GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis

 

L-arginine biosynthesis in Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180

Best path

argA, argB, argC, argD, argE, carA, carB, argI, argG, argH

Rules

Overview: Arginine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-arginine biosynthesis I via L-acetyl-ornithine (link), II (acetyl cycle) (link), III via N-acetyl-L-citrulline (link), or IV via LysW-ornithine (link). GapMind also includes L-arginine biosynthesis with succinylated intermediates, as in Bacteroidetes (PMC5764234). These pathways all involve the activation of glutamate (by aceylation, succinylation, or attachment of LysW), followed by phosphorylation, reduction and transamination, to activated ornithine. In most pathways, this intermediate is cleaved to ornithine before transcarbamoylation, but in the N-acetylcitrulline or succinylated pathways, transcarbamoylation occurs before hydrolysis. In the final two steps, citrulline is converted to arginine by ArgG and ArgH.

21 steps (16 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
argA N-acylglutamate synthase ALVIN_RS07685 ALVIN_RS00725
argB N-acylglutamate kinase ALVIN_RS14940 ALVIN_RS07685
argC N-acylglutamylphosphate reductase ALVIN_RS00525
argD N-acetylornithine aminotransferase ALVIN_RS09555 ALVIN_RS00500
argE N-acetylornithine deacetylase ALVIN_RS14120
carA carbamoyl phosphate synthase subunit alpha ALVIN_RS03525 ALVIN_RS00845
carB carbamoyl phosphate synthase subunit beta ALVIN_RS03530
argI ornithine carbamoyltransferase ALVIN_RS09560 ALVIN_RS01020
argG arginosuccinate synthetase ALVIN_RS11620
argH argininosuccinate lyase ALVIN_RS02470
Alternative steps:
argD'B N-succinylornithine aminotransferase ALVIN_RS09555 ALVIN_RS06090
argE'B N-succinylcitrulline desuccinylase
argF' acetylornithine transcarbamoylase ALVIN_RS09560
argF'B N-succinylornithine carbamoyltransferase
argJ ornithine acetyltransferase ALVIN_RS00725
argX glutamate--LysW ligase
lysJ [LysW]-glutamate-semialdehyde aminotransferase ALVIN_RS09555 ALVIN_RS00500
lysK [LysW]-ornithine hydrolase
lysW 2-aminoadipate/glutamate carrier protein
lysY [LysW]-glutamate-6-phosphate reductase ALVIN_RS00525
lysZ [LysW]-glutamate kinase ALVIN_RS14940

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway

This GapMind analysis is from Jul 25 2024. The underlying query database was built on Jul 25 2024.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory