GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis

 

L-arginine biosynthesis in Oleispira antarctica RB-8

Best path

argA, argB, argC, argD, argE, carA, carB, argI, argG, argH

Rules

Overview: Arginine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-arginine biosynthesis I via L-acetyl-ornithine (link), II (acetyl cycle) (link), III via N-acetyl-L-citrulline (link), or IV via LysW-ornithine (link). GapMind also includes L-arginine biosynthesis with succinylated intermediates, as in Bacteroidetes (PMC5764234). These pathways all involve the activation of glutamate (by aceylation, succinylation, or attachment of LysW), followed by phosphorylation, reduction and transamination, to activated ornithine. In most pathways, this intermediate is cleaved to ornithine before transcarbamoylation, but in the N-acetylcitrulline or succinylated pathways, transcarbamoylation occurs before hydrolysis. In the final two steps, citrulline is converted to arginine by ArgG and ArgH.

21 steps (18 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
argA N-acylglutamate synthase OLEAN_RS17770 OLEAN_RS15225
argB N-acylglutamate kinase OLEAN_RS19500 OLEAN_RS17770
argC N-acylglutamylphosphate reductase OLEAN_RS01095
argD N-acetylornithine aminotransferase OLEAN_RS06405 OLEAN_RS03755
argE N-acetylornithine deacetylase OLEAN_RS17765
carA carbamoyl phosphate synthase subunit alpha OLEAN_RS03490 OLEAN_RS02025
carB carbamoyl phosphate synthase subunit beta OLEAN_RS03495
argI ornithine carbamoyltransferase OLEAN_RS12135 OLEAN_RS06400
argG arginosuccinate synthetase OLEAN_RS13760
argH argininosuccinate lyase OLEAN_RS18780
Alternative steps:
argD'B N-succinylornithine aminotransferase OLEAN_RS06405 OLEAN_RS03755
argE'B N-succinylcitrulline desuccinylase OLEAN_RS17765
argF' acetylornithine transcarbamoylase OLEAN_RS06400
argF'B N-succinylornithine carbamoyltransferase
argJ ornithine acetyltransferase OLEAN_RS15225
argX glutamate--LysW ligase OLEAN_RS03515
lysJ [LysW]-glutamate-semialdehyde aminotransferase OLEAN_RS06405 OLEAN_RS15795
lysK [LysW]-ornithine hydrolase
lysW 2-aminoadipate/glutamate carrier protein
lysY [LysW]-glutamate-6-phosphate reductase OLEAN_RS01095
lysZ [LysW]-glutamate kinase OLEAN_RS19500

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway

This GapMind analysis is from Jul 25 2024. The underlying query database was built on Jul 25 2024.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory