Found 164 low-confidence and 60 medium-confidence steps on the best paths for 62 pathways.
Pathway | Step | Best candidate | 2nd candidate |
2-oxoglutarate | kgtP: 2-oxoglutarate:H+ symporter KgtP | | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | bamF: class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamF subunit | H567_RS0120850 | H567_RS29250 |
4-hydroxybenzoate | bamG: class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamG subunit | H567_RS0103085 | H567_RS0110430 |
4-hydroxybenzoate | bamH: class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamH subunit | H567_RS0102625 | H567_RS0103080 |
4-hydroxybenzoate | bamI: class II benzoyl-CoA reductase, BamI subunit | H567_RS0120685 | H567_RS26855 |
4-hydroxybenzoate | fcbT1: tripartite 4-hydroxybenzoate transporter, substrate-binding component FcbT1 | H567_RS0113405 | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | fcbT2: tripartite 4-hydroxybenzoate transporter, small DctQ-like component FcbT2 | | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | gcdH: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase | H567_RS0110890 | H567_RS0117975 |
4-hydroxybenzoate | hcrB: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase, beta subunit | H567_RS0121790 | H567_RS0120050 |
4-hydroxybenzoate | hcrC: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase, gamma subunit | H567_RS0110275 | H567_RS0120045 |
4-hydroxybenzoate | pimB: 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA:CoA acetyltransferase | H567_RS0110730 | H567_RS0115465 |
alanine | braC: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, substrate binding protein (BraC/NatB) | H567_RS0109120 | |
alanine | braE: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (BraE/NatC) | H567_RS0109130 | H567_RS0114750 |
alanine | braF: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, ATP-binding component 1 (BraF/NatA) | H567_RS23995 | H567_RS23835 |
alanine | braG: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, ATP-binding component 2 (BraG/NatE) | H567_RS0109140 | H567_RS0107395 |
arabinose | araA: L-arabinose isomerase | | |
arabinose | araB: ribulokinase | | |
arabinose | araD: L-ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase | | |
arabinose | araE: L-arabinose:H+ symporter | | |
arginine | rocA: 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase | | |
arginine | rocD: ornithine aminotransferase | H567_RS0108365 | H567_RS0101805 |
arginine | rocE: L-arginine permease | | |
arginine | rocF: arginase | | |
asparagine | ans: asparaginase | H567_RS0110675 | |
asparagine | glt: aspartate:proton symporter Glt | | |
aspartate | glt: aspartate:proton symporter Glt | | |
cellobiose | cbp: cellobiose phosphorylase | | |
cellobiose | cdt: cellobiose transporter cdt-1/cdt-2 | | |
citrate | SLC13A5: citrate:Na+ symporter | | |
citrulline | AO353_03040: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, ATPase component | H567_RS0105135 | H567_RS0117690 |
citrulline | AO353_03045: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, permease component 2 | | |
citrulline | AO353_03050: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, permease component 1 | | |
citrulline | AO353_03055: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, periplasmic substrate-binding component | | |
citrulline | arcC: carbamate kinase | | |
citrulline | rocA: 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase | | |
citrulline | rocD: ornithine aminotransferase | H567_RS0108365 | H567_RS0101805 |
D-alanine | cycA: D-alanine:H+ symporter CycA | | |
D-alanine | dadA: D-alanine dehydrogenase | | |
D-lactate | D-LDH: D-lactate dehydrogenase | H567_RS0109920 | H567_RS0115845 |
D-lactate | lctP: D-lactate:H+ symporter LctP or LidP | | |
D-serine | cycA: D-serine:H+ symporter CycA | | |
D-serine | dsdA: D-serine ammonia-lyase | H567_RS0118160 | |
deoxyinosine | adh: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (not acylating) | H567_RS0113835 | |
deoxyinosine | deoB: phosphopentomutase | | |
deoxyinosine | deoC: deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase | | |
deoxyinosine | nupC: deoxyinosine:H+ symporter NupC | H567_RS0116185 | |
deoxyribonate | deoxyribonate-dehyd: 2-deoxy-D-ribonate 3-dehydrogenase | H567_RS0117055 | H567_RS0117980 |
deoxyribonate | deoxyribonate-transport: 2-deoxy-D-ribonate transporter | | |
deoxyribonate | ketodeoxyribonate-cleavage: 2-deoxy-3-keto-D-ribonate cleavage enzyme | H567_RS0115950 | |
deoxyribose | adh: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (not acylating) | H567_RS0113835 | |
deoxyribose | deoC: deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase | | |
deoxyribose | deoK: deoxyribokinase | | |
deoxyribose | deoP: deoxyribose transporter | | |
ethanol | adh: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (not acylating) | H567_RS0113835 | |
fructose | 1pfk: 1-phosphofructokinase | | |
fructose | fba: fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | H567_RS22300 | H567_RS0100630 |
fructose | fruII-ABC: fructose-specific PTS system (fructose 1-phosphate forming), EII-ABC components | | |
fucose | aldA: lactaldehyde dehydrogenase | | |
fucose | fucA: L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase FucA | H567_RS0109585 | |
fucose | fucI: L-fucose isomerase FucI | | |
fucose | fucK: L-fuculose kinase FucK | | |
fucose | fucP: L-fucose:H+ symporter FucP | | |
fucose | fucU: L-fucose mutarotase FucU | | |
fumarate | dctA: fumarate:H+ symporter DctA | | |
galactose | galK: galactokinase (-1-phosphate forming) | | |
galactose | galP: galactose:H+ symporter GalP | | |
galactose | galT: UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | | |
galacturonate | eda: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate 6-phosphate aldolase | | |
galacturonate | exuT: D-galacturonate transporter ExuT | | |
galacturonate | kdgK: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate kinase | | |
galacturonate | uxaA: D-altronate dehydratase | | |
galacturonate | uxaB: tagaturonate reductase | | |
galacturonate | uxaC: D-galacturonate isomerase | | |
gluconate | gntK: D-gluconate kinase | | |
gluconate | gntT: gluconate:H+ symporter GntT | | |
glucosamine | gamP: glucosamine PTS system, EII-CBA components (GamP/NagE) | | |
glucosamine | nagB: glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase (isomerizing) | H567_RS0116780 | |
glucose | MFS-glucose: glucose transporter, MFS superfamily | | |
glucose-6-P | uhpT: glucose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter | | |
glucuronate | exuT: D-glucuronate:H+ symporter ExuT | | |
glucuronate | garL: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase | H567_RS0101840 | |
glucuronate | garR: tartronate semialdehyde reductase | | |
glucuronate | gci: D-glucaro-1,4-lactone cycloisomerase | | |
glucuronate | udh: D-glucuronate dehydrogenase | | |
glutamate | gdhA: glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent | H567_RS0107180 | |
glutamate | gltS: L-glutamate:Na+ symporter GltS | | |
glycerol | dhaK': dihydroxyacetone kinase, ATP dependent (monomeric) | | |
glycerol | glpF: glycerol facilitator glpF | | |
histidine | hutG: N-formiminoglutamate formiminohydrolase | | |
histidine | hutH: histidine ammonia-lyase | | |
histidine | hutI: imidazole-5-propionate hydrolase | | |
histidine | hutU: urocanase | | |
histidine | LAT2: L-histidine transporter | H567_RS25310 | |
isoleucine | acdH: (2S)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase | H567_RS0110860 | H567_RS0104145 |
isoleucine | ech: 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA hydro-lyase | H567_RS0110895 | H567_RS0115475 |
isoleucine | ivdG: 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase | H567_RS0117055 | H567_RS0106010 |
isoleucine | livJ: L-isoleucine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component (LivJ/LivK/BraC/BraC3) | H567_RS0109120 | |
isoleucine | pccA: propionyl-CoA carboxylase, alpha subunit | | |
isoleucine | vorC: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, gamma subunit VorC | H567_RS0102595 | |
L-lactate | L-LDH: L-lactate dehydrogenase | H567_RS0102105 | H567_RS0120690 |
L-lactate | Shew_2731: L-lactate:Na+ symporter, large component | | |
L-malate | sdlC: L-malate:Na+ symporter SdlC | | |
lactose | galK: galactokinase (-1-phosphate forming) | | |
lactose | galT: UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | | |
lactose | lacP: lactose permease LacP | | |
lactose | lacZ: lactase (homomeric) | | |
leucine | liuA: isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase | H567_RS0104145 | H567_RS0110860 |
leucine | liuB: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, alpha (biotin-containing) subunit | | |
leucine | liuC: 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase | H567_RS0120240 | H567_RS0115475 |
leucine | liuD: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, beta subunit | H567_RS0117950 | H567_RS0106055 |
leucine | liuE: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase | | |
leucine | livJ: L-leucine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component (LivJ/LivK/BraC/BraC3) | H567_RS0109120 | |
leucine | vorC: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, gamma subunit VorC | H567_RS0102595 | |
lysine | davA: 5-aminovaleramidase | H567_RS26720 | H567_RS0102185 |
lysine | davB: L-lysine 2-monooxygenase | | |
lysine | davD: glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase | | |
lysine | davT: 5-aminovalerate aminotransferase | H567_RS0101805 | H567_RS0108365 |
lysine | gcdG: succinyl-CoA:glutarate CoA-transferase | H567_RS0117995 | |
lysine | gcdH: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase | H567_RS0110890 | H567_RS0117975 |
lysine | lysP: L-lysine:H+ symporter LysP | | |
maltose | malA: 6-phospho-alphaglucosidase | | |
maltose | malEIICBA: maltose phosphotransferase system, EII-CBA components | | |
mannitol | mtlA: mannitol phosphotransferase system, EII-CBA components | | |
mannitol | mtlD: mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase | | |
mannose | manP: mannose PTS system, EII-CBA components | | |
myoinositol | iolB: 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate isomerase | | |
myoinositol | iolC: 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate kinase | | |
myoinositol | iolD: 3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione hydrolase | | |
myoinositol | iolE: scyllo-inosose 2-dehydratase | | |
myoinositol | iolG: myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase | | |
myoinositol | iolJ: 5-dehydro-2-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase | | |
myoinositol | iolT: myo-inositol:H+ symporter | | |
myoinositol | mmsA: malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase | | |
NAG | nagA: N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase | | |
NAG | nagB: glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase (isomerizing) | H567_RS0116780 | |
NAG | nagEcba: N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system, EII-CBA components | | |
phenylacetate | paaA: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit A | | |
phenylacetate | paaB: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit B | | |
phenylacetate | paaC: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit C | | |
phenylacetate | paaE: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit E | | |
phenylacetate | paaF: 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase | H567_RS0110895 | H567_RS0115475 |
phenylacetate | paaJ1: 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA thiolase | H567_RS0110065 | H567_RS0110730 |
phenylacetate | paaJ2: 3-oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase | H567_RS0110065 | H567_RS0115465 |
phenylacetate | paaT: phenylacetate transporter Paa | | |
phenylacetate | paaZ1: oxepin-CoA hydrolase | H567_RS0115155 | H567_RS0115475 |
phenylacetate | paaZ2: 3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase | | |
phenylalanine | livF: L-phenylalanine ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 (LivF) | H567_RS0109140 | H567_RS0107395 |
phenylalanine | livJ: L-phenylalanine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component LivJ/LivK | H567_RS0109120 | |
phenylalanine | paaA: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit A | | |
phenylalanine | paaB: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit B | | |
phenylalanine | paaC: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit C | | |
phenylalanine | paaE: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit E | | |
phenylalanine | paaF: 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase | H567_RS0110895 | H567_RS0115475 |
phenylalanine | paaJ1: 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA thiolase | H567_RS0110065 | H567_RS0110730 |
phenylalanine | paaJ2: 3-oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase | H567_RS0110065 | H567_RS0115465 |
phenylalanine | paaZ1: oxepin-CoA hydrolase | H567_RS0115155 | H567_RS0115475 |
phenylalanine | paaZ2: 3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase | | |
proline | HSERO_RS00870: proline ABC transporter, substrate-binding component | | |
proline | HSERO_RS00885: proline ABC transporter, permease component 1 | H567_RS0109125 | H567_RS0114745 |
proline | HSERO_RS00895: proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 | H567_RS23995 | H567_RS0114755 |
proline | HSERO_RS00900: proline ABC transporter, ATPase component 2 | H567_RS0109140 | H567_RS0108405 |
proline | put1: proline dehydrogenase | H567_RS0114335 | |
proline | putA: L-glutamate 5-semialdeyde dehydrogenase | | |
propionate | pccA: propionyl-CoA carboxylase, alpha subunit | | |
propionate | putP: propionate transporter; proline:Na+ symporter | | |
putrescine | gabD: succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase | | |
putrescine | gabT: gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase | H567_RS0102770 | H567_RS0101805 |
putrescine | patA: putrescine aminotransferase (PatA/SpuC) | H567_RS0102770 | H567_RS0101805 |
putrescine | patD: gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | | |
putrescine | puuP: putrescine:H+ symporter PuuP/PlaP | | |
pyruvate | yjcH: putative small subunit of pyruvate transporter (yjcH-like) | H567_RS0111510 | |
rhamnose | aldA: lactaldehyde dehydrogenase | | |
rhamnose | LRA1: L-rhamnofuranose dehydrogenase | H567_RS0106010 | H567_RS0117980 |
rhamnose | LRA2: L-rhamnono-gamma-lactonase | | |
rhamnose | LRA3: L-rhamnonate dehydratase | | |
rhamnose | LRA4: 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate aldolase | | |
rhamnose | rhaT: L-rhamnose:H+ symporter RhaT | | |
ribose | rbsK: ribokinase | | |
ribose | rbsU: probable D-ribose transporter RbsU | | |
serine | braC: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, substrate binding protein (BraC/NatB) | H567_RS0109120 | |
serine | braE: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (BraE/NatC) | H567_RS0109130 | H567_RS0114750 |
serine | braF: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, ATP-binding component 1 (BraF/NatA) | H567_RS23995 | H567_RS23835 |
serine | braG: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, ATP-binding component 2 (BraG/NatE) | H567_RS0109140 | H567_RS0107395 |
sorbitol | mtlA: PTS system for polyols, EII-CBA components | | |
sorbitol | srlD: sorbitol 6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase | H567_RS0117055 | H567_RS0106010 |
succinate | satP: succinate:H+ symporter SatP | H567_RS0121480 | |
sucrose | ams: sucrose hydrolase (invertase) | | |
sucrose | MFS-glucose: glucose transporter, MFS superfamily | | |
threonine | braC: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, substrate binding protein (BraC/NatB) | H567_RS0109120 | |
threonine | braE: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (BraE/NatC) | H567_RS0109130 | H567_RS0114750 |
threonine | braF: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, ATP-binding component 1 (BraF/NatA) | H567_RS23995 | H567_RS23835 |
threonine | braG: L-alanine/L-serine/L-threonine ABC transporter, ATP-binding component 2 (BraG/NatE) | H567_RS0109140 | H567_RS0107395 |
threonine | pccA: propionyl-CoA carboxylase, alpha subunit | | |
threonine | tdcE: 2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase | | |
thymidine | adh: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (not acylating) | H567_RS0113835 | |
thymidine | deoA: thymidine phosphorylase DeoA | | |
thymidine | deoB: phosphopentomutase | | |
thymidine | deoC: deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase | | |
thymidine | nupC: thymidine permease NupC | H567_RS0116185 | |
trehalose | PsTP: trehalose phosphorylase | | |
trehalose | TRET1: facilitated trehalose transporter Tret1 | | |
tryptophan | aroP: tryptophan:H+ symporter AroP | | |
tryptophan | tnaA: tryptophanase | | |
tyrosine | Ac3H11_1692: L-tyrosine ABC transporter, ATPase component 2 | H567_RS0109140 | H567_RS0108405 |
tyrosine | Ac3H11_1693: L-tyrosine ABC transporter, ATPase component 1 | H567_RS23995 | H567_RS23835 |
tyrosine | Ac3H11_1695: L-tyrosine ABC transporter, permease component 1 | H567_RS0109125 | H567_RS0114745 |
tyrosine | Ac3H11_2396: L-tyrosine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component component | | |
tyrosine | fahA: fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase | H567_RS24120 | |
tyrosine | hmgA: homogentisate dioxygenase | | |
tyrosine | HPD: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase | | |
tyrosine | maiA: maleylacetoacetate isomerase | | |
valine | acdH: isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase | H567_RS0110860 | H567_RS0104145 |
valine | bch: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase | H567_RS0118000 | H567_RS0120240 |
valine | livJ: L-valine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component (LivJ/LivK/BraC/BraC3) | H567_RS0109120 | |
valine | livM: L-valine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (LivM/BraE) | H567_RS0109130 | H567_RS0114750 |
valine | mmsA: methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase | | |
valine | mmsB: 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase | | |
valine | pccA: propionyl-CoA carboxylase, alpha subunit | | |
valine | vorC: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, gamma subunit VorC | H567_RS0102595 | |
xylitol | fruI: xylitol PTS, enzyme IIABC (FruI) | | |
xylitol | x5p-reductase: D-xylulose-5-phosphate 2-reductase | H567_RS0113835 | |
xylose | xylA: xylose isomerase | | |
xylose | xylB: xylulokinase | | |
xylose | xylT: D-xylose transporter | | |
This GapMind analysis is from Apr 09 2024. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using
ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST)
against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using
HMMer with enzyme models (usually from
TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps."
For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways.
For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete
high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and
there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time.
Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know