identity, 75% coverage
- Genome mining in Streptomyces avermitilis: A biochemical Baeyer-Villiger reaction and discovery of a new branch of the pentalenolactone family tree
Jiang, Biochemistry 2009 - “...similarity) from Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1; Q1D8E0 (53% identity, 69% similarity) from Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622; Q89NI1 (53% identity, 68% similarity) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110; and Q1T7B5 (cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase, CpdB, 52% identity and 68% similarity) from Pseudomonas sp. HI-70 ( 48 ); as well as A0AD32...”
- Pseudomonad cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase displaying an uncommon spectrum of Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclic ketones
Iwaki, Applied and environmental microbiology 2006 - “...far left column as follows: 1, B. japonicum (Q89NI1); 2, S. avermitilis (Q82IY8); 3, Streptomyces coelicolor (Q9RL17); 4, M. paratuberculosis (Q73U59); 5, R....”
- Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Expression Analysis in Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria under Environmental Stress
Parks, Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 - “...showed more than two times higher gene expression compared to one another. Included are bll0700, blr3857, blr0155, bll0668, bll0904, and bll1162. One potential explanation for this discrepancy could be the physiologically different cellular status when the cells were harvested for RNA isolation. We also postulate that...”
- “...shock protein; blr5230, heat shock protein; blr5231, sigma32-like factor; bll0700, heavy-metal transporting P-type ATP transferase; blr3857, putative monooxygenase; bll2211, copper tolerance protein; bll4854, zinc metallopeptidase; blr0155, two-component response regulator; bll0668, glutathione synthetase; bll0904, two-component response regulator; bll1162, glutathione S-transferase. Error bars represent the standard errors of...”
- Pseudomonad cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase displaying an uncommon spectrum of Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclic ketones
Iwaki, Applied and environmental microbiology 2006 - “...sequences of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 (blr3857; gi 47118316), Streptomyces avermitilis strain MA-4680 (gi 57546753), and Mycobacterium avium...”
cddA cyclododecanone monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.- from Rhodococcus ruber (see paper)
Q938F6 Cyclododecanone monooxygenase from Rhodococcus ruber
30% identity, 69% coverage
3uozA / H3JQW0 Crystal structure of otemo complex with fad and NADP (form 2) (see paper)
27% identity, 82% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (3uozA)
PRHJ_PENBI / A0A1E1FFN7 FAD-binding monooxygenase prhJ; Paraherquonin biosynthesis cluster protein J; EC 1.14.13.- from Penicillium brasilianum (see 2 papers)
29% identity, 64% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of paraherquonin, a meroterpenoid with a unique, highly congested hexacyclic molecular architecture (PubMed:27602587). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA) by the polyketide synthase prhL (By similarity). Synthesis of DMOA is followed by farnesylation by the prenyltransferase prhE, methylesterification by the methyl-transferase prhM, epoxidation of the prenyl chain by the flavin-dependent monooxygenase prhF, and cyclization of the farnesyl moiety by the terpene cyclase prhH, to yield the tetracyclic intermediate, protoaustinoid A (By similarity). The short chain dehydrogenase prhI then oxidizes the C-3 alcohol group of the terpene cyclase product to transform protoaustinoid A into protoaustinoid B (PubMed:27602587). The FAD-binding monooxygenase prhJ catalyzes the oxidation of protoaustinoid B into preaustinoid A which is further oxidized into preaustinoid A1 by FAD-binding monooxygenase phrK (PubMed:27602587). Finally, prhA leads to berkeleydione via the berkeleyone B intermediate (PubMed:27602587, PubMed:29317628). PrhA is a multifunctional dioxygenase that first desaturates at C5-C6 to form berkeleyone B, followed by rearrangement of the A/B-ring to form the cycloheptadiene moiety in berkeleydione (PubMed:27602587, PubMed:29317628). Berkeleydione serves as the key intermediate for the biosynthesis of paraherquonin as well as many other meroterpenoids (Probable). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases prhB, prhD, and prhN, as well as the isomerase prhC, are probably involved in the late stage of paraherquonin biosynthesis, after the production of berkeleydione (Probable). Especially prhC might be a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the D-ring expansion via intramolecular methoxy rearrangement, as well as the hydrolysis of the expanded D-ring (Probable).
catalytic activity: protoaustinoid B + AH2 + O2 = preaustinoid A + A + H2O (RHEA:65180)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
OTEMO_PSEPU / H3JQW0 2-oxo-Delta(3)-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA monooxygenase; OTEMO; (2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA 1,5-monooxygenase; MO2; EC 1.14.13.160 from Pseudomonas putida (Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus) (see 3 papers)
H3JQW0 (2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA 1,5-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.160) from Pseudomonas putida (see 2 papers)
27% identity, 82% coverage
- function: Involved in the degradation of (+)-camphor. Catalyzes the lactonization of 2-oxo-delta(3)-4,5, 5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA (OT-CoA), a key intermediate in the metabolism of camphor. 2- Oxocyclopentyl ethyl acetate is also a good substrate, as is 2- oxocyclohexyl ethyl acetate and methyl-substituted cyclohexanones, but free acid is a poor substrate.
catalytic activity: [(1R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl]acetyl-CoA + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = [(2R)-3,3,4-trimethyl-6-oxo-3,6-dihydro-1H-pyran-2- yl]acetyl-CoA + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:33015)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
subunit: Homodimer. - Discovery of Two Native Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases for Asymmetric Synthesis of Bulky Chiral Sulfoxides
Zhang, Applied and environmental microbiology 2018 (secret)
CMQ_7007, XP_014176168 cyclopentanone monooxygenase from Grosmannia clavigera kw1407
26% identity, 85% coverage
- Disarming the Host: Detoxification of Plant Defense Compounds During Fungal Necrotrophy
Westrick, Frontiers in plant science 2021 - “...S. sclerotiorum SsQDO Quercetinase Extracellular XM_001587370 V. dahliae VdQase Quercetinase Cytoplasmic XM_009653185 Terpenoids G. clavigera CMQ_7007 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176168 G. clavigera CMQ_6956 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176117 Stilbenoids B. Cinerea BcLcc2 Laccase Extracellular XM_001553136 E. polonica EpCDO1 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221039 E. polonica EpCDO2 Catechol dioxygenase...”
- “...Extracellular XM_001587370 V. dahliae VdQase Quercetinase Cytoplasmic XM_009653185 Terpenoids G. clavigera CMQ_7007 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176168 G. clavigera CMQ_6956 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176117 Stilbenoids B. Cinerea BcLcc2 Laccase Extracellular XM_001553136 E. polonica EpCDO1 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221039 E. polonica EpCDO2 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221040 E. polonica...”
- Gene discovery for enzymes involved in limonene modification or utilization by the mountain pine beetle-associated pathogen Grosmannia clavigera
Wang, Applied and environmental microbiology 2014 - “...are as follows: UAMH 11802, CMQ_6956; UAMH 11803, CMQ_7007; UAMH 11804, CMQ_6887; UAMH 11805, CMQ_7009; UAMH 11806, CMQ_4626; and UAMH 11807, CMQ_1732. All the...”
- “...a three-gene cluster in contig 108 (CMQ_6956, CMQ_6887, and CMQ_7007). While this mutant grew well on MEA, it was unable to utilize ()-limonene as a carbon...”
AUSB_PENBI / A0A0F7TXA8 FAD-binding monooxygenase ausB; Austinoid biosynthesis clusters protein B; EC 1.14.13.- from Penicillium brasilianum (see paper)
28% identity, 66% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster A that mediates the biosynthesis of the fungal meroterpenoid acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid by the polyketide synthase ausA (By similarity). 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid is then prenylated by the polyprenyl transferase ausN (By similarity). Further epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase ausM and cyclization by the probable terpene cyclase ausL lead to the formation of protoaustinoid A (By similarity). Protoaustinoid A is then oxidized to spiro-lactone preaustinoid A3 by the combined action of the FAD-binding monooxygenases ausB and ausC, and the dioxygenase ausE (By similarity). Acid-catalyzed keto-rearrangement and ring contraction of the tetraketide portion of preaustinoid A3 by ausJ lead to the formation of preaustinoid A4 (By similarity). The aldo-keto reductase ausK, with the help of ausH, is involved in the next step by transforming preaustinoid A4 into isoaustinone which is in turn hydroxylated by the P450 monooxygenase ausI to form austinolide (By similarity). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausG then modifies austinolide to austinol (By similarity). Austinol is further acetylated to austin by the O- acetyltransferase ausP, which spontaneously changes to dehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase then converts dehydroaustin is into 7-dehydrodehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). The hydroxylation catalyzed by ausR permits the second O-acetyltransferase ausQ to add an additional acetyl group to the molecule, leading to the formation of acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). Due to genetic rearrangements of the clusters and the subsequent loss of some enzymes, the end product of the Penicillium brasilianum austinoid biosynthesis clusters is acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725).
catalytic activity: protoaustinoid A + AH2 + O2 = berkeleyone A + A + H2O (RHEA:65140)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
AUSC_PENBI / A0A0F7TXA5 FAD-binding monooxygenase ausC; Austinoid biosynthesis clusters protein C; EC 1.14.13.- from Penicillium brasilianum (see paper)
29% identity, 70% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster A that mediates the biosynthesis of the fungal meroterpenoid acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid by the polyketide synthase ausA (By similarity). 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid is then prenylated by the polyprenyl transferase ausN (By similarity). Further epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase ausM and cyclization by the probable terpene cyclase ausL lead to the formation of protoaustinoid A (By similarity). Protoaustinoid A is then oxidized to spiro-lactone preaustinoid A3 by the combined action of the FAD-binding monooxygenases ausB and ausC, and the dioxygenase ausE (By similarity). Acid-catalyzed keto-rearrangement and ring contraction of the tetraketide portion of preaustinoid A3 by ausJ lead to the formation of preaustinoid A4 (By similarity). The aldo-keto reductase ausK, with the help of ausH, is involved in the next step by transforming preaustinoid A4 into isoaustinone which is in turn hydroxylated by the P450 monooxygenase ausI to form austinolide (By similarity). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausG then modifies austinolide to austinol (By similarity). Austinol is further acetylated to austin by the O- acetyltransferase ausP, which spontaneously changes to dehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase then converts dehydroaustin is into 7-dehydrodehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). The hydroxylation catalyzed by ausR permits the second O-acetyltransferase ausQ to add an additional acetyl group to the molecule, leading to the formation of acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725). Due to genetic rearrangements of the clusters and the subsequent loss of some enzymes, the end product of the Penicillium brasilianum austinoid biosynthesis clusters is acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:29076725).
catalytic activity: preaustinoid A + AH2 + O2 = preaustinoid A1 + A + H2O (RHEA:65168)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
SAR11_0845 steroid monooxygenase from Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique HTCC1062
26% identity, 82% coverage
- Natural variation in SAR11 marine bacterioplankton genomes inferred from metagenomic data
Wilhelm, Biology direct 2007 - “...5 SAR11_0691 unknown 22 4 SAR11_0796 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1200 16 SAR11_0815 carbonic anhydrase 52 29 SAR11_0845 steroid monooxygenase (ion transport) 307 17 SAR11_0852 homoserine dehydrogenase 102 8 SAR11_0959 unknown 21 5 SAR11_1071 gcn5-related n-acetyltransferase 18 5 SAR11_1144* cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase 754 48 SAR11_1227 adp-ribosylglycohydrolase 80 29 SAR11_1248...”
MAVA5_22565 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis A5
30% identity, 65% coverage
PNTE_STRAE / E3VWI7 Pentalenolactone D synthase; Pentalenolactone biosynthesis protein E; EC 1.14.13.170 from Streptomyces arenae (see paper)
29% identity, 74% coverage
PENIC_PENPA / A0A516F3Z6 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase peniC; Flavin-dependent monooxygenase peniC; Penifulvin A biosynthesis cluster protein C; EC 1.14.13.- from Penicillium patulum (Penicillium griseofulvum) (see paper)
29% identity, 66% coverage
- function: Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of penifulvin A, a potent insecticidal sesquiterpene that features a [5.5.5.6]dioxafenestrane ring (PubMed:30908782). Within the pathway, peniC is responsible for the final regioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of gamma-lactone-2- keto[5.5.5.5]fenestran between C1 and C2 to form the delta-lactone moiety of penifulvin A (PubMed:30908782). The first step of the pathway is performed by the sesquiterpene cyclase peniA that generates the angular triquinane scaffold silphinene via cyclization of the linear farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase peniB and the flavin-dependent monooxygenase peniC then catalyze a series of oxidation reactions to transform silphinene into penifulvin A (PubMed:30908782).
catalytic activity: gamma-lactone-2-keto[5.5.5.5]fenestrane + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = penifulvin A + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:78663)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Abolishes the production of penifulvin A and leads to the accumulation of gamma-lactone-2-keto[5.5.5.5]fenestran.
TRT3_ASPTN / Q0C8A5 FAD-binding monooxygenase trt3; Terretonin synthesis protein 3; EC 1.14.13.- from Aspergillus terreus (strain NIH 2624 / FGSC A1156) (see 5 papers)
28% identity, 65% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of terretonin, a fungal meroterpenoid that acts as a mycotoxin (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:23116177, PubMed:25671343). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA) by the polyketide synthase trt4 (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:23116177). DMOA is then prenylated into farnesyl-DMOA by the polyprenyl transferase trt2 (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:22782788, PubMed:23116177). Methylation by the methyltransferase trt5 then leads to farnesyl-DMOA methyl ester which is further subject to epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase trt8 to yield epoxyfarnesyl-DMOA methyl ester (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:22782788, PubMed:23116177). Cyclization of epoxyfarnesyl-DMOA methyl ester by the terpene cyclase trt1 leads to a tetracycle intermediate which is in turn converted to preterretonin (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:22782788, PubMed:23116177). Dehydrogenase trt9 comes next to transform preterretonin to preterrenoid (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:23116177). The FAD-dependent monooxygenase trt3 is then required for the C- hydroxylation at C16 of preterrenoid to yield terrenoid (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:23116177). The cytochrome P450 trt6 catalyzes three successive oxidations to transform terrenoid into an unstable intermediate, which then undergoes the D-ring expansion and unusual rearrangement of the methoxy group to afford the core skeleton of terretonin (PubMed:25671343, PubMed:28759016). Trt14 catalyzes the D- ring expansion of terretonin involving intramolecular methoxy rearrangement as well as the hydrolysis of the expanded D-ring and the methyl ester moiety (PubMed:25671343, PubMed:28759016). Finally, the nonheme iron-dependent dioxygenase trt7 accomplishes the last two oxidation reactions steps to complete the biosynthesis of terretonin (PubMed:25671343). Terretonin C is produced via spontaneous decarboxylation of the terretonin precursor (PubMed:23116177). Another shunt product of the terretonin biosynthesis is dihydrofarnesyl-DMOA, derived from epoxyfarnesyl-DMOA through hydrolysis of the epoxide (PubMed:22549923, PubMed:22782788, PubMed:23116177).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Impairs the synthesis of terretonin but accumulates preterrenoid (PubMed:23116177).
MAB_2074 Putative monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
47% identity, 35% coverage
- Genetic Evolution of Mycobacterium abscessus Conferring Clarithromycin Resistance during Long-Term Antibiotic Therapy
Li, Canadian respiratory journal 2020 - “...porins MspA-MspA (Mab_1080-Mab_1081) and the upstream of ESX-1 secretion-associated regulator EspR (Mab_0115c). Interestingly, two variants (Mab_2074, Mab_0650-Mab_0651) were simultaneously identified in two subsequent isolates acquiring clarithromycin resistance. 4. Discussion In this study, three paired isogenic isolates of M. abscessus were longitudinally collected from three patients with...”
- Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome and Methylome Profiles of a Smooth and a Rough Mycobacterium abscessus Clinical Strain
Chhotaray, G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 2020 - “...strain ( Table 3 ). Importantly, two genes were observed as truncated ( MAB_2069 and MAB_2074 ) and the other two genes have lost the stop codon ( MAB_0280 and MAB_2073 ) due to SNV in Mab R . Out of 8 SNVs, 6 nsSNVs and...”
- “...22 and 20 nsSNVs were present within the MAB_2100 , MAB_2073 , MAB_2099 , and MAB_2074 respectively. The highest number of nsSNV was found in MAB_2100 encoding putative plasmid replication initiator protein. In addition, nsSNVs were found within genes encoding putative monooxygenase, hypothetical cell division FtsK/SpoIIIE...”
AUSB_EMENI / Q5ATK1 FAD-binding monooxygenase ausB; Austinoid biosynthesis clusters protein B; EC 1.14.13.- from Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) (Aspergillus nidulans) (see 4 papers)
29% identity, 55% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster A that mediates the biosynthesis of austinol and dehydroaustinol, two fungal meroterpenoids (PubMed:22329759). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid by the polyketide synthase ausA (PubMed:22329759). 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid is then prenylated by the polyprenyl transferase ausN (PubMed:22329759). Further epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase ausM and cyclization by the probable terpene cyclase ausL lead to the formation of protoaustinoid A (PubMed:22329759). Protoaustinoid A is then oxidized to spiro-lactone preaustinoid A3 by the combined action of the FAD- binding monooxygenases ausB and ausC, and the dioxygenase ausE (PubMed:22329759, PubMed:23865690). Acid-catalyzed keto-rearrangement and ring contraction of the tetraketide portion of preaustinoid A3 by ausJ lead to the formation of preaustinoid A4 (PubMed:22329759). The aldo-keto reductase ausK, with the help of ausH, is involved in the next step by transforming preaustinoid A4 into isoaustinone which is in turn hydroxylated by the P450 monooxygenase ausI to form austinolide (PubMed:22329759). Finally, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausG modifies austinolide to austinol (PubMed:22329759). Austinol can be further modified to dehydroaustinol which forms a diffusible complex with diorcinol that initiates conidiation (PubMed:22234162, PubMed:22329759). Due to genetic rearrangements of the clusters and the subsequent loss of some enzymes, the end products of the Emericella nidulans austinoid biosynthesis clusters are austinol and dehydroaustinol, even if additional enzymes, such as the O- acetyltransferase ausQ and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausR are still functional (PubMed:29076725).
catalytic activity: protoaustinoid A + AH2 + O2 = berkeleyone A + A + H2O (RHEA:65140)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Impairs the synthesis of austinol and dehydroaustinol and accumulates the intermediate compound protoaustinoid A (PubMed:22329759).
penE / E3VWK3 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate oxygenase (EC 1.14.13.170) from Streptomyces exfoliatus (see paper)
PENE_STREX / E3VWK3 Pentalenolactone D synthase; Pentalenolactone biosynthesis protein E; EC 1.14.13.170 from Streptomyces exfoliatus (Streptomyces hydrogenans) (see paper)
28% identity, 74% coverage
SBI_09676 neopentalenolactone/pentalenolactone D synthase from Streptomyces bingchenggensis BCW-1
30% identity, 70% coverage
HPM7_HYPSB / B3FWS3 FAD-binding monooxygenase hmp7; FMO hmp7; Hypothemycin biosynthesis cluster protein hpm7; EC 1.14.13.- from Hypomyces subiculosus (Nectria subiculosa) (see 10 papers)
28% identity, 77% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of hypothemycin, a resorcylic acid lactone (RAL) that irreversibly inhibits a subset of protein kinases with a conserved cysteine in the ATP binding site such as human ERK2 (PubMed:18567690). The first step is performed by both PKSs hmp3 and hmp8 and leads to the production of 7',8'-dehydrozearalenol (DHZ) (PubMed:18567690, PubMed:20222707). The highly reducing PKS hpm8 synthesizes the reduced hexaketide (7S,11S,2E,8E)-7,11-dihydroxy- dodeca-2,8-dienoate, which is transferred downstream to the non- reducing PKS hpm3 (PubMed:20222707). Hpm3 then extends the reduced hexaketide to a nonaketide, after which regioselective cyclization and macrolactonization affords DHZ (PubMed:20222707). The next step is the conversion of DHZ into aigialomycin C and is performed by the O- methyltransferase hmp5, the FAD-binding monooxygenase hmp7, and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase hmp1 (PubMed:18567690). The wide substrate tolerance of the hmp5 and hmp7 implies that the reactions from DHZ to aigialomycin C can occur in any order (PubMed:18567690). The steps from aigialomycin C to hypothemycin are less well established (PubMed:18567690). The FAD-linked oxidoreductase hmp9 presumably catalyzes oxidation of the C-6' hydroxyl to a ketone (PubMed:18567690). The timing of this oxidation is important, since the resulting enone functional group is a Michael acceptor that can react spontaneously with glutathione, an abundant metabolite in fungal cells (PubMed:18567690). The glutathione S-transferase hmp2 catalyzes cis- trans isomerization of the 7',8' double bond with equilibrium favoring the trans isomer (PubMed:18567690). The hpm6-encoded transporter might preferentially pump hypothemycin out of the cell relative to the trans isomer aigialomycin A. The cis-to-trans isomerization may be coupled with C-4' hydroxylation, since all known hypothemycin analogs containing the enone functional group also have hydroxyl groups at both C-4' and C-5' (PubMed:18567690).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
AUSC_ASPCI / A0A0U5HAQ4 FAD-binding monooxygenase ausC; Austinoid biosynthesis cluster protein C; EC 1.14.13.- from Aspergillus calidoustus (see 2 papers)
29% identity, 67% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of calidodehydroaustin, a fungal meroterpenoid (PubMed:28233494, PubMed:29076725). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid by the polyketide synthase ausA (PubMed:28233494). 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid is then prenylated by the polyprenyl transferase ausN (PubMed:28233494). Further epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase ausM and cyclization by the probable terpene cyclase ausL lead to the formation of protoaustinoid A (By similarity). Protoaustinoid A is then oxidized to spiro-lactone preaustinoid A3 by the combined action of the FAD-binding monooxygenases ausB and ausC, and the dioxygenase ausE (By similarity). Acid-catalyzed keto- rearrangement and ring contraction of the tetraketide portion of preaustinoid A3 by ausJ lead to the formation of preaustinoid A4 (By similarity). The aldo-keto reductase ausK, with the help of ausH, is involved in the next step by transforming preaustinoid A4 into isoaustinone which is in turn hydroxylated by the P450 monooxygenase ausI to form austinolide (By similarity). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausG modifies austinolide to austinol (By similarity). Austinol is further acetylated to austin by the O-acetyltransferase ausP, which spontaneously changes to dehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausR then converts dehydroaustin is into 7-dehydrodehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). The hydroxylation catalyzed by ausR permits the O-acetyltransferase ausQ to add an additional acetyl group to the molecule, leading to the formation of acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). The short chain dehydrogenase ausT catalyzes the reduction of the double bond present between carbon atoms 1 and 2 to convert 7-dehydrodehydroaustin into 1,2-dihydro-7- hydroxydehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). AusQ catalyzes not only an acetylation reaction but also the addition of the PKS ausV diketide product to 1,2-dihydro-7-hydroxydehydroaustin, forming precalidodehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). Finally, the iron/alpha- ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase converts precalidodehydroaustin into calidodehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494).
catalytic activity: preaustinoid A + AH2 + O2 = preaustinoid A1 + A + H2O (RHEA:65168)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
PSOF_ASPFU / Q4WAZ0 Dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF; Pseurotin biosynthesis protein F; EC 1.-.-.-; EC 2.1.1.- from Aspergillus fumigatus (strain ATCC MYA-4609 / CBS 101355 / FGSC A1100 / Af293) (Neosartorya fumigata) (see 2 papers)
AFUA_8G00440, Afu8g00440, XP_747160 steroid monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
26% identity, 47% coverage
- function: Dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of pseurotin A, a competitive inhibitor of chitin synthase and an inducer of nerve-cell proliferation (PubMed:24082142, PubMed:24939566). The PKS-NRPS hybrid synthetase psoA is responsible for the biosynthesis of azaspirene, one of the first intermediates having the 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4,4]-non-2-ene- 4,6-dione core of pseurotin, via condensation of one acetyl-CoA, 4 malonyl-CoA, and a L-phenylalanine molecule (PubMed:24082142, PubMed:24939566). The dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF seems to be involved in the addition of the C3 methyl group onto the pseurotin scaffold (PubMed:24939566). Azaspirene is then converted to synerazol through 4 steps including oxidation of C17 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase psoD, O-methylation of the hydroxy group of C8 by the methyltransferase psoC, and the trans-to-cis isomerization of the C13 olefin by the glutathione S-transferase psoE (PubMed:24939566). The fourth step of synerazol production is performed by the dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF which seems to catalyze the epoxidation of the intermediate deepoxy-synerazol (PubMed:24939566). Synerazol can be attacked by a water molecule nonenzymatically at two different positions to yield two diol products, pseurotin A and pseurotin D (PubMed:24939566).
disruption phenotype: Abolishes the production of pseurotin but leads to the accumulation of demethyl-deepoxy-synerazol (PubMed:24082142, PubMed:24939566). - Exposure to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretome alters the proteome and secondary metabolite production of Aspergillus fumigatus
Margalit, Microbiology (Reading, England) 2022 - “...CuF Gene Protein name Fold change hhtA AFUA_1G17440 (psoC) ftmOx1 AFUA_5G03540 AFUA_2G15290 NRPS14 AFUA_7G04490 AFUA_6G04920 AFUA_8G00440 (psoF) Histone H3 Methyltransferase psoC Verruculogen synthase Thioredoxin reductase, putative DUF636 domain protein Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase 14 Ribosomal protein S28e Formate dehydrogenase Dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF +53.81 +49.55 +44.10 +43.91 +37.79...”
- “...AFUA_1G17440 (psoC) Methyltransferase psoC +49.55 ftmOx1 Verruculogen synthase +44.10 NRPS14 PKS-NRPS hybrid synthetase psoA +24.69 AFUA_8G00440 (psoF) Methyltransferase psoF +18.35 ftmMT 6-Hydroxytryprostatin B O -methyltransferase +11.45 af390-400 O -Methyltransferase af390-400 +7.18 (AFUA_8G00580) psoE Glutathione S -transferase psoE +5.37 af380 Polyketide transferase af380 +4.24 ftmPT1 Tryprostatin B...”
- At the metal-metabolite interface in Aspergillus fumigatus: towards untangling the intersecting roles of zinc and gliotoxin
Traynor, Microbiology (Reading, England) 2021 - “...synthase CysD 1.86178 0.000906 22 56.2 AFUA_5G04250 Dual-functional monooxygenase/ methyltransferase PsoF 1.65219 0.005662 31 43.9 AFUA_8G00440 Methyltransferase PsoC 1.33021 0.002108 42 81.5 AFUA_8G00550 Glutathione S -transferase PsoE 1.16869 0.020172 15 51.1 AFUA_8G00580 Altered zinc-responsiveness in A. fumigatus gtmA From a consistency and comparability perspective, several observed...”
- Aspergillus fumigatus versus Genus Aspergillus: Conservation, Adaptive Evolution and Specific Virulence Genes
Gupta, Microorganisms 2021 - “...Toxins and secondary metabolites Afua_4g14490 tpcJ Putative dihydrogeodin oxidase Afua_8g00370 fma-PKS Fumagillin biosynthesis polyketide synthase Afua_8g00440 Dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase Afua_8g00460 Methionine aminopeptidase type I, putative 1 See Table S9 for the complete list of PSGs in multi-gene family secretory, membrane protein-coding genes and virulence-associated genes (as defined...”
- Phenotypic and Molecular Biological Analysis of Polymycovirus AfuPmV-1M From Aspergillus fumigatus: Reduced Fungal Virulence in a Mouse Infection Model
Takahashi-Nakaguchi, Frontiers in microbiology 2020 - “...putative, AFUA_8G00380 DltD N-terminal domain protein, AFUA_8G00390 O-methyltransferase, putative, AFUA_8G00400 uncharacterized protein, AFUA_8G00430 uncharacterized protein, AFUA_8G00440 steroid monooxygenase, putative, AFUA_8G00480 phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase family protein, AFUA_8G00500 acetate-CoA ligase, putative, AFUA_8G00510 cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase OrdA-like, putative, AFUA_8G00520 fumagillin beta-trans-bergamotene synthase, AFUA_8G00540 non-ribosomal peptide synthetase 14). Conversely, a series...”
- Fumagillin, a Mycotoxin of Aspergillus fumigatus: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, Detection, and Applications
Guruceaga, Toxins 2019 - “...A production [ 28 , 64 ]. On the other hand, the genes Afu8g00430 and Afu8g00440 , are not related to fumagillin production but are also in this cluster. They encode an EthD domain-containing protein and PsoF (pseurotin biosynthesis protein F) respectively and seem to be...”
- “...28 , 64 ] Afu8g00430 Afu8g00430 (EthD domain-containing protein) Q4WAY9 [ 62 , 69 ] Afu8g00440 Afu8g00440 psoF PsoF (Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase/Dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF/Pseurotin biosynthesis protein F) Q4WAZ0 Pseurotin production abolished [ 28 , 62 , 69 , 70 , 71 ] Afu8g00460 Afu8g00460 fpaI (Methionine aminopeptidase)...”
- A possible role for fumagillin in cellular damage during host infection by Aspergillus fumigatus
Guruceaga, Virulence 2018 - “...fumR / fapR 4.28 5.48 5.52 Hypothetical protein Afu8g00430 7.21 9.52 6.97 9.61 Steroid monooxygenase Afu8g00440 psoF 5.22 8.63 4.89 9.05 Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase family protein Afu8g00480 fmaF 4.63 11.24 4.65 11.56 Acetate-CoA ligase Afu8g00500 5.03 9.95 4.68 10.36 Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase OrdA-like Afu8g00510 fmaG 5.87 11.07...”
- Caspofungin exposure alters the core septin AspB interactome of Aspergillus fumigatus
Vargas-Muñiz, Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2017 - “...ID Protein Spectral Count Secondary Metabolism AFUA_8G00540 PsoA PKS-NRPS hybrid synthase 41 AFUA_5G10120 NRPS-Like 3 AFUA_8G00440 PsoF Mono-oxygenase 7 Induced after exposure to antifungal agents AFUA_1G13330 ArpB 4 AFUA_2G03720 Cyp4 3 AFUA_4G10770 PpoA 9 Table 3 Minimum effective concentration of caspofungin and nikkomycin Z on Aspergillus...”
- Regulation of Secondary Metabolism by the Velvet Complex Is Temperature-Responsive in Aspergillus
Lind, G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 2016 - “...Fumagillin Afu8g00370 , Afu8g00380 , Afu8g00390 , Afu8g00400 , Afu8g00410 , Afu8g00420 , Afu8g00430 , Afu8g00440 , Afu8g00460 , Afu8g00470 , Afu8g00480 , Afu8g00490 , Afu8g00500 , Afu8g00510 , Afu8g00520 Lin et al. (2013) Cluster 34 Pseurotin Afu8g00530 , Afu8g00540 , Afu8g00550 , Afu8g00560 , Afu8g00570...”
- More
- Fumagillin, a Mycotoxin of Aspergillus fumigatus: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, Detection, and Applications
Guruceaga, Toxins 2019 - “...62 , 69 ] Afu8g00440 Afu8g00440 psoF PsoF (Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase/Dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF/Pseurotin biosynthesis protein F) Q4WAZ0 Pseurotin production abolished [ 28 , 62 , 69 , 70 , 71 ] Afu8g00460 Afu8g00460 fpaI (Methionine aminopeptidase) Q4WAZ1 [ 28 , 62 ] Afu8g00470 Afu8g00470 af470 fmaE Fma-ABM...”
R1EF40 Putative cyclohexanone monooxygenase protein from Botryosphaeria parva (strain UCR-NP2)
28% identity, 62% coverage
- Unveiling the Secretome of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum Induced by In Vitro Host Mimicry.
Nazar, Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 - “...domain-containing protein R1E8E1 3.6 3.973 11 4.38 10 9 264.43 Extracellular Putative cyclohexanone monooxygenase protein R1EF40 3.7 1.628 2 9.32 10 9 20.921 Extracellular Putative tyrosinase central domain protein R1ERX8 2.4 2.164 9 8.84 10 8 90.821 Extracellular NN h (0.817) Putative FAD FMN-containing dehydrogenase protein...”
- “...parvum (strain UCR-NP2) Putative alpha-mannosidase family R1EYI5 225 Neofusicoccum parvum (strain UCR-NP2) Putative cyclohexanone monooxygenase R1EF40 166 Neofusicoccum parvum (strain UCR-NP2) Putative GDSL-like lipase acylhydrolase R1GK66 154 Neofusicoccum parvum (strain UCR-NP2) Putative alcohol dehydrogenase protein R1EH41 117 Neofusicoccum parvum (strain UCR-NP2) Endo-chitosanase R1GTL6 69 Neofusicoccum parvum...”
MSMEG_5625 cyclododecanone monooxygenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155
29% identity, 65% coverage
- Virus-host protein-protein interactions of mycobacteriophage Giles
Mehla, Scientific reports 2017 - “...non-CUPIN_2 domain gp35 Unknown MSMEG_1130 hypothetical protein 55154 99 26.4 375 66.66 gp47 Putative Repressor MSMEG_5625 Cyclododecanone Monoxygenase 243375 132 21.56 612 50 AMG (but ammonia/methane monooxygenase) AANH_Like superfamily gp47 MSMEG_1245 phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase 42232 190 67.37 282 50 AANH_Like superfamily/PAPS reductase (active sites) gp47 MSMEG_3811...”
CPMO_COMS9 / Q8GAW0 Cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase; CPMO; Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.16 from Comamonas sp. (strain NCIMB 9872) (see 3 papers)
Q8GAW0 cyclopentanone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.16) from Comamonas sp. (see paper)
cpmA / CAD10798.1 cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase from Comamonas testosteroni (see paper)
26% identity, 81% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH as an electron donor. Converts cyclopentanone to 5-valerolactone, a step in the degradation pathway of cyclopentanol. Besides cycloalkanones, can also act on methylated and other alkylated cycloalkanones, and on methylated cycloalkenones, with high enantioselectivity in some cases. Cannot use NADH instead of NADPH.
catalytic activity: cyclopentanone + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 5-valerolactone + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:15737)
cofactor: FAD
subunit: Homotetramer.
disruption phenotype: Cells lacking this gene are not capable of growth on cyclopentanol or cyclopentanone as a sole carbon and energy source. - Expanding the set of rhodococcal Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases by high-throughput cloning, expression and substrate screening
Riebel, Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2012 - “...TY-5 (BAF43791.1); MEKMO , Pseudomonas veronii MEK700 (ABI15711.1); CPMO , Comamonas sp. strain NCIMB 9872 (Q8GAW0) Expression of the putative BVMOs All 22 putative BVMO-encoding genes were cloned into a slightly modified pBAD expression vector (Kamerbeek et al. 2004 ) using a ligation free cloning method....”
- Pseudomonad cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase displaying an uncommon spectrum of Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclic ketones
Iwaki, Applied and environmental microbiology 2006 - “...fusca (1W4X_A); 8, Comamonas sp. strain NCIMB 9872 (Q8GAW0); and 9, Acinetobacter sp. strain NCIMB 9871 (BAA86293). The characters in parentheses are GenBank...”
ACRE_ASPA1 / A0A1L9WQQ1 FAD-binding monooxygenase acrE; Acurin A biosynthesis cluster protein E; EC 1.14.13.- from Aspergillus aculeatus (strain ATCC 16872 / CBS 172.66 / WB 5094) (see paper)
28% identity, 70% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of acurin A, a highly reduced polyketide coupled to a serine via a peptide bond (PubMed:32234543). The activities of the highly reducing polyketide synthase acrA and the nonribosomal peptide synthetase acrB are collectively responsible for the synthesis of the acurin A core structure with a heptaketide backbone produced by acrA covalently fused to a L-serine by acrB (PubMed:32234543). After the formation of the PK-NRP hybrid product, it is detached from acrB by reductive release to set up the formation of the lactam ring by aldol condensation (Probable). The hydrolyase acrC then catalyzes water loss to generate a double bond in the ring (Probable). This double bond is probably reduced, which is followed by three oxidations at C-22 to generate the carboxylic acid moiety, involving probably the FAD-binding monooxygenase acrE and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases acrD and acrF (Probable). Finally, a last methylation step performed by the O- methyltransferase acrG leads to the production of acurin A (Probable).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Abolishes the production of acurin A.
B446_29680 neopentalenolactone/pentalenolactone D synthase from Streptomyces collinus Tu 365
28% identity, 67% coverage
NVFH_ASPN1 / A0A2I1BSU0 Chermesin D/asnovolin J monooxidase nvfH; Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase nvfH; Novofumigatonin biosynthesis cluster protein H; EC 1.14.-.- from Aspergillus novofumigatus (strain IBT 16806) (see paper)
28% identity, 61% coverage
- function: Chermesin D/asnovolin J monooxidase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety (PubMed:29968715). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5- dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA) by the polyketide synthase nvfA via condensation of one acetyl-CoA starter unit with 3 malonyl-CoA units and 2 methylations (PubMed:29968715). DMOA is then converted to farnesyl-DMOA by the farnesyltransferase nvfB (PubMed:29968715). Epoxydation by FAD-dependent monooxygenase nvfK, followed by a protonation-initiated cyclization catalyzed by the terpene cyclase nvfL leads to the production of asnavolin H (PubMed:29968715). The short chain dehydrogenase nvfC then as a 3-OH dehydrogenase of asnovolin H to yield chemesin D (PubMed:29968715). There are two branches to synthesize asnovolin A from chemesin D (PubMed:29968715). In one branch, chemesin D undergoes Baeyer-Villiger oxidation by nvfH, methylation by nvfJ, and enoyl reduction by the nvfM D enoylreductase that reduces the double bond between C-5'and C-6', to form respectively asnovolin I, asnovolin K, and asnovolin A (PubMed:29968715). In the other branch, the methylation precedes the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and the enoyl reduction to yield asnovolin A via the asnovolin J intermediate (PubMed:29968715). Asnovolin A is further converted to fumigatonoid A by the Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase nvfI that catalyzes an endoperoxidation reaction (PubMed:29968715). The alpha/beta hydrolase nvfD then acts as an epimerase that converts fumigatonoid A to its C-5' epimer, which then undergoes spontaneous or nvfD-catalyzed lactonization (PubMed:29968715). The following step utilizes the ketoreductase nvfG to produce fumigatonoid B (PubMed:29968715). The dioxygenase nvfE further converts fumigatonoid B into fumigatonoid C (PubMed:29968715). Finally the Fe(II)/2- oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase nvfF catalyzes two rounds of oxidation to transform fumigatonoid C into the end product, novofumigatonin A (PubMed:29968715).
catalytic activity: chermesin D + AH2 + O2 = asnovolin I + A + H2O (RHEA:67048)
catalytic activity: asnovolin J + AH2 + O2 = asnovolin A + A + H2O (RHEA:67052)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Completely abolishes the production of novofumigatonin, but accumulates asnovolin J.
BVMO_PARL1 / A7HU16 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.- from Parvibaculum lavamentivorans (strain DS-1 / DSM 13023 / NCIMB 13966) (see paper)
28% identity, 82% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH as an electron donor. Besides cycloalkanones, can use cyclic alpha,beta- unsaturated ketones as substrates, leading to enol-lactones. Can also act on methylated cycloalkanones and methylated cycloalkenones with high enantioselectivity in some cases.
cofactor: FAD
ptlE / Q82IY8 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate monooxygenase (neopentalenolactone D producing) (EC 1.14.13.171) from Streptomyces avermitilis (strain ATCC 31267 / DSM 46492 / JCM 5070 / NBRC 14893 / NCIMB 12804 / NRRL 8165 / MA-4680) (see paper)
PTLE_STRAW / Q82IY8 Neopentalenolactone D synthase; Neopentalenolactone biosynthesis protein E; EC 1.14.13.171 from Streptomyces avermitilis (strain ATCC 31267 / DSM 46492 / JCM 5070 / NBRC 14893 / NCIMB 12804 / NRRL 8165 / MA-4680) (see paper)
SAV_2994 monooxygenase from Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680
28% identity, 71% coverage
- function: Catalyzes the flavin-dependent Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenic acid to neopentalenolactone D in the biosynthesis of neopentalenolactone antibiotic.
catalytic activity: 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = neopentalenolactone D + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:34639)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Cells lacking both ptlE and ptlD accumulate 1- deoxy-11-oxopentalenic acid. - Exploration and mining of the bacterial terpenome
Cane, Accounts of chemical research 2012 - “...Scheme 8 ). 54 Unexpectedly, however, incubation of 26 with the flavin-dependent Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase PtlE (SAV_2994) gave the previously unknown metabolite neopentalenolactone D (27 ), an isomer of the expected product pentalenolactone D ( 28 ). 55 We have also established that PtlD (SAV_2995) is an...”
- Pseudomonad cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase displaying an uncommon spectrum of Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclic ketones
Iwaki, Applied and environmental microbiology 2006 - “...follows: 1, B. japonicum (Q89NI1); 2, S. avermitilis (Q82IY8); 3, Streptomyces coelicolor (Q9RL17); 4, M. paratuberculosis (Q73U59); 5, R. ruber (Q938F6); 6, P....”
Q13I90 Cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Paraburkholderia xenovorans (strain LB400)
YP_555549 Putative cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400
25% identity, 83% coverage
6jdkB / A7HU16 Crystal structure of baeyer-villiger monooxygenase from parvibaculum lavamentivorans (see paper)
29% identity, 81% coverage
- Ligands: magnesium ion; flavin-adenine dinucleotide (6jdkB)
VDTE1_BYSSP / A0A443HK11 FAD-binding monooxygenase VdtE; Viriditoxin biosynthesis cluster protein E; EC 1.14.13.- from Byssochlamys spectabilis (Paecilomyces variotii) (see 2 papers)
28% identity, 76% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of viriditoxin, one of the 'classical' secondary metabolites produced by fungi and that has antibacterial activity (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). The first step is performed by the polyketide synthase VdtA which condenses one acetyl- CoA and 6 malonyl-CoA units to form the heptaketide monomer backbone of viriditoxin (PubMed:31304040). The product of VdtA is then O-methylated on C7 by the O-methyltransferase VdtC (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). The O-methyl group is important for the stereoselective coupling of the monomers at the final step of viriditoxin biosynthesis (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). The short- chain dehydrogenase/reductase VdtF then acts as a stereospecific reductase converting the pyrone to dihydropyrone via the reduction of the C3-C4 double bond (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). The FAD- binding monooxygenase VdtE then converts the ketone group into a methyl-ester group to yield semi-viriditoxin (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). Finally, the laccase VdtB is involved in dimerization of 2 semi-viriditoxin molecules to yield the final viriditoxin (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). VdtB is responsible for the regioselective 6,6'-coupling of semi-viriditoxin, which yields (M)- viriditoxin and (P)-viriditoxin at a ratio of 1:2 (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). The non-catalytic carboxylesterase-like protein VdtD affects the stereochemistical outcome of the coupling (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040). The highly reducing polyketide synthase VdtX is not involved in viriditoxin synthesis, but might possibly play a role in the production of additional metabolites not identified yet (PubMed:31045362, PubMed:31304040).
catalytic activity: 9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)-1H- benzo[g]isochromen-1-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = methyl 2-[(3S)-9,10- dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1-oxo-1H,3H,4H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-3-yl]acetate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:62868)
catalytic activity: (3S)-9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)-1H,3H,4H- naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = semiviriditoxin + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:62872)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Impairs the conversion of the ketone group into a methyl-ester group to yield semi-viriditoxin.
PRHK_PENBI / A0A1E1FFN4 FAD-binding monooxygenase prhK; Paraherquonin biosynthesis cluster protein K; EC 1.14.13.- from Penicillium brasilianum (see 2 papers)
29% identity, 68% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of paraherquonin, a meroterpenoid with a unique, highly congested hexacyclic molecular architecture (PubMed:27602587). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA) by the polyketide synthase prhL (By similarity). Synthesis of DMOA is followed by farnesylation by the prenyltransferase prhE, methylesterification by the methyl-transferase prhM, epoxidation of the prenyl chain by the flavin-dependent monooxygenase prhF, and cyclization of the farnesyl moiety by the terpene cyclase prhH, to yield the tetracyclic intermediate, protoaustinoid A (By similarity). The short chain dehydrogenase prhI then oxidizes the C-3 alcohol group of the terpene cyclase product to transform protoaustinoid A into protoaustinoid B (PubMed:27602587). The FAD-binding monooxygenase prhJ catalyzes the oxidation of protoaustinoid B into preaustinoid A which is further oxidized into preaustinoid A1 by FAD-binding monooxygenase phrK (PubMed:27602587). Finally, prhA leads to berkeleydione via the berkeleyone B intermediate (PubMed:27602587, PubMed:29317628). PrhA is a multifunctional dioxygenase that first desaturates at C5-C6 to form berkeleyone B, followed by rearrangement of the A/B-ring to form the cycloheptadiene moiety in berkeleydione (PubMed:27602587, PubMed:29317628). Berkeleydione serves as the key intermediate for the biosynthesis of paraherquonin as well as many other meroterpenoids (Probable). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases prhB, prhD, and prhN, as well as the isomerase prhC, are probably involved in the late stage of paraherquonin biosynthesis, after the production of berkeleydione (Probable). Especially prhC might be a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the D-ring expansion via intramolecular methoxy rearrangement, as well as the hydrolysis of the expanded D-ring (Probable).
catalytic activity: preaustinoid A + AH2 + O2 = preaustinoid A1 + A + H2O (RHEA:65168)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
acmA / A1IHE6 acetone monooxygenase (methylacetate-forming) monomer (EC 1.14.13.226) from Gordonia sp. (strain TY-5) (see paper)
ACMA_GORST / A1IHE6 Acetone monooxygenase (methyl acetate-forming); ACMO; NADPH-dependent acetone monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.226 from Gordonia sp. (strain TY-5) (see 2 papers)
A1IHE6 acetone monooxygenase (methyl acetate-forming) (EC 1.14.13.226) from Gordonia sp. TY-5 (see paper)
27% identity, 89% coverage
- function: Plays an important role in the metabolism of acetone derived from propane oxidation (PubMed:17071761). Catalyzes the oxidation of acetone to methyl acetate (PubMed:17071761, PubMed:30392152). Exhibits high catalytic efficiency towards various linear and cyclic ketones, such as butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 2- decanone, cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone (PubMed:17071761, PubMed:30392152). Elicits the highest catalytic efficiency towards butanone and cyclobutanone (PubMed:30392152). Is highly specific for NADPH and cannot use NADH (PubMed:17071761, PubMed:30392152).
catalytic activity: acetone + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = methyl acetate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:49988)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
subunit: Homotetramer.
C6V83_11880 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Gordonia iterans
26% identity, 82% coverage
AUSC_EMENI / C8VE79 FAD-binding monooxygenase ausC; Austinoid biosynthesis clusters protein C; EC 1.14.13.- from Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) (Aspergillus nidulans) (see 4 papers)
29% identity, 66% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster A that mediates the biosynthesis of austinol and dehydroaustinol, two fungal meroterpenoids (PubMed:22329759). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid by the polyketide synthase ausA (PubMed:22329759). 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid is then prenylated by the polyprenyl transferase ausN (PubMed:22329759). Further epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase ausM and cyclization by the probable terpene cyclase ausL lead to the formation of protoaustinoid A (PubMed:22329759). Protoaustinoid A is then oxidized to spiro-lactone preaustinoid A3 by the combined action of the FAD- binding monooxygenases ausB and ausC, and the dioxygenase ausE (PubMed:22329759, PubMed:23865690). Acid-catalyzed keto-rearrangement and ring contraction of the tetraketide portion of preaustinoid A3 by ausJ lead to the formation of preaustinoid A4 (PubMed:22329759). The aldo-keto reductase ausK, with the help of ausH, is involved in the next step by transforming preaustinoid A4 into isoaustinone which is in turn hydroxylated by the P450 monooxygenase ausI to form austinolide (PubMed:22329759). Finally, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausG modifies austinolide to austinol (PubMed:22329759). Austinol can be further modified to dehydroaustinol which forms a diffusible complex with diorcinol that initiates conidiation (PubMed:22234162, PubMed:22329759). Due to genetic rearrangements of the clusters and the subsequent loss of some enzymes, the end products of the Emericella nidulans austinoid biosynthesis clusters are austinol and dehydroaustinol, even if additional enzymes, such as the O- acetyltransferase ausQ and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausR are still functional (PubMed:29076725).
catalytic activity: preaustinoid A + AH2 + O2 = preaustinoid A1 + A + H2O (RHEA:65168)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Impairs the synthesis of austinol and dehydroaustinol (PubMed:22329759).
andJ / A0A097ZPG2 andiconin monooxygenase from Emericella variicolor (see 2 papers)
ANDJ_EMEVA / A0A097ZPG2 FAD-binding monooxygenase andJ; Anditomin synthesis protein J; EC 1.14.13.- from Emericella variicolor (Aspergillus stellatus) (see paper)
27% identity, 71% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of anditomin, a fungal meroterpenoid (PubMed:25216349). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA) by the polyketide synthase andM (PubMed:25216349). DMOA is then converted to the phthalide compound 5,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylphthalide (DHDMP) by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase andK, which is further prenylated by the prenyltransferase andD to yield farnesyl-DHDMP (PubMed:25216349). Further epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase andE leads to epoxyfarnesyl-DHDMP (PubMed:25216349). The next step involves the terpene cyclase andB that converts epoxyfarnesyl-DHDMP into preandiloid A through opening of the epoxide ring followed by the cyclization of the farnesyl moiety (PubMed:25216349). Preandiloid A is in turn oxidized at the C-3 hydroxyl group to yield preandiloid B by the dehydrogenase andC (PubMed:25216349). The dioxygenase andA is solely responsible for the dehydrogenation of preandiloid B leading to the enone preandiloid C, as well as for the intriguing structural rearrangement to generate the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane core, transforming preandiloid C into andiconin (PubMed:25216349). FAD-binding monooxygenase andJ then produces andilesin D which is reduced by dehydrogenase andI to yield andilesin A (PubMed:25216349). Action of acetyltransferase andG followed by a spontaneous acetate elimination leads then to andilesin B, which is in turn substrate of the short chain dehydrogenase andH to yield andilesin C (PubMed:25216349). Finally, the dioxygenase andF catalyzes the transformation of andilesin C to anditomin (PubMed:25216349).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Impairs the synthesis of anditomin but accumulates andiconin (PubMed:25216349).
BVMO1_STRCO / Q9RL17 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.- from Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145) (see paper)
SCO0300 monooxygenase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
31% identity, 63% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH and/or NADH as an electron donor. Thus, can convert bicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-en-6-one into the oxidative lactone products 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct- 6-en-3-one and 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one. Is also able to catalyze the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide (thioanisole).
cofactor: FAD - Genome mining in Streptomyces avermitilis: A biochemical Baeyer-Villiger reaction and discovery of a new branch of the pentalenolactone family tree
Jiang, Biochemistry 2009 - “...scabies 87.22; B1VPM8 (SGR6949, 48% identity, 60% similarity) from S. griseus IFO 13350; and Q9RL17 (SCO0300, 48% identity, 60% similarity) from S. coelicolor A3(2), all of which retain the conserved BVMO-specific motifs. Significantly, while the majority of known or likely bacterial BVMO enzymes are probably opportunistic...”
- Genome mining in Streptomyces avermitilis: A biochemical Baeyer-Villiger reaction and discovery of a new branch of the pentalenolactone family tree
Jiang, Biochemistry 2009 - “...S. scabies 87.22; B1VPM8 (SGR6949, 48% identity, 60% similarity) from S. griseus IFO 13350; and Q9RL17 (SCO0300, 48% identity, 60% similarity) from S. coelicolor A3(2), all of which retain the conserved BVMO-specific motifs. Significantly, while the majority of known or likely bacterial BVMO enzymes are probably...”
- Pseudomonad cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase displaying an uncommon spectrum of Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclic ketones
Iwaki, Applied and environmental microbiology 2006 - “...2, S. avermitilis (Q82IY8); 3, Streptomyces coelicolor (Q9RL17); 4, M. paratuberculosis (Q73U59); 5, R. ruber (Q938F6); 6, P. fluorescens ACB (AAK54073);...”
CH_124042 putative monooxygenase [Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110] from Magnaporthe grisea 70-15 (see 2 papers)
27% identity, 68% coverage
VDAG_03943 cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase from Verticillium dahliae VdLs.17
26% identity, 77% coverage
- Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression of Verticillium dahliae upon treatment of the cotton root exudates
Zhang, BMC genomics 2020 - “...17 VDAG_03942 Beta-lactamase family protein 3.714124 111.1741 18.61932 8.608223 65.63955 58.8475 0.267788 5.385614 1.313926 18 VDAG_03943 Cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase 3.091277 213.913 27.61544 13.96051 120.0825 92.52951 0.866178 8.16749 2.187358 19 VDAG_04707 Helicase SWR1 81.01633 152.1582 107.6387 110.2411 147.0122 139.7217 137.8717 105.301 132.1303 20 VDAG_05314 N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase 9.774005 25.65614...”
- Whole genome wide expression profiles on germination of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia
Hu, PloS one 2014 - “...P -Value b Chromosome Gene confirmed by qRT-PCR Reference gene length (nt) Up-regulated genes Metabolism VDAG_03943 cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase [ Physcomitrella patens subsp. patens ] 14.9717 9.63E-84 Chr3 Yes 1929 VDAG_05094 FAD binding domain-containing protein [ Selaginella moellendorffii ] 11.8719 2.43E-9 Chr4 1592 VDAG_07040 lipase/esterase 11.1241 1.20E-05...”
- “...R:TACCCTTCCCGGTTGAG 152 63 99.9 VDAG_05553 Fungal Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster domain F:CGAGGAATACGAGACCG R:ATGGAACGCAGACAACG 126 62 102.8 VDAG_03943 Cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase F:AGTCGCCGAGCAAGAGC R:TCCAGTCGTAGTGAAACCC 89 65 97.0 VDAG_07578 FAD binding domain-containing protein F:CGTGCTTTGAGCCGTTCT R:AGTCGGCCACCGTCTTG 69 67 104.9 VDAG_03333 Chitin deacetylase F:ATGGTTGGGAAGAATGGA R:TGGGATGGCTGAATGAGT 112 61 97.7 VDAG_03711 WSC domain-containing protein F:CTCAGTGTTCTTCCTGGTGA...”
5j7xA Baeyer-villiger monooxygenase bvmoafl838 from aspergillus flavus (see paper)
25% identity, 85% coverage
- Ligand: flavin-adenine dinucleotide (5j7xA)
Dshi_2283 monooxygenase from Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12
26% identity, 80% coverage
AC1659_RS22365 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis
28% identity, 82% coverage
BVMO4_DIESD / U5S003 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase 4; BVMO4; EC 1.14.13.- from Dietzia sp. (strain D5) (see paper)
27% identity, 71% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH as an electron donor. Has a broad substrate scope and oxidizes different compounds including substituted and unsubstituted alicyclic, bicyclic-, aliphatic-ketones, ketones with an aromatic moiety, and sulfides. The highest activities are measured for 2- and 3-methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetone, bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one and menthone. Cannot use NADH instead of NADPH. Is not active on benzaldehyde.
cofactor: FAD
5mq6A / G2QA95 Polycyclic ketone monooxygenase from the thermophilic fungus thermothelomyces thermophila (see paper)
26% identity, 72% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadph dihydro-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (5mq6A)
XP_003661890 pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase-like protein from Thermothelomyces thermophilus ATCC 42464
26% identity, 70% coverage
AUSB_ASPCI / A0A0U4ZPL6 FAD-binding monooxygenase ausB; Austinoid biosynthesis cluster protein B; EC 1.14.13.- from Aspergillus calidoustus (see 2 papers)
28% identity, 72% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of calidodehydroaustin, a fungal meroterpenoid (PubMed:28233494, PubMed:29076725). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid by the polyketide synthase ausA (PubMed:28233494). 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid is then prenylated by the polyprenyl transferase ausN (PubMed:28233494). Further epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase ausM and cyclization by the probable terpene cyclase ausL lead to the formation of protoaustinoid A (By similarity). Protoaustinoid A is then oxidized to spiro-lactone preaustinoid A3 by the combined action of the FAD-binding monooxygenases ausB and ausC, and the dioxygenase ausE (By similarity). Acid-catalyzed keto- rearrangement and ring contraction of the tetraketide portion of preaustinoid A3 by ausJ lead to the formation of preaustinoid A4 (By similarity). The aldo-keto reductase ausK, with the help of ausH, is involved in the next step by transforming preaustinoid A4 into isoaustinone which is in turn hydroxylated by the P450 monooxygenase ausI to form austinolide (By similarity). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausG modifies austinolide to austinol (By similarity). Austinol is further acetylated to austin by the O-acetyltransferase ausP, which spontaneously changes to dehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ausR then converts dehydroaustin is into 7-dehydrodehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). The hydroxylation catalyzed by ausR permits the O-acetyltransferase ausQ to add an additional acetyl group to the molecule, leading to the formation of acetoxydehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). The short chain dehydrogenase ausT catalyzes the reduction of the double bond present between carbon atoms 1 and 2 to convert 7-dehydrodehydroaustin into 1,2-dihydro-7- hydroxydehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). AusQ catalyzes not only an acetylation reaction but also the addition of the PKS ausV diketide product to 1,2-dihydro-7-hydroxydehydroaustin, forming precalidodehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494). Finally, the iron/alpha- ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase converts precalidodehydroaustin into calidodehydroaustin (PubMed:28233494).
catalytic activity: protoaustinoid A + AH2 + O2 = berkeleyone A + A + H2O (RHEA:65140)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
W7NFR9 FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain-containing protein from Gibberella moniliformis (strain M3125 / FGSC 7600)
FVEG_13173 hypothetical protein from Fusarium verticillioides 7600
24% identity, 77% coverage
- Transcriptomic Response of Fusarium verticillioides to Variably Inhibitory Environmental Isolates of Streptomyces.
Satterlee, Frontiers in fungal biology 2022 - “...1.704116 2.387658 1.532398 -6.81215 FVEG_12768 n/a W7N4L9 Alcohol oxidase 3.869926 5.486566 5.113842 12.01406 FVEG_13173 n/a W7NFR9 Uncharacterized protein 2.643388 2.968357 2.906794 11.13924 Rows in bold are genes that show the same expression change in response to all Streptomyces strains. n/a, not available. After 2h exposure, the...”
- Transcriptomic Response of Fusarium verticillioides to Variably Inhibitory Environmental Isolates of Streptomyces
Satterlee, Frontiers in fungal biology 2022 - “...is actively competing for nitrogen with F. verticillioides. Two other predicted genes were FVEG_12768 and FVEG_13173 that encode an alcohol oxidase and a dimethylaniline monooxygenase, respectively. The last shared DEG is gene FVEG_11909, currently listed with no known function on FungiDB ( https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/record/gene/FVEG_11909 ) or NCBI...”
- “...Uncharacterized protein 1.704116 2.387658 1.532398 -6.81215 FVEG_12768 n/a W7N4L9 Alcohol oxidase 3.869926 5.486566 5.113842 12.01406 FVEG_13173 n/a W7NFR9 Uncharacterized protein 2.643388 2.968357 2.906794 11.13924 Rows in bold are genes that show the same expression change in response to all Streptomyces strains. n/a, not available. After 2h...”
GGTG_11826 hypothetical protein from Gaeumannomyces tritici R3-111a-1
28% identity, 70% coverage
CMQ_6956, XP_014176117 cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Grosmannia clavigera kw1407
26% identity, 79% coverage
- Disarming the Host: Detoxification of Plant Defense Compounds During Fungal Necrotrophy
Westrick, Frontiers in plant science 2021 - “...dahliae VdQase Quercetinase Cytoplasmic XM_009653185 Terpenoids G. clavigera CMQ_7007 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176168 G. clavigera CMQ_6956 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176117 Stilbenoids B. Cinerea BcLcc2 Laccase Extracellular XM_001553136 E. polonica EpCDO1 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221039 E. polonica EpCDO2 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221040 E. polonica EpCDO3 Catechol dioxygenase...”
- “...XM_009653185 Terpenoids G. clavigera CMQ_7007 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176168 G. clavigera CMQ_6956 BaeyerVilliger monooxygenase Peroxisome XP_014176117 Stilbenoids B. Cinerea BcLcc2 Laccase Extracellular XM_001553136 E. polonica EpCDO1 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221039 E. polonica EpCDO2 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221040 E. polonica EpCDO3 Catechol dioxygenase Cytoplasmic KU221041 E. polonica...”
- Gene discovery for enzymes involved in limonene modification or utilization by the mountain pine beetle-associated pathogen Grosmannia clavigera
Wang, Applied and environmental microbiology 2014 - “...the deposit numbers are as follows: UAMH 11802, CMQ_6956; UAMH 11803, CMQ_7007; UAMH 11804, CMQ_6887; UAMH 11805, CMQ_7009; UAMH 11806, CMQ_4626; and UAMH...”
- “...Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase genes CMQ_ 7007 and CMQ_6956, 3-oxo-carrier protein dehydrogenase reductase gene CMQ_6887, and epoxide hydrolase gene CMQ_...”
Y013_12765 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans SB3094
25% identity, 87% coverage
6y48B / A0A7G5K3Z4 Baeyer-villiger monooxygenase bvmoafl210 from aspergillus flavus in complex with NADP
26% identity, 76% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (6y48B)
FGSG_07642 hypothetical protein from Fusarium graminearum PH-1
28% identity, 73% coverage
GLRG_08997 cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Colletotrichum graminicola M1.001
28% identity, 68% coverage
- New gene models and alternative splicing in the maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola revealed by RNA-Seq analysis
Schliebner, BMC genomics 2014 - “...exons (green bar). E . Insertion of an adenine into the genomic DNA sequence of GLRG_08997 led to frame-shift and premature stop of translation. In the current annotation, the conflict was apparently solved by inserting an intron which could be identified as incorrect. Blue bars indicate...”
- “...algorithm-based gene annotation. For example, an insertion of adenine at nucleotide position 948 of gene GLRG_08997 encoding a cyclohexanone monooxygenase resulted in a frameshift and hence stop of translation. Automated annotation by the Broad Institute led to the incorrect insertion of a short intron in order...”
LOLF2_EPIUN / Q5MNH1 FAD-binding monooxygenase lolF2; Loline biosynthesis cluster 2 protein F; EC 1.14.13.- from Epichloe uncinata (Endophyte fungus) (Neotyphodium uncinatum) (see 7 papers)
24% identity, 82% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of loline alkaloids, potent insecticidal agents composed of a pyrrolizidine ring system and an uncommon ether bridge linking carbons 2 and 7 (PubMed:15654104). Lolines are structurally differentiated by the various modifications of the L-amino group and include norloline, loline, N-methylloline, N-acetylloline, N- acetylnorloline, and N-formylloline (PubMed:15861432, PubMed:25531527). The first committed step is the condensation of O-acetyl-L-homoserine (derived from L-aspartic acid) and L-proline, probably catalyzed by the gamma-type pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP)-dependent enzyme lolC, to give the diamino diacid, NACPP (PubMed:15861432, PubMed:16755627). Ensuing cyclization, decarboxylation, and acetylation steps yield 1-exo- acetamidopyrrolizidine (AcAP) (PubMed:24374065). LolO is required for installation of the ether bridge upon the pathway intermediate, 1-exo- acetamidopyrrolizidine (AcAP) (PubMed:29537853). In sequential 2- oxoglutarate- and O(2)-consuming steps, lolO removes hydrogens from C2 and C7 of AcAP to form both carbon-oxygen bonds in N-acetylnorloline (NANL), the precursor to all other lolines (PubMed:24374065, PubMed:29537853). The enzymes lolD, lolE, lolF and lolT have also been proposed to be involved in the ether-bridge installation (PubMed:15654104). Further processing of the exocyclic moiety of NANL by fungal N-acetamidase (LolN), methyltransferase (LolM), and cytochrome P450 (LolP) enzymes, with occasional involvement of a plant acetyltransferase, generates the other known lolines (PubMed:18655839, PubMed:25531527). LolN transforms NANL to norlonine which is monomethylated and dimethylated to respectively lonine and N- methyllonine (NML) by lolM (PubMed:25531527). LolP catalyzes hydroxylation of the methyl group in N-methylloline (NML) and further oxygenation to N-formylloline (NFL) (PubMed:18655839). A plant acetyltransferase is responsible for the acetylation of loline to form N-acetylloline (NAL) (PubMed:25531527). LolA might interact with aspartate kinase to prevent feedback inhibition of its activity by these end products and thereby promote production of l-homoserine from l-aspartate (PubMed:15654104).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
MAB_0985 Putative monooxygenase EthA from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
26% identity, 72% coverage
DBX28_14785 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
28% identity, 72% coverage
- Integrated Comparative Genomic Analysis and Phenotypic Profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates From Crude Oil
Xu, Frontiers in microbiology 2020 - “...transposases and a possible alkane degradation cluster with a long-chain alkane hydroxylase ( almA , DBX28_14785). A noteworthy plasticity region with an aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (DBX28_20755) was found in RGP11 ( Table 2 ), which might provide competitive advantages for these three strains living in crude-oil...”
- “...possible alkane degradation cluster that contained the genes coding for alkane hydroxylase ( almA , DBX28_14785), SDR family oxidoreductase (DBX28_14685, DBX28_14840), phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase (DBX28_14740, DBX28_14775), NAD(P)/FAD-dependent oxidoreductase (DBX28_14785, DBX28_14815), and NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (DBX28_14795). Almost all the genes in RGP10 were related to metabolism and energy...”
OLMES_5009 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Oleiphilus messinensis
29% identity, 64% coverage
DDF84_RS07215 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Cupriavidus metallidurans
27% identity, 75% coverage
ethA / Q88J44 medium-chain acyclic ketone monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida (strain ATCC 47054 / DSM 6125 / CFBP 8728 / NCIMB 11950 / KT2440) (see 3 papers)
BVMO_PSEPK / Q88J44 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; EC 1.14.13.- from Pseudomonas putida (strain ATCC 47054 / DSM 6125 / CFBP 8728 / NCIMB 11950 / KT2440) (see paper)
PP2805, PP_2805 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
27% identity, 82% coverage
- function: Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e. the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters or lactones using NADPH and/or NADH as an electron donor. Preferentially converts short-chain aliphatic ketones like 2-decanone, 3-decanone and 4-decanone. Some acyclic ketones are converted not only to the alkylacetates, but also methyl- and ethylesters are obtained, indicating insertion of oxygen on both sides of the keto group.
cofactor: FAD - Exploring engineered vesiculation by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for natural product biosynthesis
Bitzenhofer, Microbial biotechnology 2024 - “...six common genes, which were highly up or downregulated compared to the untreated wild type (PP_2805 ( ethA ), PP_2807, PP_3494, PP_3533, PP_0710, and PP_4524; see Figure 4 ), which were thus selected as candidate genes presumably associated with OMV formation. TABLE 1 Overall number of...”
- “...strand) WaaC [NP_742509] PP_0342 ADPheptoseLPS heptosyltransferase Literature, sequence (BLASTp) Downregulation (CRISPRi, NT strand) EthA [NP_744949] PP_2805 FADcontaining monooxygenase Transcriptomics Upregulation (overexpression) PP_2807 [NP_744951] PP_2807 Hypothetical protein Transcriptomics Upregulation (overexpression) Unknown localisation PP_0710 [NP_742871] PP_0710 Hypothetical protein Transcriptomics Downregulation (CRISPRi, NT strand) PP_3494 [NP_745631] PP_3494 Hypothetical protein...”
- Simultaneous catabolite repression between glucose and toluene metabolism in Pseudomonas putida is channeled through different signaling pathways
del, Journal of bacteriology 2007 - “...xylQ xylT PP0210 PP1074 (glpR) PP1897 PP2268 PP2589 PP2805 PP3243 PP3413 PP3717 PP3998 PP4538 PP4983 PP5340 pcaC pcaJ PP3726 (ech) PP5248 PP5255 PP1982 (ibpA)...”
- Engineering of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase-based Escherichia coli biocatalyst for large scale biotransformation of ricinoleic acid into (Z)-11-(heptanoyloxy)undec-9-enoic acid
Seo, Scientific reports 2016 (no snippet)
RPA1496 possible monooxygenase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009
27% identity, 74% coverage
ABO_0282 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
28% identity, 72% coverage
LOLF1_EPIUN / Q5MNI7 FAD-binding monooxygenase lolF1; Loline biosynthesis cluster 1 protein F; EC 1.14.13.- from Epichloe uncinata (Endophyte fungus) (Neotyphodium uncinatum) (see 7 papers)
24% identity, 82% coverage
- function: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of loline alkaloids, potent insecticidal agents composed of a pyrrolizidine ring system and an uncommon ether bridge linking carbons 2 and 7 (PubMed:15654104). Lolines are structurally differentiated by the various modifications of the L-amino group and include norloline, loline, N-methylloline, N-acetylloline, N- acetylnorloline, and N-formylloline (PubMed:15861432, PubMed:25531527). The first committed step is the condensation of O-acetyl-L-homoserine (derived from L-aspartic acid) and L-proline, probably catalyzed by the gamma-type pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP)-dependent enzyme lolC, to give the diamino diacid, NACPP (PubMed:15861432, PubMed:16755627). Ensuing cyclization, decarboxylation, and acetylation steps yield 1-exo- acetamidopyrrolizidine (AcAP) (PubMed:24374065). LolO is required for installation of the ether bridge upon the pathway intermediate, 1-exo- acetamidopyrrolizidine (AcAP) (PubMed:29537853). In sequential 2- oxoglutarate- and O(2)-consuming steps, lolO removes hydrogens from C2 and C7 of AcAP to form both carbon-oxygen bonds in N-acetylnorloline (NANL), the precursor to all other lolines (PubMed:24374065, PubMed:29537853). The enzymes lolD, lolE, lolF and lolT have also been proposed to be involved in the ether-bridge installation (PubMed:15654104). Further processing of the exocyclic moiety of NANL by fungal N-acetamidase (LolN), methyltransferase (LolM), and cytochrome P450 (LolP) enzymes, with occasional involvement of a plant acetyltransferase, generates the other known lolines (PubMed:18655839, PubMed:25531527). LolN transforms NANL to norlonine which is monomethylated and dimethylated to respectively lonine and N- methyllonine (NML) by lolM (PubMed:25531527). LolP catalyzes hydroxylation of the methyl group in N-methylloline (NML) and further oxygenation to N-formylloline (NFL) (PubMed:18655839). A plant acetyltransferase is responsible for the acetylation of loline to form N-acetylloline (NAL) (PubMed:25531527). LolA might interact with aspartate kinase to prevent feedback inhibition of its activity by these end products and thereby promote production of L-homoserine from L-aspartate (PubMed:15654104).
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
MspRI1_05860 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Marinobacter sp. RI1
28% identity, 73% coverage
ABO_0190 monooxygenase, putative from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
26% identity, 83% coverage
D6Z43_RS05660 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. DY-1
27% identity, 74% coverage
GLRG_09749 HK97 family phage prohead protease from Colletotrichum graminicola M1.001
26% identity, 71% coverage
Mb3110 PROBABLE MONOOXYGENASE (HYDROXYLASE) from Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97
28% identity, 76% coverage
PcP3B5_37240 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas citronellolis
26% identity, 79% coverage
mymA / P9WNF7 ethionamide monooxygenase MymA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) (see paper)
MYMA_MYCTU / P9WNF7 Putative FAD-containing monooxygenase MymA; EC 1.14.13.- from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) (see 3 papers)
MRA_RS16390 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra
NP_217599 FAD-containing monooxygenase MymA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
MT3168 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551
Rv3083 PROBABLE MONOOXYGENASE (HYDROXYLASE) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
28% identity, 76% coverage
- function: Required for maintaining the appropriate mycolic acid composition and permeability of the envelope on its exposure to acidic pH.
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Inactivation of the mymA operon causes altered cell wall structure, reduced contents and altered composition of mycolic acids along with the accumulation of saturated C24 and C26 fatty acids, and enhanced susceptibility to antibiotics, detergents and acidic pH. Also impairs ability to survive in macrophages. - Integrated Multi-Omic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Redefines Virulence Attributes
Pinto, Frontiers in microbiology 2018 - “...27.33 8.62 1 1.2 MRA_RS02465 (Rv0470c) pcaA Cyclopropane mycolic acid synthase 27.23 7.65 1.3 1.7 MRA_RS16390 (Rv3083) mymA operon FAD-containing monooxygenase MymA 17.06 3.77 ND ND MRA_RS16395 (Rv3084) lipR Acetylhydrolase 23.29 2.31 0.5 1.3 MRA_RS16400 (Rv3085) Rv3085 Acetoin dehydrogenase 22.18 2.91 0.1 0.5 MRA_RS16405 (Rv3086) adhD...”
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis MymA is a TLR2 agonist that activate macrophages and a TH1 response.
Saraav, Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2017 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein MymA is a TLR2 agonist that upregulates signaling via MyD88 and NF-kappaB in macrophages to stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines
- REMap: Operon map of M. tuberculosis based on RNA sequence data
Pelly, Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2016 - “...MT2505 PE/PPE MT2506-MT2505 MT2506-MT2505 [ 40 ] MT3220- MT3218 Rv3134c/devR/devS MT3220-MT3218 MT3220-MT3218 [ 37 ] MT3168- MT3174 mymA operon MT3168-MT3174 MT3168-MT3174 [ 41 ] MT0960- MT0963 Phosphate transport operon MT0960-MT0963 MT0960-MT0963 [ 42 ] MT3988- MT3989 ESAT-6/CFP10 MT3988-MT3989 MT3988-MT3989 [ 43 ] MT1014- MT1017 Virulence operon...”
- Disseminated TB associated with acute severe malnutrition in a Roma child
Kunč, IJTLD open 2024 - “...However, the strain carried a mutation in the rps A (Pro163Ser) gene and deletion in Rv3083 (1407del) gene, linked to resistance to PZA and ethionamide, whose clinical significance remains unclear. Furthermore, the strain belonged to the Euro-American phylogenetic sublineage 4.8. Legal guardians provided written informed consent...”
- Multi-platform whole genome sequencing for tuberculosis clinical and surveillance applications
Thorpe, Scientific reports 2024 - “...identified were similar across platforms (range: ONT 3510,981 bp; Illumina 2710,983 bp), with those in Rv3083, Rv1258c , eis and thyA covering almost their entire genes. One isolate (S27) had a deleted eis gene. It has been found that overexpression of eis is a leading cause...”
- Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach
CRyPTIC, Nature communications 2024 - “...katG, fabG1, inhA, ahpC, ndh, kasA, Rv1258c, Rv2752c Ethionamide ETH ethA, ethR, fabG1, inhA, mshA, Rv3083, Rv0565c Rifampicin RIF rpoA, rpoB, rpoC, rpoZ, Rv2752c Rifabutin RFB rpoA, rpoB, rpoC, rpoZ, Rv2752c Ethambutol EMB embA, embB, embC, embR, rmlD, iniA, iniC, manB, ubiA Amikacin AMI rrs, eis,...”
- “...). Ethionamide is a prodrug that is activated by the monooxygenases ethA , mymA ( Rv3083 ), and Rv0565c 41 . More variants (135) were associated with increased ethionamide resistance than any other drug, with the majority (103) occurring in ethA . Notably however, most (97/103)...”
- Multi-platform whole genome sequencing for tuberculosis clinical and surveillance applications
Thorpe, 2024 - Transcriptomic profile of the most successful Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in Aragon, the MtZ strain, during exponential and stationary growth phases
Comín, Microbiology spectrum 2023 - “...mycolic acid composition and permeability of the envelope upon exposure to acidic pH, was downregulated. Rv3083 , lipR , and Rv3085 are absent in MtZ as is RD219, characteristic of L4.8 strains. Many transcriptional factors were downregulated in this growth phase: rpfD , mce1R , Rv0195...”
- Lack of methoxy-mycolates characterizes the geographically restricted lineage 7 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Hailu, Microbial genomics 2023 - “...Rv2947c ( pks15 ) S228P Rv2952 R184H Rv2958c F409L Rv2962c E132A VirS/MymA Rv3080c (pknK) L237R Rv3083 (mymA) G13S Rv3084 (lipR) S198X Rv3089 (fadD13) A43S Rv3089 (fadD13) K172T Mycolic acid modification Rv0643c (mmaA3) E263X Fig. 2. (a) Gene cluster Rv0635Rv0647c of M. tuberculosis . This cluster includes...”
- “...]. L7 has predicted functional SNPs in the PknK regulator (Rv3080c), and in the monooxygenase (Rv3083) and Acyl-CoA synthase (Rv3089) proteins of the MymA locus, including a stop codon in LipR (Rv3084), a probable N -acetyl-hydrolase/esterase, leading to a truncation of 110 aa and a likely...”
- Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach
Carter, 2023 - Tuberculosis Severity Predictive Model Using Mtb Variants and Serum Biomarkers in a Colombian Cohort of APTB Patients
Ocampo, Biomedicines 2023 - “...cytokines during Mtb infection [ 54 ]. Also, in this R3 cluster we found the Rv3083 protein, which acts as an agonist of TLR2 and activates macrophages to produce a Th1 immune response [ 55 ]. Interestingly, we also observed a polymorphism in the rpfC gene...”
- “...[ 76 ]. We also found the presence of four polymorphisms in the genes ( rv3083 , rv3084 , rv3085 , and rv3089 ) that compose the mymA operon, which is involved in the remodeling of Mtbs cell envelope under acidic conditions in macrophages [ 77...”
- More
plu4232 No description from Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1
26% identity, 75% coverage
FQ188_17850 NAD(P)/FAD-dependent oxidoreductase from Rhodococcus sp. ANT_H53B
28% identity, 82% coverage
- Genome-Based Insights into the Production of Carotenoids by Antarctic Bacteria, Planococcus sp. ANT_H30 and Rhodococcus sp. ANT_H53B
Styczynski, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 - “...accession numbers: FQ188_09805, FQ188_11165, and FQ188_16180), and monooxygenase (EC: 1.14.13.-) (GenBank accession numbers: FQ188_11040 and FQ188_17850); (iii) fluorobenzoatesusing carboxymethylenebutenolidase (EC: 3.1.1.45) (GenBank accession numbers: FQ188_13875, FQ188_14120, FQ188_15865, and FQ188_18215); (iv) toluene and xyleneusing benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC: 1.2.1.28) (GenBank accession number: FQ188_11010), maleylacetate reductase (EC: 1.3.1.32) (GenBank...”
Bdiaspc4_04660 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens
28% identity, 75% coverage
blr0964 blr0964 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110
28% identity, 75% coverage
XP_746949 flavin-binding monooxygenase, putative from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
28% identity, 72% coverage
- Cloning, overexpression and biocatalytic exploration of a novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
Mascotti, AMB Express 2013 - “...fulfilling these requirements were selected as putative BVMOs, XM_742067 (protein id XP_747160), XM_741856 (protein id XP_746949), XM_750181 (protein id XP_755274), XM_750991 (protein id XP_75684), XM_749026 (protein id XP_754119), XM_746162 (protein id XP_751255), XM_742681 (protein id XP_747774), XM_747111 (protein id XP_75224), XM_746209 (protein id XP_75132). These nine...”
- “...Based on this, the three intronless nucleotide sequences XM_742067 (protein id XP_747160), XM_741856 (protein id XP_746949) and XM_750181 (protein id XP_755274) named Af1 , Af2 and Af3 respectively, were chosen to be cloned and expressed (Figure 1 ). The enzymes encoded by the selected genes were...”
DRB0033 arylesterase/monoxygenase from Deinococcus radiodurans R1
26% identity, 54% coverage
Reut_B5155 Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO:FAD dependent oxidoreductase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134
25% identity, 82% coverage
ALMA_ACIAD / Q6F7T9 Probable FAD-binding monooxygenase AlmA; EC 1.14.13.- from Acinetobacter baylyi (strain ATCC 33305 / BD413 / ADP1) (see paper)
ACIAD3192 putative monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Acinetobacter sp. ADP1
26% identity, 72% coverage
- function: Is able to catalyze the degradation of n-alkanes with C chain lengths of 32 and 36. Probably allows Acinetobacter baylyi strain ADP1 to grow on the long-chain n-alkane dotriacontane (C32H66) as a sole carbon source.
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.) - Identification of novel genes involved in long-chain n-alkane degradation by Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874
Throne-Holst, Applied and environmental microbiology 2007 - “...derivative of pDLM02.1 carrying the ACIAD3192 gene from A. baylyi ADP1, Ampr Kanr Primers...”
- “...walking. The sequence of the Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 ACIAD3192 gene was obtained from GenBank, accession no. NC_005966 (2). Construction of the Acinetobacter...”
MSMEG_2038 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family protein from Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155
28% identity, 64% coverage
Rv0565c PROBABLE MONOOXYGENASE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
27% identity, 74% coverage
- A comparative study of antibiotic resistance patterns in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Serajian, Scientific reports 2025 (no snippet) - Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach
CRyPTIC, Nature communications 2024 - “...fabG1, inhA, ahpC, ndh, kasA, Rv1258c, Rv2752c Ethionamide ETH ethA, ethR, fabG1, inhA, mshA, Rv3083, Rv0565c Rifampicin RIF rpoA, rpoB, rpoC, rpoZ, Rv2752c Rifabutin RFB rpoA, rpoB, rpoC, rpoZ, Rv2752c Ethambutol EMB embA, embB, embC, embR, rmlD, iniA, iniC, manB, ubiA Amikacin AMI rrs, eis, ccsA,...”
- “...a prodrug that is activated by the monooxygenases ethA , mymA ( Rv3083 ), and Rv0565c 41 . More variants (135) were associated with increased ethionamide resistance than any other drug, with the majority (103) occurring in ethA . Notably however, most (97/103) MIC-elevating ethA variants...”
- Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach
Carter, 2023 - Perchlozone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ushtanit, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2023 - “...19 , 20 , 21 ]. Alternatively, it could be activated by the monooxygenases MymA, Rv0565c, and Rv077c [ 22 ]. The activation path by EthA monooxygenase is shared by thioacetazone, ethionamide, and the cross-resistance between these three drugs by loss-of-function mutations at the ethA locus...”
- Challenges & Solutions for Recent Advancements in Multi-Drugs Resistance Tuberculosis: A Review
Yadav, Microbiology insights 2023 - “...synthesis) rrs 16S ribosomal RNA (protein synthesis) gidB (Putative 16S rRNA methyltransferase) ETO or PTO rv0565c Monoxygenase (activation of pro-drugs ETO and PTO) ethA Monooxygenase (activation of ETO and PTO) mymA Monooxygenase (activation of ETO and PTO) katG Catalase-peroxidase (activation of ETO, PTO, INH) inhA EnoyI-ACP...”
- Omics analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates uncovers Rv3094c, an ethionamide metabolism-associated gene
Wan, Communications biology 2023 - “...complex with ethionamide Crystal structures of proteins shown to activate ethionamide (EthA, MymA, Rv0077c, and Rv0565c) have not yet been reported, making it difficult to determine the ethionamide-binding site and unravel the mechanistic details of ethionamide activation. To investigate the mechanism of ethionamide sulfoxygenation by Rv3094c,...”
- “...The ethionamide activation pathway is known to include redundancy; other ethionamide-activating proteins (MymA, Rv0077c, and Rv0565c) have been reported in recent years 37 39 . Given that overexpression of EthA in H37Ra in our MIC testing system led to considerably greater hypersensitivity to ethionamide than overexpression...”
- Bioinformatic Mining and Structure-Activity Profiling of Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tomas, mSphere 2022 - “...bioinformatic analysis that identified six BVMOs in M. tuberculosis , including Rv3083 (MymA), Rv3854c (EthA), Rv0565c, and Rv0892, which were selected for further characterization. Homology modeling and substrate docking analysis, performed on this subset, suggested that Rv0892 is closer to the cyclohexanone BVMO, while Rv0565c and...”
- “...ETH activator) ( 4 ), rv3083 (also known as mymA ) ( 5 ), and rv0565c ( 6 ). EthA and MymA are both type I BVMOs, which means that they both harbor a Rossmann fold and are dependent on flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and...”
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis functional genetic diversity, altered drug sensitivity, and precision medicine
Stanley, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2022 - “...genes that mediate low-level resistance ( Cohen etal., 2020 ). Mutations that impair the monooxygenase Rv0565c are associated with low-level resistance to the second-line antibiotic ethionamide (ETH) ( Hicks etal., 2019 ). Like loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in ald that result in D-cycloserine resistance, Rv0565c mutations are...”
- More
A1S_1133 putative flavin-binding monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
41% identity, 29% coverage
SGRAN_3916 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Sphingopyxis granuli
27% identity, 73% coverage
- Identification of two fnr genes and characterisation of their role in the anaerobic switch in Sphingopyxis granuli strain TFA
González-Flores, Scientific reports 2020 - “..., ccoN , hemN2 , uspA , SGRAN_3802, SGRAN_3843, narU , yhbT , nrdZ , SGRAN_3916 and acdA_2 ) were centred at 41.5 with respect to the transcription initiation sites, with slight displacements in some of them, thus overlapping the 35 region. Therefore, they belong to...”
MSMEG_6440 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family protein from Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155
26% identity, 72% coverage
- Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-Acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Buravchenko, Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 - “...M. smegmatis tfqR4 , in MSMEG_0889 (succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) in M. smegmatis tfqR6 , and in MSMEG_6440 (monooxygenase, flavin-binding family protein) in M. smegmatis tfqR7 . M. smegmatis tfqR1 harbored an SNP in MSMEG_1914, encoding the alternative sigma-factor SigH. Its homolog in M. tuberculosis has been shown...”
- “...mutation led to a higher level of resistance, as compared to those in MSMEG_0889 and MSMEG_6440. 3. Materials and Methods 3.1. Synthesis 3.1.1. Materials and General Methods NMR spectra of all synthesized compounds were recorded on a VXR-400 instrument (Varian, 3100 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA,...”
- Ectopic Expression of Rv0023 Mediates Isoniazid/Ethionamide Tolerance via Altering NADH/NAD+ Levels in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Gupta, Frontiers in microbiology 2020 - “...No changes in the expression levels were observed in inhA (MSMEG_3151), katG (MSMEG_6384), and ethA (MSMEG_6440) between both strains ( Figure 2B ). As ndh encodes NdhII, which oxidizes NADH to NAD + , we reasoned that the ratio of NADH/NAD + might be altered in...”
- Bacterial Genome-Wide Association Identifies Novel Factors That Contribute to Ethionamide and Prothionamide Susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Hicks, mBio 2019 - “...in the environmental mycobacterium M. smegmatis . M. smegmatis contains genes homologous to ethA ( Msmeg_6440 ) and Rv0565c ( Msmeg_2038 ) but no mymA homolog. As expected, deletion of ethA Msmeg dramatically increased bacterial growth on increasing concentrations of ETH. Deletion of Msmeg_2038 did not...”
- Mycobacteriophage SWU1 gp39 can potentiate multiple antibiotics against Mycobacterium via altering the cell wall permeability
Li, Scientific reports 2016 - “...anti-tuberculosis drugs lethality, but few genes were found to be directly involved in antibiotics except MSMEG_6440 ( Rv3854c , ethA), MSMEG_5312 , MSMEG_1420 and MSMEG_5102 ( Table 2 ). ETH is a prodrug, activated by the NADPH-specific flavin ademine dinucleotide-containing monooxygenase EthA ( MSMEG_6440 or Rv3854c...”
- “...compared with WT-pAL. Category Gene ID Fold change Homologs Gene description Drug resistance related genes MSMEG_6440 16.9 Rv3854c monooxygenase, flavin-binding family protein MSMEG_5312 2.59 multidrug ABC transporter ATPase MSMEG_1420 2.42 transcriptional regulatory protein MSMEG_5102 3.22 ABC transporter ATP-binding protein lipid metabolism MSMEG_4324 7.45 Rv2242 MabR, mycolic...”
Q7D9M5 Monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain CDC 1551 / Oshkosh)
27% identity, 74% coverage
TOL_0709 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1
27% identity, 64% coverage
FQ188_11040 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus sp. ANT_H53B
28% identity, 74% coverage
- Genome-Based Insights into the Production of Carotenoids by Antarctic Bacteria, Planococcus sp. ANT_H30 and Rhodococcus sp. ANT_H53B
Styczynski, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 - “...3.5.1.4) (GenBank accession numbers: FQ188_09805, FQ188_11165, and FQ188_16180), and monooxygenase (EC: 1.14.13.-) (GenBank accession numbers: FQ188_11040 and FQ188_17850); (iii) fluorobenzoatesusing carboxymethylenebutenolidase (EC: 3.1.1.45) (GenBank accession numbers: FQ188_13875, FQ188_14120, FQ188_15865, and FQ188_18215); (iv) toluene and xyleneusing benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC: 1.2.1.28) (GenBank accession number: FQ188_11010), maleylacetate reductase (EC:...”
MAB_0103 Probable monooxygenase EthA from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
26% identity, 73% coverage
Reut_B4935 Cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134
24% identity, 78% coverage
EBMC1_03969 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Sphingopyxis sp. MC1
27% identity, 73% coverage
PcP3B5_03500 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas citronellolis
26% identity, 73% coverage
MAB_3967 Monooxygenase EthA, flavin-binding from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
26% identity, 73% coverage
ALMA_ACISP / A5H9N6 Probable FAD-binding monooxygenase AlmA; n-alkane metabolism protein A; EC 1.14.13.- from Acinetobacter sp. (see paper)
almA / ABQ18224.1 AlmA from Acinetobacter sp. DSM 17874 (see paper)
almA / ABQ18226.1 AlmA from Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 = CIP 110063 (see paper)
F959_RS03485 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 = CIP 110063
26% identity, 67% coverage
- function: Is involved in the degradation of n-alkanes with C chain lengths of 32 and longer. Allows Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874 to grow on long-chain n-alkanes such as dotriacontane (C32H66) or hexatriacontane (C36H74) as a sole carbon source.
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Cells lacking this gene can no longer utilize n- alkanes with C chain lengths of 32 and 36, but can still grow with C24, C20, C16 alkanes or acetate as a sole carbon source. - High-quality draft genome sequence of Gaiella occulta isolated from a 150 meter deep mineral water borehole and comparison with the genome sequences of other deep-branching lineages of the phylum Actinobacteria
Severino, MicrobiologyOpen 2019 - “...WP_093115507.1), and NAD(P)/FADdependent oxidoreductase (WP_093116100.1), which shares 47.8% aminoacid sequence identity with Acinetobacter sp. almA (A5H9N6), involved in the degradation of longchain n alkanes (Rojo, 2009 ; Smits, Witholt, & van Beilen, 2003 ; Van Beilen et al., 2002 ). Homologs of T. album alkanedegradation genes...”
- Regulation mechanism of the long-chain <i>n</i>-alkane monooxygenase gene <i>almA</i> in <i>Acinetobacter venetianus</i> RAG-1
Chen, Applied and environmental microbiology 2025 - “...(C 26 C 38 ) in RAG-1 In a previous study, we found that the F959_RS03485 gene ( almA ) was involved in the metabolism of long-chain n -alkanes (C 22 C 38 ) in RAG-1 by testing whether the single and double-deletion mutants grown on...”
ethA / P9WNF9 ethionamide monooxygenase EthA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) (see 7 papers)
ETHA_MYCTU / P9WNF9 FAD-containing monooxygenase EthA; Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase EtaA; BVMO; Prodrug activator EtaA; EC 1.14.13.- from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) (see 4 papers)
ETHA_MYCBO / Q7TVI2 FAD-containing monooxygenase EthA; Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase; BVMO; Prodrug activator EtaA; EC 1.14.13.- from Mycobacterium bovis (strain ATCC BAA-935 / AF2122/97) (see paper)
YP_003033907 monooxygenase ethA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis KZN 1435
NP_218371 monooxygenase EthA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
MT3969 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551
Rv3854c MONOOXYGENASE ETHA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
JTY_3919 monooxygenase from Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Tokyo 172
MT49_RS20315 FAD-containing monooxygenase EthA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis 49-02
27% identity, 72% coverage
- function: Monooxygenase able to convert a wide range of ketones to the corresponding esters or lactones via a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. Can act on long-chain aliphatic ketones (2-hexanone to 2- dodecanone) and on aromatic ketones (phenylacetone and benzylacetone). Is also able to catalyze enantioselective sulfoxidation of methyl-p- tolylsulfide. In vivo, likely functions as a BVMO, but the exact nature of the physiological substrate(s) remains to be established.
function: Is responsible for the activation of several thiocarbamide- containing pro-drugs into cytotoxic species. Thus, catalyzes the oxidation of the antitubercular pro-drug ethionamide (ETH) to the corresponding sulfoxide, which is further oxidized by EthA to 2-ethyl- 4-amidopyridine, presumably via the unstable doubly oxidized sulfinic acid intermediate; the final metabolite 2-ethyl-4-amidopyridine has no antitubercular activity, so the cytotoxic species is a metabolite intermediate formed by EthA. Also oxidizes thiacetazone (TAC), thiobenzamide, and isothionicotinamide and therefore is probably responsible, as suggested by the observation of crossover resistance, for the oxidative activation of these other thioamide antitubercular drugs.
catalytic activity: ethionamide + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = ethionamide S-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:47616)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
subunit: Exists as a mixture of relatively large homooligomers ranging from 200 to 600 kDa.
disruption phenotype: Inactivation of this gene leads to a strong resistance to ETH. - function: Monooxygenase able to convert a wide range of ketones to the corresponding esters or lactones via a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. Can act on long-chain aliphatic ketones (2-hexanone to 2- dodecanone) and on aromatic ketones (phenylacetone and benzylacetone). Is also able to catalyze enantioselective sulfoxidation of methyl-p- tolylsulfide. In vivo, likely functions as a BVMO, but the exact nature of the physiological substrate(s) remains to be established.
function: Is responsible for the activation of several thiocarbamide- containing pro-drugs, such as ethionamide (ETH), isoxyl (ISO) and thiacetazone (TAC), into reactive species.
catalytic activity: ethionamide + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = ethionamide S-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:47616)
cofactor: FAD (Binds 1 FAD per subunit.)
disruption phenotype: Deletion of this gene leads to a strong resistance to ETH, ISO and TAC. - Escherichia coli Overexpressing a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase from Acinetobacter radioresistens Becomes Resistant to Imipenem
Minerdi, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2016 - “...tuberculosis KZN 1435, ethionamide monooxygenase (YP_003033907); EtaA Mycobacterium tuberculosis SUMu001, ethionamide monooxygenase (ZP_07416557.1); EtaA...”
- Identification of a novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Acinetobacter radioresistens: close relationship to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis prodrug activator EtaA
Minerdi, Microbial biotechnology 2012 - “...monooxygenase (NP_218371.1); EtaA M ycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra=ethionamide monooxygenase (YP_001285245.1); EtaA M ycobacterium tuberculosis KZN1435=ethionamide monooxygenase (YP_003033907); EtaA M ycobacterium tuberculosis GM1503=ethionamide monooxygenase (ZP_03534438.1), MtmOIV S treptomyces argillaceus =mithramycin monooxygenase (3FMW_A); (B) Acinetobacter baumannii AB900=terminal alkane1monooxygenase (ZP_04661203.1); Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU=terminal alkane1monooxygenase (YP_001846325.1); Acinetobacter sp. 6013113=alkane1monooxygenase (ZP_06781771.1); Acinetobacter...”
- Whole-Transcriptome and -Genome Analysis of Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates Identifies Downregulation of ethA as a Mechanism of Ethionamide Resistance.
de, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2017 - GeneRIF: Whole-transcriptome and -genome analysis of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates identifies downregulation of ethA as a mechanism of ethionamide resistance.
- Genotypic Analysis of Genes Associated with Independent Resistance and Cross-Resistance to Isoniazid and Ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates.
Rueda, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2015 - GeneRIF: The greatest rate of mutations causing ethionamide resistance were observed in katG, ethA, in mshA.
- Transcriptional Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exposed to In Vitro Lysosomal Stress
Lin, Infection and immunity 2016 - “...MT2401 MT3194 MT3423 MT3424 MT3426 MT3427 MT3849 MT3850 MT3969 Rv0032 Rv0252 Rv0711 Rv1405c Rv1552 Rv1553 Rv1555 Rv1736c Rv1856c Rv2007c Rv2029c Rv2338c Rv3111...”
- The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2745c plays an important role in responding to redox stress
McGillivray, PloS one 2014 - “...1.108 1.405 1.696 1.403 2.645 Intermediary metabolism MT3949 bfrB Rv3841 1.440 1.332 1.177 1.316 2.490 MT3969 ethA Rv3854c 1.173 1.226 1.200 2.297 Cell wall associated MT0870 lpqS hypothetical protein Rv0847 1.258 1.157 1.404 1.273 2.416 MT1379 murI glutamate racemase Rv1338 3.322 2.855 3.729 3.302 9.863 Genes...”
- “...1.483 2.794 Intermediary metabolism MT3949 bfrB ferritin family protein Rv3841 3.178 3.401 1.809 2.796 6.944 MT3969 ethA monooxygenase, flavin-binding family Rv3854c 3.630 2.818 3.209 3.219 9.310 MT3349 rubA rubredoxin Rv3251c 2.793 2.330 2.688 2.604 6.078 MT3348 rubB rubredoxin Rv3250c 2.064 1.773 2.262 2.033 4.093 Cell wall...”
- Discordance Between Phenotypic and WGS-Based Drug Susceptibility Testing Results for Some Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs: A Snapshot Study of Paired Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates with Small Genetic Distance
Sadovska, Infection and drug resistance 2024 - “...two more phenotypically resistant isolate pairs belonging to the SIT42, the Ile338Ser variant at locus Rv3854c ( ethA gene) was simultaneously detected, and its association with Mtb ETO resistance has not yet been clarified. Table 8 Ethionamide Resistance-Conferring Variants, and Comparison with Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing...”
- “...No. of isolates Match/Total No. of isolate pairs No pDST data available (No. of isolates/pairs) Rv3854c ethA 110del Associated with resistance 1 2/4 1/2 768del Associated with resistance (interim) 1/2 0/1 1029del 0/2 0/1 1152del 4/2 1290del No data 190 1/2 0/1 Rv1483 fabG1 C-15T Associated...”
- Universal Lineage-Independent Markers of Multidrug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Hlanze, Microorganisms 2024 - “...and SM Rv0045c Possible hydrolase 83 AM, CM, EMB , MFX, OFX, PTO, and PZA Rv3854c Monooxygenase EthA 337 AM, CM, EMB , OFX, PTO, PZA , and SM Rv0823c Transcriptional regulatory protein 322 AM, CM, EMB , MFX, OFX, PTO, and PZA Rv3919c Glucose-inhibited division...”
- Characteristic SNPs defining the major multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clusters identified by EuSeqMyTB to support routine surveillance, EU/EEA, 2017 to 2019
de, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 2024 - “...histidine kinase TrcS Rv1032c Leu213Leu (ctg/ctA) 29 32 Mainly T (4.8) 4327088_C 2 Monooxygenase EthA Rv3854c Leu129Arg (ctc/cGc) 20 20 Ural (4.2.1) 130881_G 3 NA 16 16 Euro-American (4.6.2) 1485300_G 4 NA 14 15 Mainly T (4.8) 1208477_G 5 Hypothetical protein Rv1084 Ala281Gly (gcg/gGg) 13 15...”
- Whole-genome sequencing-based genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and drug-resistant mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in western Ethiopia
Chekesa, Frontiers in public health 2024 - “...embB Rv3795 4248003 Gln497Arg Missense_variant 1(1.12) Capreomycin tlyA Rv1694 1918647 Asn236Lys Missense_variant 2(2.25) Ethionamide ethA Rv3854c 4326765 708delC Frameshift_variant 2(2.25) Remarkably, one isolate (EN068) presented with mixed infection and multidrug resistance, featuring resistance mutations in the rpoB (Asn437Thr, Ser441Ala, Leu464Met) and katG (Asn218Lys) genes ( Supplementary...”
- Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional repressor EthR inhibitors: Shape-based search and machine learning studies
Chikhale, Heliyon 2024 - “...very well understood for ETH. Besra and Baulard [ 18 ], explained the ETH activator Rv3854c and termed it EthA, it is analogous to the various monooxygenases and induces ETH sensitivity on overexpression in Mycobacteria. Later, Montellano and coworkers established the EtaA as a FAD-containing enzyme...”
- The efflux pumps Rv1877 and Rv0191 play differential roles in the protection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against chemical stress
Sao, Frontiers in microbiology 2024 - “..., rv1520 and monooxygenases ( rv2378c, rv0385 and rv0793 in our study but not specifically rv3854c and rv1393c ) that were found to be downregulated during EI ( Rodriguez et al., 2002 ), were also downregulated in the mutants of our study ( Supplementary Tables S3S5...”
- Insight into Population Structure and Drug Resistance of Pediatric Tuberculosis Strains from China and Russia Gained through Whole-Genome Sequencing
Zhdanova, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...amikacin aftA, embC Rv3792,Rv3793 ethambutol embA Rv3794 ethambutol embB Rv3795 ethambutol ubiA Rv3806c ethambutol ethA Rv3854c ethionamide gid B Rv3919c streptomycin ijms-24-10302-t005_Table 5 Table 5 Performance characteristics of the molecular detection of drug resistance. Drugs Country Sensitivity Specificity PPV Rifampicin Russia 0.89 (0.750.96) 1.00 (0.851.00) 1.00...”
- Drug Degradation Caused by mce3R Mutations Confers Contezolid (MRX-I) Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pi, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2022 (secret) - More
- Novel target and cofactor repertoire for the transcriptional regulator JTY_0672 from <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG
Wang, Frontiers in microbiology 2024 - “...ESX-1 secretion-associated protein EspE 1.5877 JTY_0720 30S ribosomal protein S17 0.42136 JTY_1747 Transmembrane protein 3.0037 JTY_3919 Monooxygenase EthA 1.5871 JTY_2023 Hypothetical protein 1.2117 JTY_0816 Monooxygenase 1.1253 JTY_1752 Hypothetical protein 3.7301 JTY_2008 Universal stress protein 1.6244 JTY_2019 Ferredoxin FdxA 3.1965 JTY_3150 Two component sensor histidine kinase DevS...”
- “...JTY_2044 , JTY_1747 ), while down-regulation occurred in five genes ( JTY_0673 , JTY_3929 , JTY_3919 , JTY_0696 , JTY_3931 ) ( Figure 1C ). These results demonstrated that JTY_0672 can act as an activator as well as a repressor. JTY_0672 bound to the JTY_3148 promoter...”
- Insertion and deletion evolution reflects antibiotics selection pressure in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak
Godfroid, PLoS pathogens 2020 - “...( Table 2 ). (f) Single base-pair deletion in the beginning of the ethA gene (MT49_RS20315, Rv3854c). This deletion occurs at position 110 of the coding sequence (7.5% of the CDS length), which results in a frameshift where the resulting protein is truncated with a length...”
- “...sSNP MT49_RS09595 Rv1843c guaB1 GuaB1 family IMP dehydrogenase-related protein nsSNP MT49_RS12315 Rv2337c hypothetical protein nsSNP MT49_RS20315 Rv3854c ethA FAD-containing monooxygenase EthA ABR-conferring 1bp deletion in mmaA3 sSNP MT49_RS03380 Rv0645c mmaA1 mycolic acid methyltransferase MmaA1 Involved in membrane biogenesis iSNP MT49_RS08155 Rv1535 hypothetical protein IS6110 insertion MT49_RS16445...”
AC1659_RS20515 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis
28% identity, 73% coverage
MAV_RS00840 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Mycobacterium avium 104
26% identity, 72% coverage
C6V83_07075 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Gordonia iterans
26% identity, 80% coverage
ML0065 putative monooxygenase from Mycobacterium leprae TN
26% identity, 73% coverage
AOLE_RS09555 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1
25% identity, 72% coverage
YP_001712414 flavin-binding family monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii AYE
ABUW_0433 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii
26% identity, 67% coverage
ABZJ_03434 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii MDR-ZJ06
26% identity, 67% coverage
- Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii MDR-ZJ06 Revealed by a Multiomics Approach
Hua, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2017 - “...852 384145008 ABZJ_03762 putative short-chain dehydrogenase 6 4 17.24 31854.29 9.26 0.688359 0.000139 539 384144680 ABZJ_03434 flavoprotein 10 7 15.52 55720.24 9.12 0.685088 0.00015 150 384144913 ABZJ_03667 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase 55 17 50.23 45976.96 5.81 0.679784 0.000169 1306 384144561 ABZJ_03315 kinase sensor component of a two component...”
AOLE_RS02255 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1
26% identity, 67% coverage
ABUW_1978 flavin-containing monooxygenase from Acinetobacter baumannii
26% identity, 72% coverage
- Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling of Pellicle and Planktonic Cells from Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Ng, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2023 - “...pathway of aminobenzoate, three DEGs were upregulated: hcaB , vanA, and vanB, while one DEG: ABUW_1978 ( ethA ) was downregulated. For the [ko00625] chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation pathway, ABUW_1624 ( yiaY ) was found upregulated, and ABUW_1150 was downregulated. 2.4.2. Environmental Information Processing Pathways Six...”
- “...biodegradation and metabolism ko00627 Aminobenzoate degradation 2.3840 0.0041 4 8 hcaB , vanA , vanB ABUW_1978 ko00625 Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation 1.3229 0.0475 2 4 ABUW_1624 ABUW_1150 ko00984 Steroid degradation 1.0218 0.0951 1 1 ABUW_2770 - K09109 Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides ko00981 Insect hormone biosynthesis...”
RHA1_ro08998 possible monooxygenase, C-terminal from Rhodococcus sp. RHA1
29% identity, 52% coverage
- Expanding the set of rhodococcal Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases by high-throughput cloning, expression and substrate screening
Riebel, Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2012 - “...frequently in BVMOs at the respective position. By the subsequent frame shift ORF RHA1_ro08999 and RHA1_ro08998 are fused at DNA level encoding a full length Type I BVMO. The insertion was achieved by QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis using the following primers: forward, 5-caccggtttcgggttcctgaactcccccaa-3, and reverse, 5-ttgggggagttcaggaacccgaaaccggtg-3. Expression...”
- “...a BVMO lacking a large part of the C-terminal domain which binds the NADPH coenzyme (RHA1_ro08998). Careful inspection of the sequenced genome revealed that a large part of a C-terminal BVMO sequence (ORF RHA1_ro08999) resides upstream of RHA1_ro08998 in the genome. Sequence analysis revealed that only...”
MAV_0175 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family protein from Mycobacterium avium 104
26% identity, 67% coverage
CC1348 monooxygenase, flavin-binding family from Caulobacter crescentus CB15
27% identity, 67% coverage
- CrfA, a small noncoding RNA regulator of adaptation to carbon starvation in Caulobacter crescentus
Landt, Journal of bacteriology 2010 - “...starvation-induced genesd CC3461 CC3161 CC2804 CC3336 CC1363 CC1348 CC1323 CC0335 CC1774 CC0081 CC1634 CC0945 CC2494 CC0944 CC3338 CC2031 CC2832 CC0991 CC0980...”
- “...all three microarray experiments. For all six genes (CC1348, CC3161, CC2804, CC3336, CC1323, and CC1363), complementarity was detected between CrfA and the...”
- Global regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation in Caulobacter crescentus in response to nutrient availability
England, Journal of bacteriology 2010 - “...dehydrogenase family CC1354 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase CC1348 monooxygenase, flavin binding family CC1849 coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase CC1310...”
Q2U5L3 Flavoprotein involved in K+ transport from Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40)
27% identity, 63% coverage
aurF / I1RF61 rubrofusarin monooxygenase from Gibberella zeae (strain ATCC MYA-4620 / CBS 123657 / FGSC 9075 / NRRL 31084 / PH-1) (see 4 papers)
AURF_GIBZE / I1RF61 Monooxygenase aurF; Aurofusarin biosynthesis cluster protein F; Gibberella pigment protein 8; EC 1.-.-.- from Gibberella zeae (strain ATCC MYA-4620 / CBS 123657 / FGSC 9075 / NRRL 31084 / PH-1) (Wheat head blight fungus) (Fusarium graminearum) (see 6 papers)
FGSG_02327 hypothetical protein from Fusarium graminearum PH-1
29% identity, 64% coverage
- function: Monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of aurofusarin, a red mycelium pigment which is acting as a mycotoxin (PubMed:15809006, PubMed:15811992, PubMed:16879655). The first step is performed by the polyketide synthase which condenses one acetyl-CoA and 6 malonyl-CoA units to form the first intermediate, the cyclic heptaketide and yellow pigment YWA1 (PubMed:21296881, PubMed:23557488). The C2 hydroxyl group in the pyrone ring of YWA1 is probably formed during ring closure by an aldol-type cyclization reaction (PubMed:21296881). The dehydratase aurZ then acts as the first tailoring enzyme in the aurofusarin biosynthetic pathway by converting YWA1 to nor-rubrofusarin (PubMed:21296881, PubMed:23557488). Nor- rubrofusarin is then methylated to rubrofusarin by the O- methyltransferase aurJ (PubMed:21296881, PubMed:23557488). Rubrofusarin is then transported across the plasma membrane by the rubrofusarin- specific pump aurT for further enzymatic processing by the extracellular complex composed of GIP1, aurF, aurO and aurS to yield aurofusarin (PubMed:21296881).
cofactor: FAD
subunit: Might be part of an extracellular enzyme complex composed of GIP1, aurF, aurO and aurS (PubMed:21296881).
disruption phenotype: Impairs autofusarin biosynthesis and leads to a yellow pigmentation via accumulation of the intermediate rubrofusarin (PubMed:16879655). - Enhancing the Production of the Fungal Pigment Aurofusarin in Fusarium graminearum.
Westphal, Toxins 2018 - “...YWA1 10.8 FG02325 AurZ I1RF59 Dehydratase 4.6 FG02326 AurJ I1RF60 O -methyltransferase 8.4 FG02327 AurF I1RF61 Monooxygenase 11.2 FG02328 Gip1 I1RF62 Cu-oxidase 7.9 FG02329 AurS I1RF63 Fasciclin-like domain containing protein FG02330 AurL2 1 I1RF64 Cu-oxidase 1 Is not required for aurofusarin production. toxins-10-00485-t002_Table 2 Table 2...”
- The Non-Histone Protein FgNhp6 Is Involved in the Regulation of the Development, DON Biosynthesis, and Virulence of Fusarium graminearum
Cao, Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 2024 - “...GIP1 FGSG_02328 3.36 3.06 [ 41 ] AurJ FGSG_02326 3.34 2.90 [ 41 ] AurF FGSG_02327 3.36 3.49 [ 41 ] PKS12 FGSG_02324 4.18 4.45 [ 41 ] Transporters FGSG_08308 2.11 2.15 [ 42 ] FGSG_08309 2.79 2.61 [ 42 ] FGSG_08749 2.42 3.10 [ 43...”
- Low Molecular Weight and High Deacetylation Degree Chitosan Batch Alleviates Pathogenesis, Toxin Accumulation, and Fusarium Gene Regulation in Barley Leaf Pathosystem
Poznanski, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...17,036- and 36,843-fold up-regulations of the multicopper oxidase (FGSG_02328) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) protein (FGSG_02327), respectively, were a strong response against chitosan CS_10 treatment ( Figure 10 , Supplementary Table S2 ). Up-regulation of superoxide dismutases (Cu-Zn) in Fg corresponds to the elimination of ROS...”
- The Transcription Factor FgAtrR Regulates Asexual and Sexual Development, Virulence, and DON Production and Contributes to Intrinsic Resistance to Azole Fungicides in Fusarium graminearum
Zhao, Biology 2022 - “...GIP6/AurZ FGSG_02325 6.62 [ 74 ] GIP7/AurJ FGSG_02326 5.62 [ 69 , 70 ] GIP8/AurF FGSG_02327 5.88 [ 69 , 76 ] GIP1 FGSG_02328 5.05 [ 70 , 75 ] ABC transporter ZRA1 FGSG_02139 4.11 [ 77 ] FgABC1 FGSG_10995 3.15 [ 78 ] FGSG_08312 2.16...”
- Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot
Naeem, Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...these genes were listed as FGSG_02324 , FGSG_09512 , FGSG_02202 , FGSG_07558 , FGSG_07500 , FGSG_02327 , FGSG_03120 , FGSG_06397 , FGSG_06596 , FGSG_02925 , involved in transport and catabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, lipid transport and metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism and some functionally unknown....”
- FgHtf1 Regulates Global Gene Expression towards Aerial Mycelium and Conidiophore Formation in the Cereal Fungal Pathogen Fusarium graminearum
Fan, Applied and environmental microbiology 2020 (secret) - Thioredoxin Reductase Is Involved in Development and Pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum
Fan, Frontiers in microbiology 2019 - “...levels of aurofusarin biosynthesis-related genes FgAurJ ( FGSG_02326 ), FgAurO ( FGSG_02321 ), FgAurF ( FGSG_02327 ), FgPKS12 ( FGSG_12040 ), Fggip1 ( FGSG_02328 ), and Fggip2 ( FGSG_02320 ). The GAPDH gene was used as an internal control. Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference ( P...”
- RNA-Seq Revealed Differences in Transcriptomes between 3ADON and 15ADON Populations of Fusarium graminearum In Vitro and In Planta
Puri, PloS one 2016 - “...O-methyltransferase that catalyse the methylation of nor-rubrofusarin resulting in formation of rubrofusarin aurJ 10.4 .. FGSG_02327 48HAI Flavin depend monooxygenase that catalyses the oxidation of rubrofusarin to 9-hydroxyrubrofusarin aurF 10.2 .. FGSG_02328 48HAI Laccase that catalyse the dimerization of two 9-hydroxyrubrofusarin in C7 positions gip1 7.9...”
- Acetohydroxyacid synthase FgIlv2 and FgIlv6 are involved in BCAA biosynthesis, mycelial and conidial morphogenesis, and full virulence in Fusarium graminearum
Liu, Scientific reports 2015 - “...0.2620.03 0.5040.09 AurJ FGSG_02326 conserved hypothetical protein (O-methyltransferase: converts nor-rubrofusarin into rubrofusarin) 0.6660.04 0.2000.02 AurF FGSG_02327 conserved hypothetical protein (Monooxygenase: converts rubrofusarin into 9-hydroxyrubrofusarin) 0.5710.05 0.1860.04 AurR2 FGSG_02323 hypothetical protein similar to AurR2 0.4150.06 0.2790.01 * The relative expression of each red pigment biosynthetic gene in...”
FGSG_06539 hypothetical protein from Fusarium graminearum PH-1
31% identity, 39% coverage
Q0CZE7 FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain-containing protein from Aspergillus terreus (strain NIH 2624 / FGSC A1156)
31% identity, 39% coverage
Q2TXY9 Flavin-binding monooxygenase-like protein from Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40)
31% identity, 39% coverage
RHA1_ro08999 possible monooxygenase, N-terminal from Rhodococcus sp. RHA1
38% identity, 25% coverage
- Expanding the set of rhodococcal Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases by high-throughput cloning, expression and substrate screening
Riebel, Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2012 - “...a nucleotide (C) at position 621. In this way, the stop codon of the ORF RHA1_ro08999, encoding a putative N-terminal domain of a Type I BVMO, was changed into a codon for leucine. This amino acid was found most frequently in BVMOs at the respective position....”
- “...of the sequenced genome revealed that a large part of a C-terminal BVMO sequence (ORF RHA1_ro08999) resides upstream of RHA1_ro08998 in the genome. Sequence analysis revealed that only one nucleotide was missing to create a gene encoding a full length BVMO, fusing both these open reading...”
AFUA_6G14280 flavin-binding monooxygenase-like protein from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293
Q4WLA0 Flavin-binding monooxygenase-like protein from Aspergillus fumigatus (strain ATCC MYA-4609 / CBS 101355 / FGSC A1100 / Af293)
30% identity, 39% coverage
Q7SA31 FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain-containing protein from Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987)
NCU07332 hypothetical protein from Neurospora crassa OR74A
28% identity, 41% coverage
- Secreted fungal sulfhydryl oxidases: sequence analysis and characterisation of a representative flavin-dependent enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae.
Faccio, BMC biochemistry 2010 - “...Sordariaceae N. crassa [Swiss-Prot: Q7SA02 ] predicted 627 22 12.7 -- Sordariaceae N. crassa [Swiss-Prot: Q7SA31 ] putative 538 27 12.3 -- Sordariaceae N. crassa [Swiss-Prot: Q7SAD4 ] predicted 589 19 12.9 -- Tremellaceae C. neoformans [Swiss-Prot: Q55JR2 ] putative 346 21 23.3 CIFC Trichocomaceae A....”
- Quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying phenotypic variation in bioethanol-related processes in Neurospora crassa
Waters, PloS one 2020 - “...(NCU00717). Markers Nc-M2879 on LG IV and Nc-M4092 on LG VI lie within hypothetical proteins (NCU07332 and NCU05646 respectively), while marker Nc-M4866 on LG VII lies within an intergenic region. 10.1371/journal.pone.0221737.g003 Fig 3 QTL analysis of fermentation of glucose to ethanol by the N6 population. Composite...”
- Light-regulated promoters for tunable, temporal, and affordable control of fungal gene expression
Fuller, Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2018 - “...alcohol dehydrogenase 2.7 NCU04823 - - - AN8628 X NCU08402 AFUA_6G14280 flavin-binding monooxygenase-like protein 2.6 NCU07332 BCG1_03037 - - AN5338 X AFUA_7G05730 hypothetical protein 2.6 NCU04946 - - - AN10847 X AFUA_7G00170 dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase GliD1 2.5 - - - - - X AFUA_3G11550 LEA domain...”
- Transcription factor CCG-8 as a new regulator in the adaptation to antifungal azole stress
Sun, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2014 - “...supplemental material), and transcriptional levels for 8 (NCU07332, NCU00999, NCU07454, NCU02579, NCU01219, NCU04334, NCU04720, and NCU04923) of the 427 genes...”
Q2H2I0 FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain-containing protein from Chaetomium globosum (strain ATCC 6205 / CBS 148.51 / DSM 1962 / NBRC 6347 / NRRL 1970)
30% identity, 39% coverage
MAB_2075 Putative monooxygenase from Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
26% identity, 53% coverage
Rv0943c PROBABLE MONOOXYGENASE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
33% identity, 36% coverage
- A sister lineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex discovered in the African Great Lakes region
Ngabonziza, Nature communications 2020 - “...same nucleotide position in all but 6 of these genomes, resulting in the truncation of rv0943c and rv0944 genes as seen in the complete MTBC genomes (Fig. 4 ). Consistent with the clonal evolution of the MTBC with negligible, if any, horizontal gene transfer between strains...”
- “...3 strains from lineage 3 that showed slightly larger deletions, including the 5 region of rv0943c or the 5 region of rv0943c , rv0944 and the 5 region of rv0945 , respectively, suggesting probable additional deletion events in particular sub-branches of these lineages. Fig. 4 Differential...”
- Critical Role of Zur and SmtB in Zinc Homeostasis of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Goethe, mSystems 2020 - “...MSMEG_5117 Rv1188 (68.3) MAP2592c (71.6) <0.0001 11.75 Proline dehydrogenase MSMEG_5418 <0.0001 4.46 Iron permease MSMEG_5549 Rv0943c (51.0) MAP0887c (71.9) <0.0001 4.63 Hypothetical protein MSMEG_6237 <0.0001 11.22 Hypothetical protein MSMEG_6242 <0.0001 4.64 Alcohol dehydrogenase oxidative stress MSMEG_6292 MAP1027c (41.9) <0.0001 4.53 Transcription elongation factor GreA MSMEG_6664 <0.0001...”
- Phylogenetic analysis of vitamin B12-related metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Young, Frontiers in molecular biosciences 2015 - “...-like ancestor, along with two further genes and N- and C-terminal portions of flanking genes Rv0943c and Rv0944 (Supply et al., 2013 ). While this may not entirely ablate B12 biosynthesis [it has been suggested that alternative methyltransferases might partially compensate for the loss of CobF...”
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transcriptome Profiling in Mice with Genetically Different Susceptibility to Tuberculosis
Skvortsov, Acta naturae 2013 - “...cysE, gdh, gabT, miaA, ilvC, guaB2, cyp142, hsaD, Rv0089, Rv0331, aspC, hemA, Rv0567, atsA, gltA2, Rv0943c, Rv1096, Rv1106c, narH, thrB, hisB, ilvG, rocD1, plcB, phoH1, ggtB, lepA, Rv2499c, dapF, purU, kstD, folP1 IMaR intermediary metabolism and respiration end, fusA1, polA, lysX, helZ, spoU, ppiB, thrS, Rv3201c...”
LOC103966087 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 from Pyrus x bretschneideri
23% identity, 70% coverage
fmo-4 / CAE46113.1 flavin monooxygenase from Caenorhabditis elegans (see paper)
24% identity, 60% coverage
YUC1_ARATH / Q9SZY8 Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1; Flavin-containing monooxygenase YUCCA1; EC 1.14.13.168 from Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) (see 9 papers)
Q9SZY8 indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.168) from Arabidopsis thaliana (see paper)
NP_194980 Flavin-binding monooxygenase family protein from Arabidopsis thaliana
AT4G32540 YUC1 (YUCCA 1); FAD binding / NADP or NADPH binding / flavin-containing monooxygenase/ oxidoreductase from Arabidopsis thaliana
23% identity, 70% coverage
- function: Involved in auxin biosynthesis, but not in the tryptamine or the CYP79B2/B3 branches. Catalyzes in vitro the N-oxidation of tryptamine to form N-hydroxyl tryptamine. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots.
catalytic activity: indole-3-pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = (indol-3-yl)acetate + CO2 + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:34331)
cofactor: FAD
disruption phenotype: No visible phenotype, due to the redundancy with the other members of the YUCCA family. - The viral suppressor HCPro decreases DNA methylation and activates auxin biosynthesis genes.
Yang, Virology 2020 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: The viral suppressor HCPro decreases DNA methylation and activates auxin biosynthesis genes.
- Integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis uncovers molecular regulators of aerial stem-to-rhizome transition in the medical herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Yang, BMC genomics 2019 - “..., and red arrows indicate putative proteins in G. pentaphyllum . Accession numbers: AtYUCCA1, number: NP_194980; AtYUCCA2, number: NP_193062; AtYUCCA3, number: NP_171955; AtYUCCA4, number: NP_196693; AtYUCCA5, number: NP_199202; AtYUCCA6, number: NP_001190399; AtYUCCA7, number: NP_180881; AtYUCCA8, number: NP_194601; AtYUCCA9, number: NP_171914; AtYUCCA10, number: NP_175321; AtYUCCA11, number: NP_173564;...”
- Bioinformatics Analysis of Phylogeny and Transcription of TAA/YUC Auxin Biosynthetic Genes.
Poulet, International journal of molecular sciences 2017 - GeneRIF: Data show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored YUC proteins can mainly be found in roots, while cytosolic proteins are more abundant in the shoot.
- Distinct Characteristics of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Phenylacetic Acid, Two Common Auxins in Plants.
Sugawara, Plant & cell physiology 2015 - GeneRIF: The induction of the YUCCA (YUC) genes increases Phenylacetic acid (PAA) metabolite levels in Arabidopsis, indicating that YUC flavin-containing monooxygenases may play a role in PAA biosynthesis.
- Small-molecule auxin inhibitors that target YUCCA are powerful tools for studying auxin function.
Kakei, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2015 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Studies indicate that YUCCA, a flavin-containing monooxygenase (YUC), catalyzes the last step of conversion from indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA) to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
- Yucasin is a potent inhibitor of YUCCA, a key enzyme in auxin biosynthesis.
Nishimura, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2014 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Yucasin is a potent inhibitor of YUC enzymes that offers an effective tool for analyzing the contribution of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis via the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) pathway to plant development and physiological processes.
- Induction of somatic embryos in Arabidopsis requires local YUCCA expression mediated by the down-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis.
Bai, Molecular plant 2013 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: YUCCAs (YUCs) encoding key enzymes in auxin biosynthesis are required for somatic embryo induction
- Auxin promotes susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae via a mechanism independent of suppression of salicylic acid-mediated defenses.
Mutka, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2013 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Data indicate that mature YUCCA 1 (YUC1) auxin biosynthesis gene overexpressing plants have elevated auxin levels and enhanced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae strain DC3000.
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- RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED Has Both Canonical and Noncanonical Regulatory Functions During Thermo-Morphogenic Responses in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Hamid, Plant, cell & environment 2025 - “...2 (ORC2): At2g37560; CDKB1;1: At3g54180; CYCD3;1: At4g34160; CYCA3;1: At5g43080; PIF4: At2g43010; PIF7: At5g61270; YUCCA1 (YUC1): At4g32540; YUCCA2 (YUC2): At4g13260; YUCCA8 (YUC8): At4g28720; YUCCA9 (YUC9): At1g04180; TIR1: At3g62980; HY5: At5g11260. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting information Supplemental Figure S1. The RBR...”
- On the cutting edge of development: laser-assisted microdissection of the Arabidopsis gynoecium reveals tissue-specific gene expression patterns
Lanctot, Plant physiology 2024 - “...AT1G70940 TRN2 Gramene: AT5G46700 TRN2 Araport: AT5G46700 REM1 Gramene: AT4G31610 REM1 Araport: AT4G31610 YUC1 Gramene: AT4G32540 YUC1 Araport: AT4G32540 WOX1 Gramene: AT3G18010 WOX1 Araport: AT3G18010 WOX12 Gramene: AT5G17810 WOX12 Araport: AT5G17810 fruit AmiGo: PO:0009001 SHP2 Gramene: AT2G42830 SHP2 Araport: AT2G42830 References Guillotin B , Birnbaum KD...”
- Exogenous application of the apocarotenoid retinaldehyde negatively regulates auxin-mediated root growth
Xu, Plant physiology 2024 - “...AT4G17870 ; SLR, AT4G14550 ; SUR2, AT4G31500 ; WEI2, AT5G05730 ; WEI7, AT1G25220 ; YUC1, AT4G32540 ; YUC2, AT4G13260 ; YUC3, AT1G04610 ; YUC4, AT5G11320 ; YUC5, AT5G43890 ; YUC6, AT5G25620 ; YUC7, AT2G33230 ; YUC8, AT4G28720 ; YUC9, AT1G04180 ; YUC10, AT1G48910 ; YUC11, AT1G21430...”
- Current Advances in the Functional Diversity and Mechanisms Underlying Endophyte-Plant Interactions
Zhao, Microorganisms 2024 - “...159 ]. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at these two significant loci are located between YUC-1 (AT4G32540), which is involved in auxin biosynthesis, and LEUNIG (AT4G32551), which is associated with leaf and flower organ development. Notably, there is a significant overlap between the root-colonized microbial community regulated...”
- Unlocking the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Bud Outgrowth: Advances in Understanding Shoot Branching
Yuan, Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 2023 - “...] AXR1 AT1G05180 Arabidopsis a subunit of the RUB1 activating enzyme [ 34 ] YUCCA AT4G32540 Arabidopsis A flavin monooxygenase-like enzyme, auxin biosynthesis [ 35 ] PIN1 Os02g0743400 Rice a n auxin transporter [ 36 ] OsPIN5b Os09g0505400 Rice a n auxin transporter [ 37 ]...”
- Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Regeneration from Differentiated Cells: Approaches from Historical Tissue Culture Systems
Morinaka, Plant & cell physiology 2023 - “...MYB3R1 AT4G32730 Protoplast culture Sakamoto etal. (2022) MYB3R4 AT5G11510 Protoplast culture Sakamoto etal. (2022) YUC1 AT4G32540 Protoplast culture Sakamoto etal. (2022) Table 2 Reprogramming from differentiated cells in various plant species highlighted in this review. Species Original tissues Regenerated organs References N. tabacum Epidermis A whole...”
- Annotation of the Turnera subulata (Passifloraceae) Draft Genome Reveals the S-Locus Evolved after the Divergence of Turneroideae from Passifloroideae in a Stepwise Manner
Henning, Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 2023 - “...AtYUC6 (AT5G25620) showed a tendency towards higher expression in the stamen, while homologs of AtYUC1 (AT4G32540) and AtYUC4 (AT5G11320) showed a tendency towards higher expression in the pistil. We used RT-qPCR to test hypotheses generated from previous analyses ( Figure 8 ). For this analysis, we...”
- Significance of NatB-mediated N-terminal acetylation of auxin biosynthetic enzymes in maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Liu, Communications biology 2022 - “...genes mentioned in this study are CKRC3/TCU2 (AT5G58450), NBC (AT1G03150), CKRC1/TAA1 (AT1G70560), SUR2 (AT4G31500), YUC1 (AT4G32540), YUC2 (AT4G13260), YUC5 (AT5G43890), YUC6 (AT5G25620), CKRC2/YUC8 (AT4G28720), YUC9 (AT1G04180), YUC10 (AT1G48910), YUC11 (AT1G21430), CYP79B2 (AT4G39950), and CYP79B3 (AT2G22330). Reporting summary Further information on research design is available in the...”
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LOC103962018 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 from Pyrus x bretschneideri
22% identity, 70% coverage
- CPPU may induce gibberellin-independent parthenocarpy associated with PbRR9 in 'Dangshansu' pear
Cong, Horticulture research 2020 - “...key enzyme in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. According to the RNA sequencing results, only PbYUCCA4 (LOC103962018) was upregulated five-fold in both the CPPU-alone and PAC-supplemented CPPU treatment groups (Fig. 5c ; Supplementary Table S 6 ). In addition, two transcripts (LOC103960710 and LOC103966087) were significantly upregulated...”
- “...9 ). In addition, the only YUCCA gene upregulated in both CPPU treatments was YUCCAA4 (LOC103962018) (Fig. 5c ; Supplementary Table S 6 ). PbRR9 , PbYUCCA4 , and PbNCED6 were therefore selected to further evaluate the mechanism of CPPU-induced parthenocarpy. According to the qRT-PCR results,...”
LOC106761746 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 from Vigna radiata var. radiata
22% identity, 71% coverage
- MINI BODY1, encoding a MATE/DTX family transporter, affects plant architecture in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Li, Frontiers in plant science 2022 - “...the shoot buds between WT and mib1 mutants, three auxin biosynthesis genes ( LOC106761734 , LOC106761746 , and LOC106764471 , YUCCA 4 , YUC4 ) and a gene encoding auxin transporter ( LOC106760087 , PIN-FORMED 1C , PIN1C ) were downregulated ( Figure8C ). Several transcription...”
YUC4_ARATH / Q9LFM5 Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4; Flavin-containing monooxygenase YUCCA4; EC 1.14.13.168 from Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) (see 8 papers)
Q9LFM5 indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.168) from Arabidopsis thaliana (see paper)
NP_196693 Flavin-binding monooxygenase family protein from Arabidopsis thaliana
AT5G11320 YUC4 (YUCCA4); monooxygenase/ oxidoreductase from Arabidopsis thaliana
24% identity, 70% coverage
- function: Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Both isoforms are catalitically active. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots.
catalytic activity: indole-3-pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = (indol-3-yl)acetate + CO2 + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:34331)
cofactor: FAD
disruption phenotype: No visible phenotype, due to the redundancy with the other members of the YUCCA family. - Integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis uncovers molecular regulators of aerial stem-to-rhizome transition in the medical herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Yang, BMC genomics 2019 - “...pentaphyllum . Accession numbers: AtYUCCA1, number: NP_194980; AtYUCCA2, number: NP_193062; AtYUCCA3, number: NP_171955; AtYUCCA4, number: NP_196693; AtYUCCA5, number: NP_199202; AtYUCCA6, number: NP_001190399; AtYUCCA7, number: NP_180881; AtYUCCA8, number: NP_194601; AtYUCCA9, number: NP_171914; AtYUCCA10, number: NP_175321; AtYUCCA11, number: NP_173564; AtLAZY1, number: NP_196913; AtLAZY2, number: NP_173183; AtLAZY3, number: NP_001117313;...”
- Chromatin-mediated feed-forward auxin biosynthesis in floral meristem determinacy.
Yamaguchi, Nature communications 2018 - GeneRIF: The feed-forward YUC4 activation by AG and CRC directs a precise change in chromatin state for the shift from floral stem cell maintenance to gynoecium formation.
- FUSCA3 interacting with LEAFY COTYLEDON2 controls lateral root formation through regulating YUCCA4 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Tang, The New phytologist 2017 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) was identified as an interacting factor of FUS3, and demonstrated that these two homologous B3 transcription factors interact to bind to the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA4 (YUC4) and synergistically activate its transcription during lateral roots formation.
- Alternative splicing of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA4 determines its subcellular compartmentation.
Kriechbaumer, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2012 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Data show the differential localization of YUCCA4 (At5g11320) alternative splice variants to the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytosol, which depends on tissue-specific splicing.
- YUCCA genes are expressed in response to leaf adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition and are required for leaf margin development.
Wang, Plant physiology 2011 - GeneRIF: Expressions of YUCs in the leaf respond to the adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition, and that the activities of auxin mediate leaf margin development, which subsequently promotes blade outgrowth.
- Comparative gene expression profile analysis of ovules provides insights into Jatropha curcas L. ovule development
Xu, Scientific reports 2019 - “...F1) (Arabidopsis thaliana) Q70E96 0.625 c26913_g1 YUCCA2 (Arabidopsis thaliana) Q9SVQ1 2.025 c28407_g1 YUCCA4 (Arabidopsis thaliana) Q9LFM5 0.937 Gibberellins c15206_g1 Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 2 (Pisum sativum) Q9XHM5 2.105 2.100 c25340_g1 Ent-kaurene oxidase (Arabidopsis thaliana) Q93ZB2 0.749 1.394 2.109 1.469 c28071_g1 Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase 1 (Arabidopsis thaliana) O23051 0.558...”
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promotes cluster root formation of white lupin under low phosphorus by mediating auxin levels
Yang, Plant physiology 2025 (no snippet) - The roles of epigenetic regulators in plant regeneration: Exploring patterns amidst complex conditions
Li, Plant physiology 2024 - “...AT5G64610 ATX2 Gramene: AT1G05830 ATX2 Araport: AT1G05830 ATX1 Gramene: AT2G31650 ATX1 Araport: AT2G31650 YUC4 Gramene: AT5G11320 YUC4 Araport: AT5G11320 plt1 Gramene: AT3G20840 plt1 Araport: AT3G20840 PLT2 Gramene: AT1G51190 PLT2 Araport: AT1G51190 Esr1 Gramene: Zm00001d027820 Esr1 Araport: Zm00001d027820 SHR Gramene: AT4G37650 SHR Araport: AT4G37650 CYCB1;1 Gramene: AT4G37490...”
- Exogenous application of the apocarotenoid retinaldehyde negatively regulates auxin-mediated root growth
Xu, Plant physiology 2024 - “...AT5G05730 ; WEI7, AT1G25220 ; YUC1, AT4G32540 ; YUC2, AT4G13260 ; YUC3, AT1G04610 ; YUC4, AT5G11320 ; YUC5, AT5G43890 ; YUC6, AT5G25620 ; YUC7, AT2G33230 ; YUC8, AT4G28720 ; YUC9, AT1G04180 ; YUC10, AT1G48910 ; YUC11, AT1G21430 ; PSY protein ( A. thaliana ), AAB65697 ;...”
- Global gene regulatory network underlying miR165a in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem
Sinha, Scientific reports 2023 - “...1 (PIN1) Auxin efflux carrier AT4G31620 REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEM 36 (REM36) AT4G25810 XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE 6 (XTR6) AT5G11320 YUCCA4 (YUC4) Part of a pathway linking auxin biosynthesis Log2FC>1 and adjusted p-value<0.05 were used as a criteria for DEG consideration. Among the miR165a domain enriched genes, plant development related...”
- Annotation of the Turnera subulata (Passifloraceae) Draft Genome Reveals the S-Locus Evolved after the Divergence of Turneroideae from Passifloroideae in a Stepwise Manner
Henning, Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 2023 - “...a tendency towards higher expression in the stamen, while homologs of AtYUC1 (AT4G32540) and AtYUC4 (AT5G11320) showed a tendency towards higher expression in the pistil. We used RT-qPCR to test hypotheses generated from previous analyses ( Figure 8 ). For this analysis, we compared results with...”
- BnERF114.A1, a Rapeseed Gene Encoding APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR, Regulates Plant Architecture through Auxin Accumulation in the Apex in Arabidopsis
Lyu, International journal of molecular sciences 2022 - “...of four YUCCA genes ( AtYUCCA1 [ At4g32540 ], AtYUCCA2 [ At4g13260 ], AtYUCCA4 [ At5g11320 ], and AtYUCCA6 [ At5g25620 ]); the expression level AtYUCCA1 in the wild-type (WT) being set as a unit. ( B ) relative expression levels of eight PIN family genes...”
- Jasmonic Acid-Dependent MYC Transcription Factors Bind to a Tandem G-Box Motif in the YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 Promoters to Regulate Biotic Stress Responses
Pérez-Alonso, International journal of molecular sciences 2021 - “...gene accession numbers: At4g32450 ( YUC1 ), At4g13260 ( YUC2 ), At1g04610 ( YUC3 ), At5g11320 ( YUC4 ), At5g43890 ( YUC5 ), At5g25620 ( YUC6 ), At2g33230 ( YUC7 ), At4g28720 ( YUC8 ), At1g04180 ( YUC9 ), At1g48910 ( YUC10 ), At1g21430 ( YUC11...”
- “...) YUC2 , At4g13260; ( C ) YUC3 , At1g04610; ( D ) YUC4 , At5g11320; ( E ) YUC5 , At5g43890; ( F ) YUC6 , At5g25620; ( G ) YUC7 , At2g33230; ( H ) YUC8 , At4g28720; ( I ) YUC9 , At1g04180;...”
- The Diverse Salt-Stress Response of Arabidopsis ctr1-1 and ein2-1Ethylene Signaling Mutants Is Linked to Altered Root Auxin Homeostasis
Vaseva, Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...TAA1 At1g70560 ; TAR1 At1g23320 ; TAR2 At4g24670 , and YUC1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11 : At4g32540, At4g13260, At1g04610, At5g11320, At5g43890, At5g25620, At2g33230, At4g28720, At1g04180, At1g48910, At1g21430 ) and transporter coding genes ( PIN1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8: At1g73590, At5g57090, At1g70940, At2g01420, At5g16530, At1g77110, At1g23080, At5g15100; AUX1/LAX1/2/3: At2g38120, At5g01240, At2g21050, At1g77690; ABCB1/4/19: At2g36910, At2g47000,...”
- “...TAA1 (At1g70560), TAR1 (At1g23320), TAR2 (At4g24670) and YUC1-11 (resp. At4g32540 , At4g13260 , At1g04610 , At5g11320 , At5g43890 , At5g25620 , At2g33230 , At4g28720 , At1g04180 , At1g48910 , At1g21430 ), and Table S2: TF DeCON in silico screen of the auxin transport genes PIN1, PIN2,...”
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8odwA / A0A0C5VQJ2 Crystal structure of lbma ox-acp didomain in complex with NADP and ethyl glycinate from the lobatamide pks (gynuella sunshinyii) (see paper)
27% identity, 33% coverage
- Ligands: flavin-adenine dinucleotide; nadp nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate; ethyl glycinate (8odwA)
LOC109161643 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA3 from Ipomoea nil
22% identity, 66% coverage
LOC115702268 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 from Cannabis sativa
22% identity, 70% coverage
Q6ZZY9 Flavin-containing monooxygenase from Takifugu rubripes
24% identity, 61% coverage
bmp5 / F2K079 4-hydroxybenzoate brominase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.14.19.55) from Marinomonas mediterranea (strain ATCC 700492 / JCM 21426 / NBRC 103028 / MMB-1) (see 2 papers)
BMP5_MARM1 / F2K079 4-hydroxybenzoate brominase (decarboxylating); Decarboxylating-brominase flavoenzyme Bmp5; EC 1.14.19.55 from Marinomonas mediterranea (strain ATCC 700492 / JCM 21426 / NBRC 103028 / MMB-1) (see paper)
22% identity, 64% coverage
- function: Brominase involved in the biosynthesis of polybrominated aromatic organic compounds (PubMed:25061970). Catalyzes the bromination of 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA) to 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzoate, followed by bromination and decarboxylation of 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzoate to 2,4- dibromophenol (PubMed:25061970). Can also use 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, with lower efficiency, forming 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate and 3,5- dibromobenzene-1,2-diol (PubMed:25061970).
catalytic activity: 2 bromide + 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 + 5 H(+) = 2,4- dibromophenol + CO2 + 2 NADP(+) + 4 H2O (RHEA:56348)
catalytic activity: bromide + 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + O2 + 2 H(+) = 3-bromo-4- hydroxybenzoate + NADP(+) + 2 H2O (RHEA:56352)
catalytic activity: 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + bromide + NADPH + O2 + 3 H(+) = 2,4-dibromophenol + CO2 + NADP(+) + 2 H2O (RHEA:56356)
catalytic activity: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + 2 bromide + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 + 5 H(+) = 3,5-dibromobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2 + 2 NADP(+) + 4 H2O (RHEA:56368)
catalytic activity: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + bromide + NADPH + O2 + 2 H(+) = 3- bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP(+) + 2 H2O (RHEA:56372)
catalytic activity: 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate + bromide + NADPH + O2 + 3 H(+) = 3,5-dibromobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2 + NADP(+) + 2 H2O (RHEA:56376)
cofactor: FAD
SCO0122 flavin-containing monooxygenase (putative secreted protein) from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
24% identity, 83% coverage
pno / D6CHF2 pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase (EC 1.14.13.101) from Apantesis nevadensis geneura (see paper)
D6CHF2 senecionine N-oxygenase (EC 1.14.13.101) from Apantesis nevadensis geneura (see paper)
pno / CBI83748.1 pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase precursor from Apantesis nevadensis geneura (see paper)
26% identity, 37% coverage
sno1 / Q8MP06 senecionine N-oxygenase (EC 1.14.13.101) from Tyria jacobaeae (see paper)
SNO1_TYRJA / Q8MP06 Senecionine N-oxygenase; SNO; EC 1.14.13.101 from Tyria jacobaeae (Cinnabar moth) (see 2 papers)
Q8MP06 senecionine N-oxygenase (EC 1.14.13.101) from Tyria jacobaeae (see 2 papers)
sno1 / CAD12369.1 senecionine N-oxygenase from Tyria jacobaeae (see paper)
28% identity, 37% coverage
- function: NADPH-dependent monooxygenase that detoxifies senecionine and similar plant alkaloids that are ingested by the larvae. Is active towards a narrow range of related substrates with highest activity towards senecionine, followed by seneciphylline, retrorsine, monocrotaline, senecivernine, axillarine and axillaridine.
catalytic activity: senecionine + NADPH + O2 = senecionine N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:11420)
cofactor: FAD
subunit: Homotetramer. - Investigating the biochemical signatures and physiological roles of the FMO family using molecular phylogeny
Nicoll, BBA advances 2023 - “...Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans [31] 2xlr [32] 2xve [33] ZvPNO (PNO) L0N8S9 5nmw Zonocerus variegatus [22] SNO Q8MP06 Tyria jacobae [14] FMO-GSOX1 OAP12743 Arabidopsis thaliana [34] yFMO (FMO1p) AJU16467 Saccharomyces cerevisiae [23] SpFMO Q9HFE4 1vqw Schizosaccharomyces pombe [35] 2gv8 AsFMO BAS32646 Allium sativum [25] RnTmm A3SLM3 5gsn Roseovarius...”
LOC106764471 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 from Vigna radiata var. radiata
21% identity, 70% coverage
- MINI BODY1, encoding a MATE/DTX family transporter, affects plant architecture in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Li, Frontiers in plant science 2022 - “...between WT and mib1 mutants, three auxin biosynthesis genes ( LOC106761734 , LOC106761746 , and LOC106764471 , YUCCA 4 , YUC4 ) and a gene encoding auxin transporter ( LOC106760087 , PIN-FORMED 1C , PIN1C ) were downregulated ( Figure8C ). Several transcription factor encoding genes...”
FMO1_MOUSE / P50285 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1; Dimethylaniline oxidase 1; Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; FMO 1; Trimethylamine monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.148; EC 1.14.13.8 from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see 2 papers)
P50285 flavin-containing monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.8) from Mus musculus (see 3 papers)
NP_034361 flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 isoform 1 from Mus musculus
25% identity, 76% coverage
- function: Broad spectrum monooxygenase that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including xenobiotics (PubMed:32156684, PubMed:9580872). Catalyzes the S-oxygenation of hypotaurine to produce taurine, an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation as well as a variety of cytoprotective and developmental processes (PubMed:32156684). In vitro, catalyzes the N-oxygenation of trimethylamine (TMA) to produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and could therefore participate to the detoxification of this compound that is generated by the action of gut microbiota from dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L-carnitine (By similarity).
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:69819)
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NAD(+) + H2O (RHEA:74111)
catalytic activity: trimethylamine + NADPH + O2 = trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:31979)
catalytic activity: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:24468)
cofactor: FAD - Preliminary proteomic analysis of mouse lung tissue treated with cyclophosphamide and Venetin-1
Czaplewska, Scientific reports 2024 - “...Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 OS 0.5 Q8CIB5 DOWN Fermt2 Plekhc1 Fermitin family homolog 2 OS 0.6 P50285 DOWN Fmo1 Fmo-1 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 OS 0.6 P08556 DOWN Nras GTPase NRas OS 0.6 P10922 DOWN H1-0 H1f0 H1fv Histone H1.0 OS 0.5 P40936 DOWN Inmt Temt Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase...”
- “...Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 OS 0.5 Q8CIB5 DOWN Fermt2 Plekhc1 Fermitin family homolog 2 OS 0.5 P50285 DOWN Fmo1 Fmo-1 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 OS 0.5 P16406 DOWN Enpep Glutamyl aminopeptidase OS 0.6 P08556 DOWN Nras GTPase NRas OS 0.6 Q9CZJ2 DOWN Hspa12b Heat shock 70kDa protein 12B...”
- Proteomic Alterations in Retinal Müller Glial Cells Lacking Interleukin-6 Receptor: A Comprehensive Analysis.
Glass, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2024 - “...protein 1 1.86 13.75 7.39 0.004 Q00915 Rbp1 Retinol-binding protein 1 1.44 5.92 4.12 0.004 P50285 Fmo1 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 1.25 4.03 3.22 0.033 O35074 Ptgis Prostacyclin synthase 1.38 3.94 2.85 0.009 O88952 Lin7c Protein lin-7 homolog C 1.57 4.38 2.80 0.027 P12265 Gusb Beta-glucuronidase...”
- Region-Resolved Quantitative Proteome Profiling Reveals Molecular Dynamics Associated With Chronic Pain in the PNS and Spinal Cord
Barry, Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2018 - “...Cntf P50608 Fibromodulin (FM) (Collagen-binding 59 kDa protein) (Keratan sulfate proteoglycan fibromodulin) (KSPG fibromodulin) Fmod P50285 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 (EC 1.14.13.8) (Dimethylaniline oxidase 1) (Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1) (FMO 1) Fmo1 Fmo-1 P48410 ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1 (Adrenoleukodystrophy protein) (ALDP) Abcd1 Ald Aldgh...”
- Identification and quantification of the basal and inducible Nrf2-dependent proteomes in mouse liver: biochemical, pharmacological and toxicological implications.
Walsh, Journal of proteomics 2014 - “...Retinol dehydrogenase 11 2 1.52 0.042 P58044 Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1 3 1.48 0.037 1.63 0.015 P50285 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 18 1.45 0.001 Q9R1J0 Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating 8 1.42 0.034 Q07076 Annexin A7 4 1.42 0.003 P38060 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial 21 1.34 0.017 Q9DD20 Methyltransferase-like protein...”
- Uterine deletion of Trp53 compromises antioxidant responses in the mouse decidua.
Burnum, Endocrinology 2012 - Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 1 Catalyzes the Production of Taurine from Hypotaurine.
Veeravalli, Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 2020 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 1 Catalyzes the Production of Taurine from Hypotaurine.
- The phenotype of a flavin-containing monooyxgenase knockout mouse implicates the drug-metabolizing enzyme FMO1 as a novel regulator of energy balance.
Veeravalli, Biochemical pharmacology 2014 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Data indicate that in contrast to FMO2 and FMO4, FMO1 is highly expressed in metabolic tissues, including liver, kidney, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT).
- Deletion of the mouse Fmo1 gene results in enhanced pharmacological behavioural responses to imipramine.
Hernandez, Pharmacogenetics and genomics 2009 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Deletion of the mouse Fmo1 gene results in enhanced pharmacological behavioral responses to imipramine.
- Characterization of mouse flavin-containing monooxygenase transcript levels in lung and liver, and activity of expressed isoforms
Siddens, Biochemical pharmacology 2008 - “...translated sequences matched the corresponding NCBI reference sequences NP_034361, NP_061369 and NP_032056 for Fmo1 , Fmo2 and Fmo3 , respectively. Vector DNA...”
- Functional activity of the mouse flavin-containing monooxygenase forms 1, 3, and 5.
Zhang, Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 2007 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: The functional activity of Fmo1 was determined.
- Cell-, tissue-, sex- and developmental stage-specific expression of mouse flavin-containing monooxygenases (Fmos).
Janmohamed, Biochemical pharmacology 2004 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Fmo1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 exhibit distinct cell-, tissue-, sex- and developmental stage-specific patterns of expression.
LOC109001757 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 from Juglans regia
21% identity, 77% coverage
FMO1_CANLF / Q95LA2 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1; Dimethylaniline oxidase 1; Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; FMO 1; Trimethylamine monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.148; EC 1.14.13.8 from Canis lupus familiaris (Dog) (Canis familiaris) (see paper)
23% identity, 64% coverage
- function: Broad spectrum monooxygenase that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including xenobiotics (By similarity). Catalyzes the S-oxygenation of hypotaurine to produce taurine, an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation as well as a variety of cytoprotective and developmental processes (By similarity). In vitro, catalyzes the N- oxygenation of trimethylamine (TMA) to produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and could therefore participate to the detoxification of this compound that is generated by the action of gut microbiota from dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L- carnitine (By similarity).
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:69819)
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NAD(+) + H2O (RHEA:74111)
catalytic activity: trimethylamine + NADPH + O2 = trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:31979)
catalytic activity: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:24468)
cofactor: FAD
Fmo1 / P36365 flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (EC 1.14.13.8) from Rattus norvegicus (see 7 papers)
FMO1_RAT / P36365 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1; Dimethylaniline oxidase 1; Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; FMO 1; Trimethylamine monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.148; EC 1.14.13.8 from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see paper)
P36365 flavin-containing monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.8) from Rattus norvegicus (see paper)
23% identity, 76% coverage
- function: Broad spectrum monooxygenase that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including xenobiotics (PubMed:8504165). Catalyzes the S-oxygenation of hypotaurine to produce taurine, an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation as well as a variety of cytoprotective and developmental processes (By similarity). In vitro, catalyzes the N- oxygenation of trimethylamine (TMA) to produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and could therefore participate to the detoxification of this compound that is generated by the action of gut microbiota from dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L- carnitine (PubMed:8504165).
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:69819)
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NAD(+) + H2O (RHEA:74111)
catalytic activity: trimethylamine + NADPH + O2 = trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:31979)
catalytic activity: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:24468)
cofactor: FAD - Differentially expressed proteins obtained by label-free quantitative proteomic analysis reveal affected biological processes and functions in Western diet-induced steatohepatitis.
Moreto, Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 2021 (PubMed) - Protein Targets of Acetaminophen Covalent Binding in Rat and Mouse Liver Studied by LC-MS/MS.
Geib, Frontiers in chemistry 2021 - “...FIDLIPTNLPHAVTC * DIK 3 1 P05179 Cytochrome P450 2C7 C372 FINFVPTNLPHAVTC * DIK 3 4 P36365 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 C35 SC * DLGGLWR a 2 4 P07153 Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 C475 VAC * ITEQVLTLVNKR 3 4 P49889/90 Estrogen sulfotransferase 1/2/3 C237 NNPC *...”
- Functional proteomic analysis of corticosteroid pharmacodynamics in rat liver: Relationship to hepatic stress, signaling, energy regulation, and drug metabolism.
Ayyar, Journal of proteomics 2017 - “...Dimethylaniline monooxygenase Oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides UP P36365 Fmo1 Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 Oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides UP P20070 Cyb5r3 NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 Desaturation and elongation of fatty acids,...”
- Development of a pharmaceutical hepatotoxicity biomarker panel using a discovery to targeted proteomics approach
Collins, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2012 - “...Q6I7R1 O55171 P00176 P04182 P04906 P05369 P06757 P13697 P36365 Q5XI60 Q64654 Q6TEK3 Q9EQ76 B4F7D0 Q5XFW5 P01048 P55159 O89049 P04041 P04762 P04785 P06761 P07632...”
FMO1_RABIT / P17636 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1; Dimethylaniline oxidase 1; FMO 1A1; FMO form 1; FMO 1; Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Trimethylamine monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.148; EC 1.14.13.8 from Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) (see paper)
23% identity, 65% coverage
- function: Broad spectrum monooxygenase that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including xenobiotics (By similarity). Catalyzes the S-oxygenation of hypotaurine to produce taurine, an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation as well as a variety of cytoprotective and developmental processes (By similarity). In vitro, catalyzes the N- oxygenation of trimethylamine (TMA) to produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and could therefore participate to the detoxification of this compound that is generated by the action of gut microbiota from dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L- carnitine (By similarity).
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:69819)
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NAD(+) + H2O (RHEA:74111)
catalytic activity: trimethylamine + NADPH + O2 = trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:31979)
catalytic activity: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:24468)
cofactor: FAD - Quantitative proteomics to study aging in rabbit liver
Amin, Mechanisms of ageing and development 2020 - “...1.24 0.069 1.41 0.024 1.14 0.108 G1SMX4 DIAPH1 2 1.00 0.999 1.42 0.049 1.42 0.273 P17636 FMO1 394 1.23 0.575 1.43 0.038 1.16 0.628 G1SKJ0 GRIK2 4 1.18 0.089 1.46 0.028 1.25 0.019 G1TF18 SFXN2 9 1.31 0.289 1.49 0.030 1.14 0.546 G1T2T5 EHHADH 558 1.52...”
XP_015631023 indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8 from Oryza sativa Japonica Group
23% identity, 64% coverage
YUC8_ORYSI / B8ANW0 Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8; OsYUCCA8; Flavin-containing monooxygenase YUCCA8; OsFMOt; Protein CONSTITUTIVELY WILTED 1; OsCOW1; Protein NARROW LEAF 7; Protein RICE ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 7; EC 1.14.13.168 from Oryza sativa subsp. indica (Rice) (see paper)
YUC8_ORYSJ / Q10RE2 Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8; OsYUCCA8; Flavin-containing monooxygenase YUCCA8; OsFMOt; Protein CONSTITUTIVELY WILTED 1; OsCOW1; Protein NARROW LEAF 7; Protein RICE ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 7; EC 1.14.13.168 from Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) (see 4 papers)
23% identity, 64% coverage
- function: Involved in auxin biosynthesis (PubMed:24371168). Converts the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) produced by the TAA family to indole-3- acetic acid (IAA) (By similarity). Seems not able to use tryptamine (TAM) as substrate (By similarity). Probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in leaves and involved in the regulation of lateral leaf growth (Ref.3). Required for maintaining water homeostasis and an appropriate root to shoot ratio (By similarity). Required for the inhibition of root growth by ethylene in etiolated seedlings (By similarity). Functions downstream of the ethylene-response transcription factor EIL1 (By similarity).
catalytic activity: indole-3-pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = (indol-3-yl)acetate + CO2 + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:34331)
cofactor: FAD
disruption phenotype: Narrow and rolled leaf phenotype. - function: Involved in auxin biosynthesis (PubMed:18293011, PubMed:28829777, PubMed:29740464). Converts the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) produced by the TAA family to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (PubMed:28829777). Seems not able to use tryptamine (TAM) as substrate (PubMed:28829777). Probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in leaves and involved in the regulation of lateral leaf growth (PubMed:18293011). Required for maintaining water homeostasis and an appropriate root to shoot ratio (PubMed:17619151). Required for the inhibition of root growth by ethylene in etiolated seedlings (PubMed:28829777). Functions downstream of the ethylene-response transcription factor EIL1 (PubMed:28829777).
catalytic activity: indole-3-pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = (indol-3-yl)acetate + CO2 + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:34331)
cofactor: FAD
disruption phenotype: Narrow and rolled leaf phenotype (PubMed:17619151, PubMed:28829777). Reduced root growth (PubMed:17619151). Tolerance to salt stress (PubMed:28829777). Reduced response to inhibition of root elongation by ethylene (PubMed:28829777).
XP_045248612 flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 isoform X2 from Macaca fascicularis
23% identity, 66% coverage
F1S6B7 Flavin-containing monooxygenase from Sus scrofa
22% identity, 62% coverage
FMO2_RABIT / P17635 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2; Dimethylaniline oxidase 2; FMO 1B1; Pulmonary flavin-containing monooxygenase 2; FMO 2; EC 1.14.13.-; EC 1.14.13.8 from Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) (see 6 papers)
22% identity, 63% coverage
- function: Catalyzes the oxidative metabolism of numerous xenobiotics, including mainly therapeutic drugs and insecticides that contain a soft nucleophile, most commonly nitrogen and sulfur and participates to their bioactivation (PubMed:10950853, PubMed:11302936, PubMed:15144220, PubMed:15294458, PubMed:16620765, PubMed:3785145). Most drug substrates are tertiary amines such as prochlorperazine and trifluoperazine which are N-oxygenated to form the N-oxide, or sulfides such as thiourea and ethionamide, which are S-oxygenated to the sulfoxide (PubMed:15144220, PubMed:16620765, PubMed:3785145). Others include primary alkylamines such as N-dodecylamine and octan-1-amine that are sequentially monooxygenated to oximes through intermediate hydroxylamines and both steps are NADPH- and oxygen-dependent (PubMed:3785145). Also metabolized N-Deacetyl ketoconazole (DAK) to N-hydroxy-DAK and appears to further metabolizes N-hydroxy-DAK to two others metabolites (PubMed:10950853). Also catalyzes S-oxygenation of the thioether- containing organophosphate insecticides, phorate and disulfoton (PubMed:15294458).
catalytic activity: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:24468)
cofactor: FAD
cofactor: Mg(2+)
G1SND1 Flavin-containing monooxygenase from Oryctolagus cuniculus
22% identity, 63% coverage
- Furosemide-induced systemic dehydration alters the proteome of rabbit vocal folds
do, Journal of proteomics 2022 - “...ribosomal protein L58 0.0345 2.035 G1SZN2 MRPL38 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38 0.0465 0.386 oxidative stress G1SND1 FMO2 Flavin Containing Dimethylaniline Monooxygenase 2 0.0035 0.591 G1TEA3 CAVIN2; SDPR Caveolae associated protein 2 0.0282 0.457 G1SLY5 HSPB8 c Heat shock protein beta-8 0.0404 0.700 endocytosis A0A5F9DCU4 DTNA c...”
SCO7468 flavin-binding monooxygenase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
23% identity, 81% coverage
- Biosynthetic studies on terpenoids produced by Streptomyces
Kuzuyama, The Journal of antibiotics 2017 - “...tryptophan to give 5-dimethylallyl tryptophan, which is further transformed to 5-dimethylallylindole-3-acetaldoxime by a flavin-dependent monooxygenase SCO7468. Finally, dehydration of the acetaldoxime presumably occurs to yield 5-dimethylallylindole-3-acetonitrile. Figure 7 Biosynthesis of lavanducyanin. CLDP is biosynthesized via the condensation of two molecules of DMAPP and the subsequent cyclization...”
- Novel tryptophan metabolism by a potential gene cluster that is widely distributed among actinomycetes
Ozaki, The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 - “...containing an indole prenyltransferase gene ( SCO7467 ) and a flavin-dependent monooxygenase (FMO) gene ( SCO7468 ), which were mined from the genome of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). We introduced these two genes into the closely related Streptomyces lividans TK23 and analyzed the culture broths of the...”
- “...5-dimethylallylindole-3-acetonitrile (5-DMAIAN) that was overproduced in the transformant. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant SCO7467 and SCO7468 demonstrated the novel l -tryptophan metabolism leading to 5-DMAIAN. SCO7467 catalyzes the prenylation of l -tryptophan to form 5-dimethylallyl- l -tryptophan (5-DMAT). This enzyme is the first actinomycetes prenyltransferase known...”
Q6IRI9 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2 from Rattus norvegicus
22% identity, 63% coverage
- Identification of novel proteins and mechanistic pathways associated with early-onset hypertension by deep proteomic mapping of resistance arteries
Bastrup, The Journal of biological chemistry 2022 - “...Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2 1.11 7.10E-03 7 Top ten downregulated proteins G3V6F6 Fmo2 Isoform of Q6IRI9, Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2.85 7.05E-06 29 G3V6G1 Jchain Immunoglobulin joining chain 2.53 2.28E-04 7 P20767 ENSRNOG00000050000 Ig lambda-2 chain C region 2.50 1.72E-05 6 P20761 Igh-1a Ig gamma-2B chain C...”
- “...ten downregulated proteins Q63910 Hba-a3 GLOBIN domain-containing protein 6.06 1.64E-04 17 G3V6F6 Fmo2 Isoform of Q6IRI9, Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3.06 1.44E-04 29 P20767 ENSRNOG00000050000 Ig lambda-2 chain C region 2.11 3.17E-06 7 P05544 Serpina3l Serine protease inhibitor A3L 2.04 3.67E-07 51 P20761 Igh-1a Ig gamma-2B chain...”
G3V6F6 Flavin-containing monooxygenase from Rattus norvegicus
22% identity, 63% coverage
- Identification of novel proteins and mechanistic pathways associated with early-onset hypertension by deep proteomic mapping of resistance arteries
Bastrup, The Journal of biological chemistry 2022 - “...7.15E-06 9 Q5XIK2 Tmx2 Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2 1.11 7.10E-03 7 Top ten downregulated proteins G3V6F6 Fmo2 Isoform of Q6IRI9, Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2.85 7.05E-06 29 G3V6G1 Jchain Immunoglobulin joining chain 2.53 2.28E-04 7 P20767 ENSRNOG00000050000 Ig lambda-2 chain C region 2.50 1.72E-05 6 P20761 Igh-1a...”
- “...1.00 3.03E-08 44 Top ten downregulated proteins Q63910 Hba-a3 GLOBIN domain-containing protein 6.06 1.64E-04 17 G3V6F6 Fmo2 Isoform of Q6IRI9, Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3.06 1.44E-04 29 P20767 ENSRNOG00000050000 Ig lambda-2 chain C region 2.11 3.17E-06 7 P05544 Serpina3l Serine protease inhibitor A3L 2.04 3.67E-07 51 P20761...”
LOC112727194 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA5 from Arachis hypogaea
21% identity, 66% coverage
- Transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interaction with growth-promoting Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens strain P9
Bai, PloS one 2024 - “...encodes caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, LOC112795729 encodes PetF, LOC112741560 encodes chalcone synthase-like, LOC112741528 encodes ent-kaurenoic acid monooxygenase, LOC112727194 encodes indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase, LOC112802019 encodes aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase, LOC112737957 encodes L-tryptophan decarboxylase, novel.668 encodes starch synthase, LOC112783179 encodes ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase, LOC112718386 encodes ERF1, LOC112747725 encodes L-ascorbate peroxidase, LOC112785663 encodes Nrt, LOC114924223...”
FMO1 / Q01740 flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (EC 1.14.13.8) from Homo sapiens (see 11 papers)
FMO1_HUMAN / Q01740 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1; Dimethylaniline oxidase 1; Fetal hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; FMO 1; Trimethylamine monooxygenase; EC 1.14.13.148; EC 1.14.13.8 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 2 papers)
Q01740 flavin-containing monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.8) from Homo sapiens (see 8 papers)
NP_001269622 flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 isoform b from Homo sapiens
23% identity, 66% coverage
- function: Broad spectrum monooxygenase that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including xenobiotics (PubMed:32156684). Catalyzes the S-oxygenation of hypotaurine to produce taurine, an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation as well as a variety of cytoprotective and developmental processes (PubMed:32156684). In vitro, catalyzes the N- oxygenation of trimethylamine (TMA) to produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and could therefore participate to the detoxification of this compound that is generated by the action of gut microbiota from dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L- carnitine (By similarity).
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:69819)
catalytic activity: hypotaurine + NADH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NAD(+) + H2O (RHEA:74111)
catalytic activity: trimethylamine + NADPH + O2 = trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:31979)
catalytic activity: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:24468)
cofactor: FAD - Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and its long-sought hydroperoxyflavin intermediate.
Cheropkina, Biochemical pharmacology 2021 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and its long-sought hydroperoxyflavin intermediate.
- Nicotine-N'-Oxidation by Flavin Monooxygenase Enzymes.
Perez-Paramo, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2019 - GeneRIF: Decreases in N'-oxidation activity (V (max)/K (m)) were observed for the FMO1(I303V), FMO3(N61S), FMO3(D132H), FMO3(V257M), and FMO3(E308G) variants in vitro when compared with their respective wild-type isoforms.
- SFRP2/DPP4 and FMO1/LSP1 Define Major Fibroblast Populations in Human Skin.
Tabib, The Journal of investigative dermatology 2018 - GeneRIF: Differential gene expression by SFRP2(+), FMO1(+), and COL11A1(+) fibroblasts suggests roles in matrix deposition, inflammatory cell retention, and connective tissue cell differentiation, respectively.
- Targeted sequencing identifies genetic polymorphisms of flavin-containing monooxygenase genes contributing to susceptibility of nicotine dependence in European American and African American.
Zhang, Brain and behavior 2017 - GeneRIF: Study tested the genetic effects of three FMOs genes (FMO1, FMO3, and FMO6P) on nicotine dependence by performing targeted sequencing on 2,852 nicotine-dependent and nondependent smokers; identified significant association signals for gene FMO1 and FMO6P
- Quantification of Flavin-containing Monooxygenases 1, 3, and 5 in Human Liver Microsomes by UPLC-MRM-Based Targeted Quantitative Proteomics and Its Application to the Study of Ontogeny.
Chen, Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 2016 - GeneRIF: Report developmental regulation of hepatic FMO1 expression.
- Influence of FMO1 and 3 polymorphisms on serum olanzapine and its N-oxide metabolite in psychiatric patients.
Söderberg, The pharmacogenomics journal 2013 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: data support the role of FMO3 in the N-oxidation of OLA and implicate for the first time the contribution of FMO1 and its functional *6 variant in OLA disposition
- Flavin-containing monooxygenase mRNA levels are up-regulated in als brain areas in SOD1-mutant mice.
Gagliardi, Neurotoxicity research 2011 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: The results of this study suggested that the alteration of FMO gene expression is a consequence of the pathological environment linked to oxidative stress related to mutated SOD1.
- Common polymorphisms in FMO1 are associated with nicotine dependence.
Hinrichs, Pharmacogenetics and genomics 2011 - GeneRIF: polymorphisms in FMO1 are significant risk factors in the development of nicotine dependence and that the mechanism may involve variation in nicotine pharmacology.
- More
- Two subgroups in systemic lupus erythematosus with features of antiphospholipid or Sjögren's syndrome differ in molecular signatures and treatment perspectives.
Idborg, Arthritis research & therapy 2019 - “...biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 5.30E 07 2.1 SELE P16581 E-selectin Cell adhesion 7.70E 07 2.4 FMO1 Q01740 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 Catalyzes the N -oxygenation of secondary and tertiary amines 9.90E 07 1.8 SAMD8 Q96LT4 Sphingomyelin synthase-related protein 1 Lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism 3.40E 06 2.1 ETNPPL...”
- Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 2.1 catalyzes oxygenation of the antitubercular drugs thiacetazone and ethionamide.
Francois, Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 2009 - Osmotic regulation of a novel flavin-containing monooxygenase in primary cultured cells from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Rodríguez-Fuentes, Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 2008 - “...Q7T1D7) FMO5, and 54 and 50% to human FMO1 (Q01740), FMO3 (P49326), and FMO5 (P49326). Southern blot analysis using a 180-bp fragment of the hFMO cDNA indicated...”
- “...Brare 1, D. rerio (Q5TZD0); Homsa 1, Homo sapiens (Q01740); Homsa 3, H. sapiens (P49326); Homsa 5, H. sapiens (P49326). REGULATION OF FMO IN RAINBOW TROUT 1215...”
YUC8_ARATH / Q9SVU0 Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8; Flavin-containing monooxygenase YUCCA8; EC 1.14.13.168 from Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) (see 4 papers)
NP_194601 Flavin-binding monooxygenase family protein from Arabidopsis thaliana
AT4G28720 flavin-containing monooxygenase family protein / FMO family protein from Arabidopsis thaliana
20% identity, 70% coverage
- function: Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots.
catalytic activity: indole-3-pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = (indol-3-yl)acetate + CO2 + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:34331)
cofactor: FAD - A genome-wide association study identifies novel players in Na and Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana under alkaline-salinity stress.
Almira, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2023 - GeneRIF: A genome-wide association study identifies novel players in Na and Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana under alkaline-salinity stress.
- ZEITLUPE enhances expression of PIF4 and YUC8 in the upper aerial parts of Arabidopsis seedlings to positively regulate hypocotyl elongation.
Saitoh, Plant cell reports 2021 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: ZEITLUPE enhances expression of PIF4 and YUC8 in the upper aerial parts of Arabidopsis seedlings to positively regulate hypocotyl elongation.
- Local auxin biosynthesis acts downstream of brassinosteroids to trigger root foraging for nitrogen.
Jia, Nature communications 2021 - GeneRIF: Local auxin biosynthesis acts downstream of brassinosteroids to trigger root foraging for nitrogen.
- Integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis uncovers molecular regulators of aerial stem-to-rhizome transition in the medical herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Yang, BMC genomics 2019 - “...NP_171955; AtYUCCA4, number: NP_196693; AtYUCCA5, number: NP_199202; AtYUCCA6, number: NP_001190399; AtYUCCA7, number: NP_180881; AtYUCCA8, number: NP_194601; AtYUCCA9, number: NP_171914; AtYUCCA10, number: NP_175321; AtYUCCA11, number: NP_173564; AtLAZY1, number: NP_196913; AtLAZY2, number: NP_173183; AtLAZY3, number: NP_001117313; AtLAZY4, number: NP_177393; AtLAZY5, number: NP_189119; AtLAZY6, number: NP_850639; AtCOL1, number: NP_197089;...”
- Functional roles of Arabidopsis CKRC2/YUCCA8 gene and the involvement of PIF4 in the regulation of auxin biosynthesis by cytokinin.
Di, Scientific reports 2016 - GeneRIF: Results show that the transcription of CKRC2/YUC8 can be induced by cytokinin and that the phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) is required for this upregulation.
- The jasmonic acid signaling pathway is linked to auxin homeostasis through the modulation of YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 gene expression.
Hentrich, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2013 - GeneRIF: Both YUC8 and YUC9 are involved in auxin biosynthesis. The roots of the analyzed yuc knockout mutants displayed a reduced response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA).
- YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 overexpression reveals a link between auxin signaling and lignification through the induction of ethylene biosynthesis.
Hentrich, Plant signaling & behavior 2013 - GeneRIF: the overexpression of YUC8 as well as YUC9 led to strong lignification of plant aerial tissues.
- Activation-tagged suppressors of a weak brassinosteroid receptor mutant
Kang, Molecular plant 2010 - “...(YUCCA6, At5g25620), NP_180881 (YUCCA7, At2g33230), NP_194601 (YUCCA8, At4g28720), NP_171914 (YUCCA9, At1g04180), NP_175321 (YUCCA10, At1g48910), and NP_173564...”
- Comparative gene expression profile analysis of ovules provides insights into Jatropha curcas L. ovule development
Xu, Scientific reports 2019 - “...Protein ID log2(JCFII/JCFI) log2(JCFIII/JCFII) log2(JCFIV/JCFIII) log2(JCFIII/JCFI) log2(JCFIV/JCFI) log2(JCFIV/JCFI I) Auxin c24045_g2 Probable YUCCA8 (Arabidopsis thaliana) Q9SVU0 1.504 c25692_g3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member H1(ALDH3 H1) (Arabidopsis thaliana) Q70DU8 1.096 c14699_g1 Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 2 member B4(ALDH2 B4-1) , (Arabidopsis thaliana) Q9SU63 0.737 c20408_g1 Aldehyde dehydrogenase family...”
- Transcriptional Dynamics and Chromatin Accessibility in the Regulation of Shade-Responsive Genes in Arabidopsis
Paulisic, 2025 - RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED Has Both Canonical and Noncanonical Regulatory Functions During Thermo-Morphogenic Responses in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Hamid, Plant, cell & environment 2025 - “...At4g34160; CYCA3;1: At5g43080; PIF4: At2g43010; PIF7: At5g61270; YUCCA1 (YUC1): At4g32540; YUCCA2 (YUC2): At4g13260; YUCCA8 (YUC8): At4g28720; YUCCA9 (YUC9): At1g04180; TIR1: At3g62980; HY5: At5g11260. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting information Supplemental Figure S1. The RBR proteins accumulate in both mitotic and...”
- Different viral effectors hijack TCP17, a key transcription factor for host Auxin synthesis, to promote viral infection
Zhao, PLoS pathogens 2024 - “...numbers: YUC2 ( AT4G13260 ), YUC5 ( AT5G43890 ), YUC6 ( AT5G25620 ), YUC8 ( AT4G28720 ), IAA29 ( AT4G32280 ), IAA3 ( AT1G04240 ), TCP17 ( AT5G08070 ), SAUR22 ( AT5G18050 ), ACTIN2 (AT3G18780), ACTIN5 (AT2G42170), ACTIN8 (AT1G49240), TCP5 (AT5G60970), TCP8 (AT1G58100), TCP13 (AT3G02150), TCP22...”
- Systematic Investigation of Aluminum Stress-Related Genes and Their Critical Roles in Plants
Fang, International journal of molecular sciences 2024 - “...TZ, mediating root growth inhibition in response to Al stress. [ 123 ] 3 AtYUC8 At4g28720 Flavin monooxygenase-like protein 4 AtYUC7 At2g33230 Flavin monooxygenase-like protein 5 AtYUC3 At1g04610 Flavin monooxygenase-like protein 6 AtYUC5 At5g43890 Flavin monooxygenase-like protein 7 AtTAA1 At1g70560 Trp aminotransferase TAA1 is specifically upregulated...”
- Exogenous application of the apocarotenoid retinaldehyde negatively regulates auxin-mediated root growth
Xu, Plant physiology 2024 - “...AT1G04610 ; YUC4, AT5G11320 ; YUC5, AT5G43890 ; YUC6, AT5G25620 ; YUC7, AT2G33230 ; YUC8, AT4G28720 ; YUC9, AT1G04180 ; YUC10, AT1G48910 ; YUC11, AT1G21430 ; PSY protein ( A. thaliana ), AAB65697 ; PSY1 protein ( Triticum aestivum ), ABS83385 . Supplementary Material kiae405_Supplementary_Data Acknowledgments...”
- Plant extracellular self-DNA inhibits growth and induces immunity via the jasmonate signaling pathway
Zhou, Plant physiology 2023 - “...proliferation and cell expansion ( Zhao 2010 ). esDNA downregulated AT5G25620 ( YUCCA 6) and AT4G28720 ( YUCCA8 ), which encode flavin monooxygenase-like proteins involved in the Trp-dependent auxin biosynthetic pathway ( Zhao 2010 ), and AT1G68130 ( INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 14 ) and AT2G01940 ( INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 15...”
- A genome-wide association study identifies novel players in Na and Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana under alkaline-salinity stress
Almira, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2023 - “...on Chr 4 for leaf Na accumulation are involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways: AT4G28720 ( YUC8 ) and AT4G28910 ( NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ, NINJA ). YUC8 encodes a member of the flavinbinding monooxygenase family protein, which is involved in auxin biosynthesis and active...”
- “...response of A. thaliana plants to overcome moderate saline stress (Erice etal., 2017 ). YUC8 (AT4G28720) is an auxin biosynthetic gene and yuc8 mutants (null mutants of YUC8 ) have previously been shown to suffer reduction in hypocotyl and petiole length under both high and low...”
- Insights on Phytohormonal Crosstalk in Plant Response to Nitrogen Stress: A Focus on Plant Root Growth and Development
Ahmad, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...LR elongation in response to N deficiency [ 140 ] AtYUC5 At5g43890 AtYUC7 At2g33230 AtYUC8 At4g28720 AtTAR1 At1g23320 Involved in auxin biosynthesis and LR growth in response to low N [ 49 ] AtTAR2 At4g24670 AtTAA1 At1g70560 Maize ZmPIN1 Zm00001d044812 Upregulated by local, high NO 3...”
- More
D7G7S8 Monooxygenase domain-containing protein from Ectocarpus siliculosus
23% identity, 63% coverage
- Computational prediction and experimental validation of microRNAs in the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus
Billoud, Nucleic acids research 2014 - “...miR95_0324 GUAUGGCCUGUGACCGCUCG D7G722 miR95_0365 AGUUGAUAGCUUCCGAGAAUCAGUG D8LID2 miR95_0400 AACCAAGAUGGCCUGGAUUUGCG D8LNB1 D8LNB2 D8LNB6 D7FM32 D8LNC7 miR95_0424 UUGGUUCCGGCGUAGAUC D7G7S8 miR95_0439 GUCCGCAGCCGCCGCCGC D8LBP6 D8LBX5 D7FMJ4 D7FGT5 D8LJR3 miR95_0483 AAGUUGAUAGCUUCCGAGAAUCAGU D8LID2 miR95_0485 CUGGCGCCCCAGGGCGG D7FQ65 D8LEB3 D7FML8 D7FI70 miR90_0079 UAUAGAAGCCGAAAUCAAA D7G3H8 D7FRR2 miR90_0193 CAUGGAACUCCAUGGAACUCCAUG D7FM32 miR90_0201 CCACAGCAGUCACCACUAGCUUCAA D7G014 D8LGE5 miR90_0682 CGCCGACGGUUGCCGCUGC D8LLD2...”
LOC107825840 probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8 from Nicotiana tabacum
20% identity, 64% coverage
FMO5_CAVPO / P49109 Flavin-containing monooxygenase 5; FMO 5; Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 5; Dimethylaniline oxidase 5; Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 5; NADPH oxidase; EC 1.14.13.8; EC 1.6.3.1 from Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig) (see paper)
22% identity, 63% coverage
- function: Acts as a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase on a broad range of substrates. Catalyzes the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon- carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters (By similarity). Active on diverse carbonyl compounds, whereas soft nucleophiles are mostly non- or poorly reactive. In contrast with other forms of FMO it is non- or poorly active on 'classical' substrates such as drugs, pesticides, and dietary components containing soft nucleophilic heteroatoms (PubMed:7872795). Able to oxidize drug molecules bearing a carbonyl group on an aliphatic chain, such as nabumetone and pentoxifylline. Also, in the absence of substrates, shows slow but yet significant NADPH oxidase activity (By similarity). Acts as a positive modulator of cholesterol biosynthesis as well as glucose homeostasis, promoting metabolic aging via pleiotropic effects (By similarity).
catalytic activity: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:24468)
catalytic activity: NADPH + O2 + H(+) = H2O2 + NADP(+) (RHEA:11260)
catalytic activity: heptan-2-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = pentyl acetate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54836)
catalytic activity: octan-3-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = pentyl propanoate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54840)
catalytic activity: octan-3-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = ethyl hexanoate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54856)
catalytic activity: hexan-3-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = ethyl butanoate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54844)
catalytic activity: hexan-3-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = propyl propanoate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54848)
catalytic activity: heptan-4-one + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = propyl butanoate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54852)
catalytic activity: (2E)-geranial + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = (1E)-2,6-dimethylhepta- 1,5-dien-1-yl formate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54860)
catalytic activity: sulcatone + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl acetate + NADP(+) + H2O (RHEA:54864)
cofactor: FAD
FMO2_CAVPO / P36366 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2; Dimethylaniline oxidase 2; FMO 1B1; Pulmonary flavin-containing monooxygenase 2; FMO 2; EC 1.14.13.- from Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig) (see paper)
21% identity, 63% coverage
- function: Catalyzes the oxidative metabolism of numerous xenobiotics, including mainly therapeutic drugs and insecticides that contain a soft nucleophile, most commonly nitrogen and sulfur and participates to their bioactivation.
cofactor: FAD
cofactor: Mg(2+)
LOC106662423 senecionine N-oxygenase-like from Cimex lectularius
25% identity, 42% coverage
For advice on how to use these tools together, see
Interactive tools for functional annotation of bacterial genomes.
The PaperBLAST database links 793,807 different protein sequences to 1,259,118 scientific articles. Searches against EuropePMC were last performed on March 13 2025.
PaperBLAST builds a database of protein sequences that are linked
to scientific articles. These links come from automated text searches
against the articles in EuropePMC
and from manually-curated information from GeneRIF, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
BRENDA,
CAZy (as made available by dbCAN),
BioLiP,
CharProtDB,
MetaCyc,
EcoCyc,
TCDB,
REBASE,
the Fitness Browser,
and a subset of the European Nucleotide Archive with the /experiment tag.
Given this database and a protein sequence query,
PaperBLAST uses protein-protein BLAST
to find similar sequences with E < 0.001.
To build the database, we query EuropePMC with locus tags, with RefSeq protein
identifiers, and with UniProt
accessions. We obtain the locus tags from RefSeq or from MicrobesOnline. We use
queries of the form "locus_tag AND genus_name" to try to ensure that
the paper is actually discussing that gene. Because EuropePMC indexes
most recent biomedical papers, even if they are not open access, some
of the links may be to papers that you cannot read or that our
computers cannot read. We query each of these identifiers that
appears in the open access part of EuropePMC, as well as every locus
tag that appears in the 500 most-referenced genomes, so that a gene
may appear in the PaperBLAST results even though none of the papers
that mention it are open access. We also incorporate text-mined links
from EuropePMC that link open access articles to UniProt or RefSeq
identifiers. (This yields some additional links because EuropePMC
uses different heuristics for their text mining than we do.)
For every article that mentions a locus tag, a RefSeq protein
identifier, or a UniProt accession, we try to select one or two
snippets of text that refer to the protein. If we cannot get access to
the full text, we try to select a snippet from the abstract, but
unfortunately, unique identifiers such as locus tags are rarely
provided in abstracts.
PaperBLAST also incorporates manually-curated protein functions:
- Proteins from NCBI's RefSeq are included if a
GeneRIF
entry links the gene to an article in
PubMed®.
GeneRIF also provides a short summary of the article's claim about the
protein, which is shown instead of a snippet.
- Proteins from Swiss-Prot (the curated part of UniProt)
are included if the curators
identified experimental evidence for the protein's function (evidence
code ECO:0000269). For these proteins, the fields of the Swiss-Prot entry that
describe the protein's function are shown (with bold headings).
- Proteins from BRENDA,
a curated database of enzymes, are included if they are linked to a paper in PubMed
and their full sequence is known.
- Every protein from the non-redundant subset of
BioLiP,
a database
of ligand-binding sites and catalytic residues in protein structures, is included. Since BioLiP itself
does not include descriptions of the proteins, those are taken from the
Protein Data Bank.
Descriptions from PDB rely on the original submitter of the
structure and cannot be updated by others, so they may be less reliable.
(For SitesBLAST and Sites on a Tree, we use a larger subset of BioLiP so that every
ligand is represented among a group of structures with similar sequences, but for
PaperBLAST, we use the non-redundant set provided by BioLiP.)
- Every protein from EcoCyc, a curated
database of the proteins in Escherichia coli K-12, is included, regardless
of whether they are characterized or not.
- Proteins from the MetaCyc metabolic pathway database
are included if they are linked to a paper in PubMed and their full sequence is known.
- Proteins from the Transport Classification Database (TCDB)
are included if they have known substrate(s), have reference(s),
and are not described as uncharacterized or putative.
(Some of the references are not visible on the PaperBLAST web site.)
- Every protein from CharProtDB,
a database of experimentally characterized protein annotations, is included.
- Proteins from the CAZy database of carbohydrate-active enzymes
are included if they are associated with an Enzyme Classification number.
Even though CAZy does not provide links from individual protein sequences to papers,
these should all be experimentally-characterized proteins.
- Proteins from the REBASE database
of restriction enzymes are included if they have known specificity.
- Every protein with an evidence-based reannotation (based on mutant phenotypes)
in the Fitness Browser is included.
- Sequence-specific transcription factors (including sigma factors and DNA-binding response regulators)
with experimentally-determined DNA binding sites from the
PRODORIC database of gene regulation in prokaryotes.
- Putative transcription factors from RegPrecise
that have manually-curated predictions for their binding sites. These predictions are based on
conserved putative regulatory sites across genomes that contain similar transcription factors,
so PaperBLAST clusters the TFs at 70% identity and retains just one member of each cluster.
- Coding sequence (CDS) features from the
European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
are included if the /experiment tag is set (implying that there is experimental evidence for the annotation),
the nucleotide entry links to paper(s) in PubMed,
and the nucleotide entry is from the STD data class
(implying that these are targeted annotated sequences, not from shotgun sequencing).
Also, to filter out genes whose transcription or translation was detected, but whose function
was not studied, nucleotide entries or papers with more than 25 such proteins are excluded.
Descriptions from ENA rely on the original submitter of the
sequence and cannot be updated by others, so they may be less reliable.
Except for GeneRIF and ENA,
the curated entries include a short curated
description of the protein's function.
For entries from BioLiP, the protein's function may not be known beyond binding to the ligand.
Many of these entries also link to articles in PubMed.
For more information see the
PaperBLAST paper (mSystems 2017)
or the code.
You can download PaperBLAST's database here.
Changes to PaperBLAST since the paper was written:
- November 2023: incorporated PRODORIC and RegPrecise. Many PRODORIC entries were not linked to a protein sequence (no UniProt identifier), so we added this information.
- February 2023: BioLiP changed their download format. PaperBLAST now includes their non-redundant subset. SitesBLAST and Sites on a Tree use a larger non-redundant subset that ensures that every ligand is represented within each cluster. This should ensure that every binding site is represented.
- June 2022: incorporated some coding sequences from ENA with the /experiment tag.
- March 2022: incorporated BioLiP.
- April 2020: incorporated TCDB.
- April 2019: EuropePMC now returns table entries in their search results. This has expanded PaperBLAST's database, but most of the new entries are of low relevance, and the resulting snippets are often just lists of locus tags with annotations.
- February 2018: the alignment page reports the conservation of the hit's functional sites (if available from from Swiss-Prot or UniProt)
- January 2018: incorporated BRENDA.
- December 2017: incorporated MetaCyc, CharProtDB, CAZy, REBASE, and the reannotations from the Fitness Browser.
- September 2017: EuropePMC no longer returns some table entries in their search results. This has shrunk PaperBLAST's database, but has also reduced the number of low-relevance hits.
Many of these changes are described in Interactive tools for functional annotation of bacterial genomes.
PaperBLAST cannot provide snippets for many of the papers that are
published in non-open-access journals. This limitation applies even if
the paper is marked as "free" on the publisher's web site and is
available in PubmedCentral or EuropePMC. If a journal that you publish
in is marked as "secret," please consider publishing elsewhere.
Many important articles are missing from PaperBLAST, either because
the article's full text is not in EuropePMC (as for many older
articles), or because the paper does not mention a protein identifier such as a locus tag, or because of PaperBLAST's heuristics. If you notice an
article that characterizes a protein's function but is missing from
PaperBLAST, please notify the curators at UniProt
or add an entry to GeneRIF.
Entries in either of these databases will eventually be incorporated
into PaperBLAST. Note that to add an entry to UniProt, you will need
to find the UniProt identifier for the protein. If the protein is not
already in UniProt, you can ask them to create an entry. To add an
entry to GeneRIF, you will need an NCBI Gene identifier, but
unfortunately many prokaryotic proteins in RefSeq do not have
corresponding Gene identifers.
References
PaperBLAST: Text-mining papers for information about homologs.
M. N. Price and A. P. Arkin (2017). mSystems, 10.1128/mSystems.00039-17.
Europe PMC in 2017.
M. Levchenko et al (2017). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkx1005.
Gene indexing: characterization and analysis of NLM's GeneRIFs.
J. A. Mitchell et al (2003). AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2003:460-464.
UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase.
The UniProt Consortium (2016). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkw1099.
BRENDA in 2017: new perspectives and new tools in BRENDA.
S. Placzek et al (2017). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkw952.
The EcoCyc database: reflecting new knowledge about Escherichia coli K-12.
I. M. Keeseler et al (2016). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkw1003.
The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes.
R. Caspi et al (2018). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkx935.
CharProtDB: a database of experimentally characterized protein annotations.
R. Madupu et al (2012). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkr1133.
The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013.
V. Lombard et al (2014). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkt1178.
The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): recent advances
M. H. Saier, Jr. et al (2016). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkv1103.
REBASE - a database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes.
R. J. Roberts et al (2015). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gku1046.
Deep annotation of protein function across diverse bacteria from mutant phenotypes.
M. N. Price et al (2016). bioRxiv, 10.1101/072470.
by Morgan Price,
Arkin group
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory