Overview: Proline degradation in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathway I via glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (link) and pathway II via 5-aminopentanoate (link). (MetaCyc describes 5-aminopentanoate, also known as 5-aminovalerate, as a fermentative end product, but it is further degraded
Or see definitions of steps
| Step | Description | Best candidate | 2nd candidate |
|---|---|---|---|
| proY | proline:H+ symporter | ||
| put1 | proline dehydrogenase | ||
| putA | L-glutamate 5-semialdeyde dehydrogenase | ||
| Alternative steps: | |||
| aapJ | ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), substrate-binding component AapJ | ||
| aapM | ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), permease component 2 (AapM) | ||
| aapP | ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), ATPase component AapP | NA59_RS10555 | NA59_RS05620 |
| aapQ | ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), permease component 1 (AapQ) | ||
| AAT20.2 | proline transporter | ||
| atoB | acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase | ||
| AZOBR_RS08235 | proline ABC transporter, permease component 1 | ||
| AZOBR_RS08240 | proline ABC transporter, permease component 2 | ||
| AZOBR_RS08245 | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 | ||
| AZOBR_RS08250 | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 2 | ||
| AZOBR_RS08260 | proline ABC transporter, substrate-binding component | ||
| BAC2 | basic amino acid carrier BAC2 | ||
| betS | proline transporter BetS | ||
| CCNA_00435 | proline transporter | ||
| davD | glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase | NA59_RS05855 | |
| davT | 5-aminovalerate aminotransferase | NA59_RS08125 | NA59_RS01575 |
| ech | (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase | ||
| ectP | proline transporter EctP | ||
| fadB | (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase | NA59_RS03005 | |
| gcdG | succinyl-CoA:glutarate CoA-transferase | ||
| gcdH | glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase | ||
| glaH | glutarate 2-hydroxylase, succinate-releasing (GlaH or CsiD) | ||
| HSERO_RS00870 | proline ABC transporter, substrate-binding component | ||
| HSERO_RS00885 | proline ABC transporter, permease component 1 | ||
| HSERO_RS00890 | proline ABC transporter, permease component 2 | ||
| HSERO_RS00895 | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 | NA59_RS02215 | |
| HSERO_RS00900 | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 2 | NA59_RS02215 | |
| hutV | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component HutV | NA59_RS12130 | NA59_RS10220 |
| hutW | proline ABC transporter, permease component HutW | ||
| hutX | proline ABC transporter, substrate-binding component HutX | ||
| lhgD | L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase or oxidase (LhgD or LhgO) | ||
| N515DRAFT_2924 | proline transporter | ||
| natA | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 (NatA) | NA59_RS02215 | NA59_RS05345 |
| natB | proline ABC transporter, substrate-binding component NatB | ||
| natC | proline ABC transporter, permease component 1 (NatC) | ||
| natD | proline ABC transporter, permease component 2 (NatD) | ||
| natE | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 2 (NatE) | NA59_RS02215 | NA59_RS11225 |
| opuBA | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component OpuBA/BusAA | NA59_RS10220 | NA59_RS12130 |
| opuBB | proline ABC transporter, fused permease and substrate-binding components OpuBB/BusAB | ||
| prdA | D-proline reductase, prdA component | ||
| prdB | D-proline reductase, prdB component | ||
| prdC | D-proline reductase, electron transfer component PrdC | ||
| prdF | proline racemase | ||
| proP | proline:H+ symporter ProP | ||
| PROT1 | proline transporter | ||
| proV | proline ABC transporter, ATPase component ProV | NA59_RS12130 | NA59_RS10220 |
| proW | proline ABC transporter, permease component ProW | ||
| proX | proline ABC transporter, substrate-binding component ProX | ||
| putP | proline:Na+ symporter | ||
| SLC6A7 | proline:Na+ symporter | ||
Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.
This GapMind analysis is from Apr 09 2024. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory