asp-kinase, asd, dapA, dapB, dapD, dapC, dapE?, dapF, lysA
Also see fitness data for the top candidates
Overview: Lysine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-lysine biosynthesis I via diaminopimelate (DAP) and succinylated intermediates (link), II with DAP and acetylated intermediates (link), III with DAP and no blocking group (link), V via 2-aminoadipate and LysW carrier protein (link), and VI with DAP aminotransferase (link). Most of these pathways involve tetrahydrodipicolinate and meso-diaminopimelate, with variations in how the amino group is introduced. Pathway V instead involves L-2-aminoadipate and LysW-attached intermediates. Lysine biosynthesis IV (link), via 2-aminoadipate and saccharopine, is only reported to occur in eukaryotes and is not described here.
Or see definitions of steps
Step | Description | Best candidate | 2nd candidate | Known gap? |
---|---|---|---|---|
asp-kinase | aspartate kinase | CA265_RS23475 | CA265_RS09655 | |
asd | aspartate semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase | CA265_RS15395 | ||
dapA | 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase | CA265_RS02050 | ||
dapB | 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase | CA265_RS15670 | ||
dapD | tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase | CA265_RS02995 | ||
dapC | N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase | CA265_RS09005 | CA265_RS03895 | |
dapE? | succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase | known gap | ||
dapF | diaminopimelate epimerase | CA265_RS23025 | ||
lysA | diaminopimelate decarboxylase | CA265_RS09650 | ||
Alternative steps: | ||||
dapH | tetrahydrodipicolinate acetyltransferase | CA265_RS02995 | CA265_RS05165 | |
dapL | N-acetyl-diaminopimelate deacetylase | CA265_RS17965 | CA265_RS23900 | |
DAPtransferase | L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase | |||
dapX | acetyl-diaminopimelate aminotransferase | CA265_RS07515 | ||
ddh | meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase | |||
hcs | homocitrate synthase | CA265_RS15855 | ||
hicdh | homo-isocitrate dehydrogenase | CA265_RS15850 | ||
lysJ | [LysW]-2-aminoadipate semialdehyde transaminase | CA265_RS15205 | CA265_RS18530 | |
lysK | [LysW]-lysine hydrolase | |||
lysN | 2-aminoadipate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase | CA265_RS07515 | CA265_RS18530 | |
lysT | homoaconitase large subunit | CA265_RS16405 | CA265_RS15830 | |
lysU | homoaconitase small subunit | CA265_RS15840 | CA265_RS16405 | |
lysW | 2-aminoadipate/glutamate carrier protein | |||
lysX | 2-aminoadipate-LysW ligase | |||
lysY | [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate reductase | CA265_RS18540 | ||
lysZ | [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-kinase | CA265_RS18510 |
Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway
This GapMind analysis is from Apr 09 2024. The underlying query database was built on Apr 09 2024.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory