GapMind for catabolism of small carbon sources

 

ethanol catabolism

Analysis of pathway ethanol in 276 genomes

Genome Best path
Acidovorax caeni R-24608 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Actinokineospora bangkokensis 44EHW etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Actinomyces timonensis 7400942 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Algiphilus aromaticivorans DG1253 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Algoriphagus aquaeductus T4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Algoriphagus machipongonensis PR1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Alishewanella agri BL06 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Alistipes indistinctus YIT 12060 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Alistipes shahii WAL 8301 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Alkalitalea saponilacus SC/BZ-SP2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Amantichitinum ursilacus IGB-41 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Amphibacillus jilinensis Y1 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Amphritea japonica JAMM 1866 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Amycolatopsis halophila YIM 93223 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Amycolatopsis xylanica CPCC 202699 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Aquimarina agarilytica ZC1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Aquimarina longa SW024 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Aquimarina macrocephali JAMB N27 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Archaeoglobus sulfaticallidus PM70-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Arcticibacter svalbardensis MN12-7 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Ardenticatena maritima 110S etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Arenimonas metalli CF5-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Arenitalea lutea P7-3-5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Azospirillum humicireducens SgZ-5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Azospirillum thiophilum BV-S etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Bacillus altitudinis 41KF2b etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacillus coahuilensis m4-4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacillus cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacillus horneckiae 1P01SC etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacillus safensis FO-36b etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacillus velezensis CBMB205 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacteroides clarus YIT 12056 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacteroides faecis MAJ27 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacteroides fluxus YIT 12057 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Bacteroides oleiciplenus YIT 12058 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Barnesiella intestinihominis YIT 11860 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Belnapia rosea CPCC 100156 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Bizionia argentinensis JUB59 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Brevibacterium jeotgali SJ5-8 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Brucella inopinata BO1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Brucella microti CCM 4915 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Bryobacter aggregatus MPL3 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis 108 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis 2002 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Carboxydothermus pertinax Ug1 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Catellicoccus marimammalium M35/04/3 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Chromobacterium vaccinii MWU205 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Chryseobacterium angstadtii KM etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-7 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Chryseobacterium viscerum 687B-08 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Cloacibacillus porcorum CL-84 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Cobetia crustatorum JO1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Collimonas arenae Ter10 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Collimonas pratensis Ter91 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Collinsella tanakaei YIT 12063 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Coprobacter fastidiosus NSB1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Corynebacterium frankenforstense ST18 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Corynebacterium lactis RW2-5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Croceitalea dokdonensis DOKDO 023 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Cronobacter condimenti 1330 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Cronobacter muytjensii ATCC 51329 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Cronobacter universalis NCTC 9529 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Desulfatitalea tepidiphila S28bF etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Desulfotomaculum hydrothermale Lam5 etoh-dh-nad*, ald-dh-CoA
Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis USBA 82 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Devosia chinhatensis IPL18 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Devriesea agamarum IMP2 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Dialister succinatiphilus YIT 11850 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Dietzia timorensis ID05-A0528 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Dokdonella koreensis DS-123 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Duganella sacchari Sac-22 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Dyadobacter tibetensis Y620-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Dyella jiangningensis SBZ3-12 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Enterorhabdus caecimuris B7 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Epibacterium ulvae U95 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Erythrobacter gangjinensis K7-2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Erythrobacter marinus HWDM-33 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Ethanoligenens harbinense YUAN-3 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Fervidicella metallireducens AeB etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Fibrella aestuarina BUZ 2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Flammeovirga pacifica WPAGA1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Flaviramulus ichthyoenteri Th78 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Flavobacterium beibuense F44-8 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Flavobacterium glycines Gm-149 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Flavobacterium sp. LM5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Flavobacterium ummariense DS-12 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Frischella perrara PEB0191 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Galbibacter marinus ck-I2-15 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Gallaecimonas xiamenensis 3-C-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Geobacter daltonii FRC-32 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Gillisia marina CBA3202 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Gracilibacillus halophilus YIM-C55.5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Granulicella mallensis MP5ACTX8 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Granulicella tundricola MP5ACTX9 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Hafnia paralvei ATCC 29927 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Haladaptatus cibarius D43 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Halioglobus japonicus S1-36 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Halococcus hamelinensis 100A6 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Halomonas salina B6 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Halomonas smyrnensis AAD6 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Halomonas stevensii S18214 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Halomonas titanicae BH1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Halomonas xinjiangensis TRM 0175 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Halopiger salifodinae KCY07-B2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Halostagnicola larsenii XH-48 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Haloterrigena daqingensis JX313 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Herbaspirillum aquaticum IEH 4430 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Hippea alviniae EP5-r etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Hippea jasoniae Mar08-272r etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Hoeflea phototrophica DFL-43 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans NL23 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Imtechella halotolerans K1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Indibacter alkaliphilus LW1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Jannaschia aquimarina GSW-M26 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Jeotgalibacillus soli P9 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Kangiella geojedonensis YCS-5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Knoellia flava TL1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Kocuria flava HO-9041 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Kocuria turfanensis HO-9042 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Laceyella sediminis RHA1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Lacinutrix algicola AKS293 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Lacinutrix himadriensis E4-9a etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Lacinutrix mariniflava AKS432 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Lactobacillus curieae CCTCC M 2011381 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ZN7a-9 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis LOOC260 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Lactobacillus oryzae SG293 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Lactobacillus pobuzihii E100301 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Lactobacillus shenzhenensis LY-73 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Lactobacillus silagei IWT126 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Leeuwenhoekiella blandensis MED217 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Lentibacillus jeotgali Grbi etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Limnohabitans curvus MWH-C5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Limnohabitans parvus II-B4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Listeria fleischmannii LU2006-1 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Luteimonas huabeiensis HB2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Luteipulveratus mongoliensis MN07-A0370 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Lutibaculum baratangense AMV1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Lysobacter daejeonensis GH1-9 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Magnetovibrio blakemorei MV-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Marinicella litoralis KMM 3900 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Mariniradius saccharolyticus AK6 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Marinobacter algicola DG893 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Marinobacter guineae M3B etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Marinobacter psychrophilus 20041 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Marinomonas arctica 328 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Marivita geojedonensis DPG-138 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Martelella endophytica YC6887 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Megamonas funiformis YIT 11815 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Mesorhizobium ciceri WSM1271 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methanobacterium arcticum M2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methanobacterium veterum MK4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methanocella arvoryzae MRE50 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methanococcus aeolicus Nankai-3 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Methanoculleus horonobensis T10 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methanolinea tarda NOBI-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methanosarcina soligelidi SMA-21 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Methanospirillum lacunae Ki8-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methanospirillum stamsii Pt1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methylobacterium gossipiicola Gh-105 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methylocapsa aurea KYG etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Methylotenera versatilis 301 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Microbacterium profundi Shh49 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Microvirga lotononidis WSM3557 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Moritella dasanensis ArB 0140 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Mucilaginibacter gossypii Gh-67 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Mucilaginibacter gossypiicola Gh-48 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Mucilaginibacter mallensis MP1X4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Nafulsella turpanensis ZLM-10 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Natronomonas moolapensis 8.8.11 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Nautilia profundicola AmH etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Neiella marina J221 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Neptunomonas antarctica S3-22 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Nocardioides daejeonensis MJ31 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Nocardioides dokdonensis FR1436 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Nocardiopsis baichengensis YIM 90130 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Nocardiopsis gilva YIM 90087 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Novosphingobium barchaimii LL02 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Novosphingobium fuchskuhlense FNE08-7 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Novosphingobium lindaniclasticum LE124 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Oceanisphaera arctica V1-41 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae PR17 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Ochrobactrum thiophenivorans DSM 7216 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Oscillibacter ruminantium GH1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Paenisporosarcina indica PN2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Palaeococcus pacificus DY20341 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Paludibacter propionicigenes WB4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Pandoraea thiooxydans ATSB16 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Pantoea rwandensis LMG 26275 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Pedobacter arcticus A12 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Photobacterium gaetbulicola Gung47 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Photobacterium jeanii R-40508 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM 196 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Phyllobacterium endophyticum PEPV15 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Phyllobacterium leguminum ORS 1419 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Planktomarina temperata RCA23 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Planococcus halocryophilus Or1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Pleomorphomonas diazotrophica R5-392 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Polaribacter dokdonensis DSW-5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002 etoh-dh-nad*, ald-dh-CoA
Pontibacter lucknowensis DM9 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Pontibacter ramchanderi LP43 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Pontimonas salivibrio CL-TW6 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Porphyrobacter dokdonensis DSW-74 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Pseudoalteromonas arctica A 37-1-2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Pseudomonas baetica a390 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Pseudomonas litoralis 2SM5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Pseudomonas taeanensis MS-3 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Pseudovibrio axinellae Ad2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Psychromonas ingrahamii 37 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Psychromonas ossibalaenae JAMM 0738 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Rhizobium freirei PRF 81 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Rhizobium grahamii CCGE 502 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Rhizobium subbaraonis JC85 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Rhodanobacter denitrificans 2APBS1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Rhodobacter johrii JA192 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Rhodobacter maris JA276 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Rhodobacter ovatus JA234 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Rhodobacter viridis JA737 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Rhodococcus qingshengii djl-6-2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Rhodopseudomonas pseudopalustris DSM 123 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Roseateles aquatilis CCUG 48205 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Roseivirga spongicola UST030701-084 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Rubrivirga marina SAORIC-28 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Ruegeria conchae TW15 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Saccharomonospora marina XMU15 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Salinicoccus carnicancri Crm etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Serinicoccus profundi MCCC 1A05965 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Skermanella stibiiresistens SB22 etoh-dh-c, adh, acs
Snodgrassella alvi wkB2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Sphaerochaeta globosa Buddy etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Sphaerochaeta pleomorpha Grapes etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Sphingobium baderi LL03 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Sphingobium czechense LL01 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Sphingobium quisquiliarum P25 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Sphingomonas histidinilytica UM2 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Sphingomonas indica Dd16 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Sphingomonas laterariae LNB2 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Sphingopyxis indica DS15 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Sphingopyxis terrae UI2 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Sporolactobacillus vineae SL153 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Streptacidiphilus oryzae TH49 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Streptococcus anginosus CCUG 39159 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Streptococcus massiliensis 4401825 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Streptococcus oralis 7747 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Streptococcus oralis AZ_3a etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Streptomyces kebangsaanensis SUK12 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Succinatimonas hippei YIT 12066 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Sulfurimonas gotlandica GD1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Tatumella morbirosei LMG 23360 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Thauera humireducens SgZ-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Thermoactinomyces daqus H-18 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Thermobifida halotolerans YIM 90462 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Thermodesulfovibrio aggregans TGE-P1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Thermophagus xiamenensis HS1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, ackA, pta
Thermovenabulum gondwanense R270 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Thioclava dalianensis DLFJ1-1 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Thiohalospira halophila HL 3 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Tistlia consotensis USBA 355 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Vagococcus penaei CD276 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Verminephrobacter eiseniae EF01-2 etoh-dh-nad, adh, acs
Weissella oryzae SG25 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Williamsia sterculiae CPCC 203464 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA
Yersinia intermedia Y228 etoh-dh-nad, ald-dh-CoA

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.

This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory