Pathway | Step | Score | Similar to | Id. | Cov. | Bits | Other hit | Other id. | Other bits |
L-arabinose catabolism | xacF | hi | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 (characterized) | 44% | 98% | 414.5 | long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.48) | 44% | 391.7 |
D-galacturonate catabolism | dopDH | hi | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 (characterized) | 44% | 98% | 414.5 | long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.48) | 44% | 391.7 |
D-glucuronate catabolism | dopDH | hi | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 (characterized) | 44% | 98% | 414.5 | long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.48) | 44% | 391.7 |
D-xylose catabolism | dopDH | hi | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 (characterized) | 44% | 98% | 414.5 | long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.48) | 44% | 391.7 |
L-fucose catabolism | aldA | med | lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.22); 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.26) (characterized) | 42% | 97% | 365.2 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-rhamnose catabolism | aldA | med | lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.22); 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.26) (characterized) | 42% | 97% | 365.2 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-threonine catabolism | aldA | med | lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.22); 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.26) (characterized) | 42% | 97% | 365.2 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
4-hydroxybenzoate catabolism | adh | med | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 43% | 91% | 364.4 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
2'-deoxyinosine catabolism | adh | med | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 43% | 91% | 364.4 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
2-deoxy-D-ribose catabolism | adh | med | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 43% | 91% | 364.4 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
ethanol catabolism | adh | med | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 43% | 91% | 364.4 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-threonine catabolism | adh | med | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 43% | 91% | 364.4 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
thymidine catabolism | adh | med | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 43% | 91% | 364.4 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-tryptophan catabolism | adh | med | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 43% | 91% | 364.4 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | gabD | med | NAD(P)-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16) (characterized) | 40% | 96% | 353.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-citrulline catabolism | gabD | med | NAD(P)-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16) (characterized) | 40% | 96% | 353.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
putrescine catabolism | gabD | med | NAD(P)-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16) (characterized) | 40% | 96% | 353.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-phenylalanine catabolism | pad-dh | med | phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase monomer (EC 1.2.1.39) (characterized) | 41% | 97% | 340.1 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
4-hydroxybenzoate catabolism | praB | med | 2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.85) (characterized) | 41% | 97% | 338.2 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-tryptophan catabolism | praB | med | 2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.85) (characterized) | 41% | 97% | 338.2 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | davD | lo | glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.20) (characterized) | 39% | 98% | 349 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-citrulline catabolism | davD | lo | glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.20) (characterized) | 39% | 98% | 349 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-lysine catabolism | davD | lo | glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.20) (characterized) | 39% | 98% | 349 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-proline catabolism | davD | lo | glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.20) (characterized) | 39% | 98% | 349 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | patD | lo | 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.47) (characterized) | 39% | 93% | 332.8 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-citrulline catabolism | patD | lo | 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.47) (characterized) | 39% | 93% | 332.8 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
putrescine catabolism | patD | lo | 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.47) (characterized) | 39% | 93% | 332.8 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | kauB | lo | 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.54) (characterized) | 39% | 96% | 328.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | puuC | lo | 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.54) (characterized) | 39% | 96% | 328.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-citrulline catabolism | puuC | lo | 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.54) (characterized) | 39% | 96% | 328.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
putrescine catabolism | puuC | lo | 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.54) (characterized) | 39% | 96% | 328.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-valine catabolism | mmsA | lo | Malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1; MSA dehydrogenase 1; EC 1.2.1.-; Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1; MMSA dehydrogenase 1; MSDH 1; EC 1.2.1.27 (uncharacterized) | 39% | 97% | 326.2 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | putA | lo | L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88) (characterized) | 39% | 92% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | rocA | lo | L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88) (characterized) | 39% | 92% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-citrulline catabolism | putA | lo | L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88) (characterized) | 39% | 92% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-citrulline catabolism | rocA | lo | L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88) (characterized) | 39% | 92% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-isoleucine catabolism | iolA | lo | methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) (EC 1.2.1.27) (characterized) | 38% | 98% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
myo-inositol catabolism | mmsA | lo | methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) (EC 1.2.1.27) (characterized) | 38% | 98% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-proline catabolism | putA | lo | L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88) (characterized) | 39% | 92% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
propionate catabolism | iolA | lo | methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) (EC 1.2.1.27) (characterized) | 38% | 98% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-threonine catabolism | iolA | lo | methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) (EC 1.2.1.27) (characterized) | 38% | 98% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-valine catabolism | iolA | lo | methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) (EC 1.2.1.27) (characterized) | 38% | 98% | 324.3 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-tryptophan catabolism | nbaE | lo | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) (characterized) | 39% | 95% | 323.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-lysine catabolism | amaB | lo | Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Alpha-AASA dehydrogenase; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1; Antiquitin-1; Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase; Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase; P6c dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.31; EC 1.2.1.3; EC 1.2.1.8 (characterized) | 38% | 88% | 315.5 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arabinose catabolism | aldA | lo | lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.22); D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.89) (characterized) | 36% | 99% | 300.8 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
D-xylose catabolism | aldA | lo | lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.22); D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.89) (characterized) | 36% | 99% | 300.8 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-lysine catabolism | patD | lo | aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.19) (characterized) | 34% | 100% | 288.5 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-arginine catabolism | astD | lo | N-succinylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.71; Succinylglutamic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; SGSD (uncharacterized) | 36% | 92% | 229.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
L-citrulline catabolism | astD | lo | N-succinylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.71; Succinylglutamic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; SGSD (uncharacterized) | 36% | 92% | 229.6 | Alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase; alphaKGSA dehydrogenase; 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.26 | 44% | 414.5 |
This GapMind analysis is from Apr 09 2024. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using
ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST)
against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using
HMMer with enzyme models (usually from
TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps."
For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways.
For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete
high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and
there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time.
Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know