GapMind for catabolism of small carbon sources

 

L-lysine catabolism in Methanobacterium lacus AL-21

Best path

lysP, lat, amaB, lysN, hglS, ydiJ

Rules

Overview: Lysine degradation in GapMind is based on many metacyc pathways (link), including L-lysine degradation I via cadaverine (link), pathway IV via lysine monooxygenase (link), pathway V via D-lysine (link), pathway VI via lysine 6-aminotransferase (link), pathway VIII via lysine 6-dehydrogenase (link), and fermentation to acetate and butanoate (link). Pathway X (link) is similar to pathway I (with cadaverine and glutarate as intermediates), but glutarate is consumed via glutaryl-CoA (as in pathway IV); it does not introduce any new steps. Pathways II (L-pipecolate pathway) and III (via N6-acetyllysine) and VII (via 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate) and IX (similar to pathway IV) and XI (via saccharopine) are not thought to occur in prokaryotes and are not included in GapMind.

44 steps (12 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
lysP L-lysine:H+ symporter LysP
lat L-lysine 6-aminotransferase
amaB L-2-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AmaB/Pcd) METBO_RS02115
lysN 2-aminoadipate transaminase METBO_RS03620 METBO_RS03630
hglS D-2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
ydiJ (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
Alternative steps:
alr lysine racemase METBO_RS04830
amaA L-pipecolate oxidase
amaD D-lysine oxidase
argT L-lysine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component ArgT
atoB acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase METBO_RS06870
bcd butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD+, ferredoxin), dehydrogenase subunit
bgtB L-histidine ABC transporter, fused substrate-binding and permease components (BgtB/BgtAB)
cadA lysine decarboxylase
ctfA butanoyl-CoA:acetoacetate CoA-transferase, alpha subunit
ctfB butanoyl-CoA:acetoacetate CoA-transferase, beta subunit
davA 5-aminovaleramidase METBO_RS09295
davB L-lysine 2-monooxygenase
davD glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase METBO_RS02115
davT 5-aminovalerate aminotransferase METBO_RS00600 METBO_RS10535
dpkA 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase METBO_RS01645 METBO_RS00250
ech (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase
etfA butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD+, ferredoxin), etfA subunit
etfB butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD+, ferredoxin), etfB subunit
fadB (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase
gcdG succinyl-CoA:glutarate CoA-transferase
gcdH glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
glaH glutarate 2-hydroxylase, succinate-releasing (GlaH or CsiD)
hisM L-lysine ABC transporter, permease component 1 (HisM)
hisP L-lysine ABC transporter, ATPase component HisP METBO_RS08905 METBO_RS07515
hisQ L-lysine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (HisQ)
kal 3-aminobutyryl-CoA deaminase
kamA L-lysine 2,3-aminomutase
kamD L-beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase, alpha subunit
kamE L-beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase, beta subunit
kce (S)-5-amino-3-oxohexanoate cleavage enzyme
kdd 3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase
lhgD L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase or oxidase (LhgD or LhgO)
LHT L-lysine transporter
lysDH L-lysine 6-dehydrogenase
lysL L-lysine transporter LysL
patA cadaverine aminotransferase METBO_RS00600 METBO_RS10535
patD 5-aminopentanal dehydrogenase METBO_RS02115
Slc7a1 L-lysine transporter Slc7a1 METBO_RS09225 METBO_RS09230

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.

This GapMind analysis is from Apr 09 2024. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory