GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis

 

L-lysine biosynthesis in Nitratiruptor tergarcus DSM 16512

Best path

asp-kinase, asd, dapA, dapB, dapD, dapC, dapE, dapF, lysA

Rules

Overview: Lysine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-lysine biosynthesis I via diaminopimelate (DAP) and succinylated intermediates (link), II with DAP and acetylated intermediates (link), III with DAP and no blocking group (link), V via 2-aminoadipate and LysW carrier protein (link), and VI with DAP aminotransferase (link). Most of these pathways involve tetrahydrodipicolinate and meso-diaminopimelate, with variations in how the amino group is introduced. Pathway V instead involves L-2-aminoadipate and LysW-attached intermediates. Lysine biosynthesis IV (link), via 2-aminoadipate and saccharopine, is only reported to occur in eukaryotes and is not described here.

25 steps (22 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
asp-kinase aspartate kinase B8779_RS05980
asd aspartate semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase B8779_RS04605
dapA 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase B8779_RS08465
dapB 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase B8779_RS00525
dapD tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase B8779_RS01240
dapC N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase B8779_RS08925 B8779_RS08250
dapE succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase B8779_RS08790 B8779_RS00750
dapF diaminopimelate epimerase B8779_RS02565
lysA diaminopimelate decarboxylase B8779_RS04255
Alternative steps:
dapH tetrahydrodipicolinate acetyltransferase B8779_RS00630 B8779_RS05065
dapL N-acetyl-diaminopimelate deacetylase B8779_RS00750
DAPtransferase L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase B8779_RS00555 B8779_RS06960
dapX acetyl-diaminopimelate aminotransferase B8779_RS06960 B8779_RS08365
ddh meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase
hcs homocitrate synthase B8779_RS09685
hicdh homo-isocitrate dehydrogenase B8779_RS06295
lysJ [LysW]-2-aminoadipate semialdehyde transaminase B8779_RS06270 B8779_RS08250
lysK [LysW]-lysine hydrolase
lysN 2-aminoadipate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase B8779_RS06960 B8779_RS08250
lysT homoaconitase large subunit B8779_RS01390
lysU homoaconitase small subunit B8779_RS06290
lysW 2-aminoadipate/glutamate carrier protein
lysX 2-aminoadipate-LysW ligase B8779_RS07620
lysY [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate reductase B8779_RS09160
lysZ [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-kinase B8779_RS08125

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway

This GapMind analysis is from Jul 25 2024. The underlying query database was built on Jul 25 2024.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory