L-fucose catabolism in Herbaspirillum aquaticum IEH 4430

GapMind for catabolism of small carbon sources

L-fucose catabolism in Herbaspirillum aquaticum IEH 4430

Best path

HSERO_RS05250, HSERO_RS05255, HSERO_RS05260, fucU, fdh, fuconolactonase, fucD, fucDH, KDF-hydrolase

Rules

Overview: Fucose degradation in GapMind is based on the MetaCyc pathway via L-fuculose (link) or the oxidative pathway via 2,4-diketo-3-deoxy-L-fuconate (KDF) hydrolase (PMC6336799).

all:

fucose-transport, fucU, fucI, fucK, fucA, tpi and lactaldehyde-conversion
or fucose-transport, fucU, fdh, fuconolactonase, fucD, fucDH and KDF-hydrolase
Comment: In the L-fucuolose pathway, mutarotase fucU converts the beta-pyranose to the alpha-pyranose form, isomerase fucI produces L-fuculose, kinase fucK forms L-fuculose 1-phosphate, and aldolase fucA produces glycerone phosphate and (S)-lactaldehyde. Lactaldehyde might be oxidized to lactate and secreted (or oxidized to pyruvate), or, it might be reduced to propane-1,2-diol and secreted; tpi converts glycerone-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. In the oxidative pathway, mutarotase fucU forms the beta-pyranose form, fucose dehydrogenase (fdh) forms L-fucono-1,5-lactone, a lactonase forms L-fuconate, dehydratase fucD forms 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-fuconate, dehydrogenase fucDH forms 2,4-diketo-3-deoxy-L-fuconate (KDF, also known as 2,4-diketo-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate), and a hydrolase forms lactate and pyruvate. The lactate could be secreted or oxidized to pyruvate.

lactaldehyde-conversion:

aldA
or fucO
Comment: Lactaldehyde can be oxidized to lactate (aldA) or reduced to propanediol (fucO). Either of these can be excreted.

fucose-transport:

fucP
or SM_b21103, SM_b21104, SM_b21105 and SM_b21106
or BPHYT_RS34250, BPHYT_RS34245 and BPHYT_RS34240
or HSERO_RS05250, HSERO_RS05255 and HSERO_RS05260
Comment: Transporters were identified using query: transporter:L-fucose:L-fucopyranose:CPD-10329:CPD0-1107:CPD-15619

23 steps (18 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step	Description	Best candidate	2nd candidate
HSERO_RS05250	ABC transporter for L-fucose, ATPase component	CEJ45_RS12010	CEJ45_RS04275
HSERO_RS05255	ABC transporter for L-fucose, permease component	CEJ45_RS12005	CEJ45_RS04280
HSERO_RS05260	ABC transporter for L-fucose, substrate-binding component	CEJ45_RS12000
fucU	L-fucose mutarotase FucU	CEJ45_RS12170	CEJ45_RS12015
fdh	L-fucose 1-dehydrogenase	CEJ45_RS12020	CEJ45_RS08655
fuconolactonase	L-fucono-1,5-lactonase	CEJ45_RS11995	CEJ45_RS18980
fucD	L-fuconate dehydratase	CEJ45_RS12025	CEJ45_RS14255
fucDH	2-keto-3-deoxy-L-fuconate 4-dehydrogenase	CEJ45_RS14265	CEJ45_RS13935
KDF-hydrolase	2,4-diketo-3-deoxy-L-fuconate hydrolase	CEJ45_RS22965	CEJ45_RS22490
Alternative steps:
aldA	lactaldehyde dehydrogenase	CEJ45_RS06185	CEJ45_RS12165
BPHYT_RS34240	ABC transporter for L-fucose, permease component	CEJ45_RS08045	CEJ45_RS11930
BPHYT_RS34245	ABC transporter for L-fucose, ATPase component	CEJ45_RS12090	CEJ45_RS12010
BPHYT_RS34250	ABC transporter for L-fucose, substrate-binding component
fucA	L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase FucA	CEJ45_RS10170
fucI	L-fucose isomerase FucI
fucK	L-fuculose kinase FucK
fucO	L-lactaldehyde reductase	CEJ45_RS23130	CEJ45_RS02140
fucP	L-fucose:H+ symporter FucP
SM_b21103	ABC transporter for L-fucose, substrate-binding component
SM_b21104	ABC transporter for L-fucose, permease component 1	CEJ45_RS09495
SM_b21105	ABC transporter for L-fucose, permease component 2	CEJ45_RS09490	CEJ45_RS16815
SM_b21106	ABC transporter for L-fucose, ATPase component	CEJ45_RS09505	CEJ45_RS13850
tpi	triose-phosphate isomerase	CEJ45_RS05460	CEJ45_RS07745

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.

This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.

Downloads

Candidates (tab-delimited)
Steps (tab-delimited)
Rules (tab-delimited)
Protein sequences (fasta format)
Organisms (tab-delimited)
SQLite3 databases

Related tools

About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

ublast finds a hit to a characterized protein at above 40% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits+10.
- (Hits to curated proteins without experimental data as to their function are never considered high confidence.)
HMMer finds a hit with 80% coverage of the model, and either other identity < 40 or other coverage < 0.75.

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

ublast finds a hit at above 40% identity and 70% coverage (ignoring otherBits).
ublast finds a hit at above 30% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits.
HMMer finds a hit (regardless of coverage or other bits).

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

our ignorance of proteins' functions,
omissions in the gene models,
frame-shift errors in the genome sequence, or
the organism lacks the pathway.

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

the paper from 2019 on GapMind for amino acid biosynthesis
the paper from 2022 on GapMind for carbon sources
the source code
instructions for running GapMind on your computer

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

GapMind for catabolism of small carbon sources