GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis

 

L-proline biosynthesis in Methylohalobius crimeensis 10Ki

Best path

proB, proA, proC

Rules

Overview: Proline biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-proline biosynthesis I from L-glutamate (link) and III via L-ornithine aminotransferase (link). GapMind also describes proline synthesis via ornithine cyclodeaminase (PMID:11489875). Pathway II from arginine (link) should perhaps be included, but is not; it is reported in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and the bacteria it was reported in also have pathway I. Pathway IV is not included because it is not reported in prokaryotes (link). Also, pathway III is described in MetaCyc as occuring only in plants, but it has been reported in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis (PMC5846162).

17 steps (14 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
proB glutamate 5-kinase H035_RS0113865 H035_RS0103780
proA gamma-glutamylphosphate reductase H035_RS0103780
proC pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase H035_RS0111695
Alternative steps:
argA N-acylglutamate synthase H035_RS0111105 H035_RS0100440
argB N-acylglutamate kinase H035_RS0106980 H035_RS0111105
argC N-acylglutamylphosphate reductase H035_RS0106115
argD N-acetylornithine aminotransferase H035_RS0111080 H035_RS0104615
argE N-acetylornithine deacetylase H035_RS0111100 H035_RS0104000
argJ ornithine acetyltransferase H035_RS0100440
argX glutamate--LysW ligase H035_RS0108665
cyclodeaminase ornithine cyclodeaminase
lysJ [LysW]-glutamate-semialdehyde aminotransferase H035_RS0106595 H035_RS0111080
lysK [LysW]-ornithine hydrolase
lysW 2-aminoadipate/glutamate carrier protein
lysY [LysW]-glutamate-6-phosphate reductase H035_RS0106115
lysZ [LysW]-glutamate kinase H035_RS0106980
OAT L-ornithine 5-aminotransferase H035_RS0111080 H035_RS0106595

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway

This GapMind analysis is from Jul 25 2024. The underlying query database was built on Jul 25 2024.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory