GapMind for catabolism of small carbon sources

 

Definition of acetate catabolism

As rules and steps, or see full text

Rules

Overview: After uptake, acetate can be converted to acetyl-CoA by acs or by ackA and pta, see MetaCyc's superpathway of acetate utilization and formation (link). Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolic intermediate, so further reactions are not represented in GapMind. Acetyl-CoA may be catabolized by the TCA cycle or, in strict anaerobes, by the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. If the TCA cycle is used, then intermediates need to be replenished by anaplaerotic reactions such as the glyoxylate cycle or the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway.

Steps

actP: cation/acetate symporter ActP

ady2: acetate permease Ady2

patA: Acetate transporter PatA

deh: acetate/haloacid transporter

satP: acetate/proton symporter satP

SLC5A8: actetate:Na+ symporter SLC5A8

ybhL: acetate uptake transporter YbhL

dctA: organic acid/proton symporter DctA

acs: acetyl-CoA synthetase, AMP-forming

ackA: acetate kinase

pta: phosphate acetyltransferase

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory