GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis

 

L-lysine biosynthesis in Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans ALJD

Best path

asp-kinase, asd, dapA, dapB, dapD, dapC, dapE, dapF, lysA

Rules

Overview: Lysine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-lysine biosynthesis I via diaminopimelate (DAP) and succinylated intermediates (link), II with DAP and acetylated intermediates (link), III with DAP and no blocking group (link), V via 2-aminoadipate and LysW carrier protein (link), and VI with DAP aminotransferase (link). Most of these pathways involve tetrahydrodipicolinate and meso-diaminopimelate, with variations in how the amino group is introduced. Pathway V instead involves L-2-aminoadipate and LysW-attached intermediates. Lysine biosynthesis IV (link), via 2-aminoadipate and saccharopine, is only reported to occur in eukaryotes and is not described here.

25 steps (20 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
asp-kinase aspartate kinase B1C78_RS02020 B1C78_RS08605
asd aspartate semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase B1C78_RS03695
dapA 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase B1C78_RS12230
dapB 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase B1C78_RS11645
dapD tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase B1C78_RS04140
dapC N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase B1C78_RS04135 B1C78_RS07075
dapE succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase B1C78_RS04150 B1C78_RS13800
dapF diaminopimelate epimerase B1C78_RS11400
lysA diaminopimelate decarboxylase B1C78_RS11385 B1C78_RS07765
Alternative steps:
dapH tetrahydrodipicolinate acetyltransferase B1C78_RS04140 B1C78_RS17210
dapL N-acetyl-diaminopimelate deacetylase
DAPtransferase L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase B1C78_RS08600 B1C78_RS04135
dapX acetyl-diaminopimelate aminotransferase B1C78_RS03195 B1C78_RS05045
ddh meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase
hcs homocitrate synthase B1C78_RS09770
hicdh homo-isocitrate dehydrogenase B1C78_RS16450 B1C78_RS03700
lysJ [LysW]-2-aminoadipate semialdehyde transaminase B1C78_RS04430 B1C78_RS16665
lysK [LysW]-lysine hydrolase
lysN 2-aminoadipate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase B1C78_RS03195 B1C78_RS04430
lysT homoaconitase large subunit B1C78_RS03710
lysU homoaconitase small subunit B1C78_RS03705
lysW 2-aminoadipate/glutamate carrier protein
lysX 2-aminoadipate-LysW ligase
lysY [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate reductase B1C78_RS00050
lysZ [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-kinase B1C78_RS06275

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway

This GapMind analysis is from Jul 25 2024. The underlying query database was built on Jul 25 2024.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory