aroP, HPD, hmgA, maiA, fahA, atoA, atoD, atoB
Overview: Tyrosine utilization in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathway tyrosine degradation I, via homogentisate (link). This pathway requires oxygen. Another pathway via 4-hydroxyphenylacetate is known (link), but the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase has not been linked to sequence. The other MetaCyc pathways do not yield fixed carbon or are not reported in prokaryotes.
Or see definitions of steps
| Step | Description | Best candidate | 2nd candidate |
|---|---|---|---|
| aroP | L-tyrosine transporter (AroP/FywP) | ||
| HPD | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase | ||
| hmgA | homogentisate dioxygenase | ||
| maiA | maleylacetoacetate isomerase | RSPH17029_RS18110 | RSPH17029_RS19405 |
| fahA | fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase | RSPH17029_RS09140 | |
| atoA | acetoacetyl-CoA transferase, A subunit | RSPH17029_RS02855 | |
| atoD | acetoacetyl-CoA transferase, B subunit | RSPH17029_RS02850 | |
| atoB | acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase | RSPH17029_RS12120 | RSPH17029_RS19805 |
| Alternative steps: | |||
| aacS | acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase | RSPH17029_RS17960 | RSPH17029_RS13630 |
| Ac3H11_1692 | L-tyrosine ABC transporter, ATPase component 2 | RSPH17029_RS04835 | RSPH17029_RS07940 |
| Ac3H11_1693 | L-tyrosine ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 | RSPH17029_RS04855 | RSPH17029_RS07935 |
| Ac3H11_1694 | L-tyrosine ABC transporter, permease component 2 | RSPH17029_RS17975 | RSPH17029_RS04845 |
| Ac3H11_1695 | L-tyrosine ABC transporter, permease component 1 | RSPH17029_RS17970 | RSPH17029_RS14875 |
| Ac3H11_2396 | L-tyrosine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component component | ||
| CAT | L-tyrosine transporter CAT | ||
| MCT10 | L-tyrosine transporter MCT10 | ||
| TAT1 | L-tyrosine permease TAT1 | ||
| tyrP | Tyrosine permease | ||
| tyt1 | L-tyrosine:Na+ symporter Tyt1 | ||
Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.
This GapMind analysis is from Apr 10 2024. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory