livF, livG, livH, livM, livJ, ARO8, iorAB, paaA, paaB, paaC, paaE, paaG, paaZ1, paaZ2, paaJ1, paaF, paaH, paaJ2
Overview: Phenylalanine utilization in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathway L-phenylalanine degradation I (aerobic, via tyrosine, link), pathway II (anaerobic, via phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase, link), degradation via phenylpyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PMC3346364), or degradation via phenylacetaldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PMID:24214948). (MetaCyc describes additional pathways, but they do not result in carbon incorporation or are not reported in prokaryotes, so they are not included in GapMind.)
Or see definitions of steps
| Step | Description | Best candidate | 2nd candidate |
|---|---|---|---|
| livF | L-phenylalanine ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 (LivF) | WP_011885758.1 | WP_011881646.1 |
| livG | L-phenylalanine ABC transporter, ATPase component 2 (LivG) | WP_011885759.1 | WP_011881645.1 |
| livH | L-phenylalanine ABC transporter, permease component 1 (LivH) | WP_012467843.1 | WP_011880725.1 |
| livM | L-phenylalanine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (LivM) | WP_011880724.1 | WP_011885760.1 |
| livJ | L-phenylalanine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component LivJ/LivK | WP_043292326.1 | WP_011882928.1 |
| ARO8 | L-phenylalanine transaminase | WP_011882167.1 | WP_011885499.1 |
| iorAB | phenylpyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, fused IorA/IorB | WP_011886186.1 | WP_011882983.1 |
| paaA | phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit A | WP_011882993.1 | |
| paaB | phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit B | WP_006752453.1 | |
| paaC | phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit C | WP_011882992.1 | |
| paaE | phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit E | WP_011882990.1 | |
| paaG | 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase / 2-(oxepinyl)acetyl-CoA isomerase / didehydroadipyl-CoA isomerase | WP_011883161.1 | WP_011885515.1 |
| paaZ1 | oxepin-CoA hydrolase | WP_011885515.1 | WP_011885987.1 |
| paaZ2 | 3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase | WP_011883163.1 | |
| paaJ1 | 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA thiolase | WP_011883162.1 | WP_011880942.1 |
| paaF | 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase | WP_011883164.1 | WP_011881868.1 |
| paaH | 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase | WP_011885989.1 | WP_011886130.1 |
| paaJ2 | 3-oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase | WP_011883162.1 | WP_011880942.1 |
| Alternative steps: | |||
| aacS | acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase | WP_011882818.1 | WP_011883166.1 |
| ARO10 | phenylpyruvate decarboxylase | ||
| aroP | L-phenylalanine:H+ symporter AroP | WP_011882166.1 | WP_011881650.1 |
| atoA | acetoacetyl-CoA transferase, A subunit | WP_011884535.1 | WP_011881086.1 |
| atoB | acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase | WP_011884947.1 | WP_011879792.1 |
| atoD | acetoacetyl-CoA transferase, B subunit | WP_011884536.1 | WP_011881085.1 |
| badH | 2-hydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase | WP_011880388.1 | WP_011886026.1 |
| badI | 2-ketocyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA hydrolase | WP_011883164.1 | WP_011882343.1 |
| badK | cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase | WP_011883164.1 | WP_011881868.1 |
| bamB | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamB subunit | ||
| bamC | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamC subunit | ||
| bamD | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamD subunit | WP_011880772.1 | |
| bamE | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamE subunit | ||
| bamF | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamF subunit | ||
| bamG | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamG subunit | ||
| bamH | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamH subunit | WP_011885532.1 | WP_011883791.1 |
| bamI | class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamI subunit | WP_011883790.1 | |
| bcrA | ATP-dependent benzoyl-CoA reductase, alpha subunit | ||
| bcrB | ATP-dependent benzoyl-CoA reductase, beta subunit | ||
| bcrC | ATP-dependent benzoyl-CoA reductase, gamma subunit | ||
| bcrD | ATP-dependent benzoyl-CoA reductase, delta subunit | ||
| boxA | benzoyl-CoA epoxidase, subunit A | ||
| boxB | benzoyl-CoA epoxidase, subunit B | ||
| boxC | 2,3-epoxybenzoyl-CoA dihydrolase | ||
| boxD | 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase | ||
| Ch1CoA | cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase | WP_011880691.1 | WP_011880846.1 |
| dch | cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase | WP_011883164.1 | WP_011881868.1 |
| ech | (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase | WP_011883164.1 | WP_011881868.1 |
| fadB | (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase | WP_011885989.1 | WP_011886130.1 |
| fahA | fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase | WP_011883441.1 | WP_011886161.1 |
| gcdH | glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase | WP_011883419.1 | WP_011880846.1 |
| had | 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase | ||
| hmgA | homogentisate dioxygenase | WP_011883439.1 | |
| HPD | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase | WP_011882985.1 | WP_011882206.1 |
| iorA | phenylpyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, IorA subunit | ||
| iorB | phenylpyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, IorB subunit | ||
| maiA | maleylacetoacetate isomerase | WP_011886073.1 | WP_006400565.1 |
| oah | 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydratase | ||
| paaK | phenylacetate-CoA ligase | WP_011882344.1 | WP_011883159.1 |
| pad-dh | phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase | WP_011880783.1 | WP_011886229.1 |
| padB | phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase, PadB subunit | ||
| padC | phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase, PadC subunit | ||
| padD | phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase, PadD subunit | ||
| padE | phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase, gamma subunit | ||
| padF | phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase, delta subunit | ||
| padG | phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase, alpha subunit | ||
| padH | phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase, epsilon subunit | ||
| padI | phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase, beta subunit | ||
| PAH | phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase | WP_043291603.1 | |
| PCBD | pterin-4-alpha-carbinoalamine dehydratase | WP_011882790.1 | |
| pfor | phenylacetaldeyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase | ||
| pimB | 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA:CoA acetyltransferase | WP_011885058.1 | WP_011885988.1 |
| pimC | pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase, small subunit | WP_011886128.1 | WP_011885519.1 |
| pimD | pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase, large subunit | WP_011885520.1 | WP_011886129.1 |
| pimF | 6-carboxyhex-2-enoyl-CoA hydratase | WP_011885060.1 | WP_011886130.1 |
| PPDCalpha | phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, alpha subunit | WP_011884991.1 | |
| PPDCbeta | phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, beta subunit | WP_011884990.1 | |
| QDPR | 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase | WP_011880020.1 | WP_011883334.1 |
Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.
This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory