Pathway | Step | Score | Similar to | Id. | Cov. | Bits | Other hit | Other id. | Other bits |
L-histidine catabolism | hutV | med | ABC transporter for L-Histidine, ATPase component (characterized) | 43% | 78% | 172.6 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-asparagine catabolism | aatP | med | ABC transporter for L-asparagine and L-glutamate, ATPase component (characterized) | 41% | 88% | 144.4 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-aspartate catabolism | aatP | med | ABC transporter for L-asparagine and L-glutamate, ATPase component (characterized) | 41% | 88% | 144.4 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-glutamate catabolism | gltL | med | ABC transporter for L-asparagine and L-glutamate, ATPase component (characterized) | 41% | 88% | 144.4 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
putrescine catabolism | potA | lo | PotG aka B0855, component of Putrescine porter (characterized) | 46% | 55% | 179.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-proline catabolism | opuBA | lo | BilEA aka OpuBA protein, component of A proline/glycine betaine uptake system. Also reported to be a bile exclusion system that exports oxgall and other bile compounds, BilEA/EB or OpuBA/BB (required for normal virulence) (characterized) | 40% | 68% | 174.5 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-proline catabolism | proV | lo | Glycine betaine/proline betaine transport system ATP-binding protein ProV (characterized) | 42% | 56% | 167.9 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-histidine catabolism | PA5503 | lo | Methionine import ATP-binding protein MetN 2, component of L-Histidine uptake porter, MetIQN (characterized) | 38% | 73% | 156.4 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-proline catabolism | hutV | lo | HutV aka HISV aka R02702 aka SMC00670, component of Uptake system for hisitidine, proline, proline-betaine and glycine-betaine (characterized) | 39% | 83% | 156 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine catabolism | SMc02869 | lo | N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine ABC transport system, ATPase component (characterized) | 41% | 60% | 150.6 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-glucosamine (chitosamine) catabolism | SMc02869 | lo | N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine ABC transport system, ATPase component (characterized) | 41% | 60% | 150.6 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-asparagine catabolism | bgtA | lo | ATPase (characterized, see rationale) | 39% | 85% | 148.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-aspartate catabolism | bgtA | lo | ATPase (characterized, see rationale) | 39% | 85% | 148.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
xylitol catabolism | Dshi_0546 | lo | ABC transporter for Xylitol, ATPase component (characterized) | 42% | 59% | 146 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-maltose catabolism | thuK | lo | Trehalose/maltose import ATP-binding protein MalK; EC 7.5.2.1 (characterized) | 39% | 59% | 144.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
sucrose catabolism | thuK | lo | ABC transporter (characterized, see rationale) | 38% | 52% | 144.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
trehalose catabolism | thuK | lo | Trehalose/maltose import ATP-binding protein MalK; EC 7.5.2.1 (characterized) | 39% | 59% | 144.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
lactose catabolism | lacK | lo | ABC transporter for Lactose, ATPase component (characterized) | 39% | 56% | 143.7 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-sorbitol (glucitol) catabolism | mtlK | lo | ABC transporter for D-Sorbitol, ATPase component (characterized) | 38% | 58% | 143.7 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-glucosamine (chitosamine) catabolism | SM_b21216 | lo | ABC transporter for D-Glucosamine, ATPase component (characterized) | 41% | 58% | 143.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-mannitol catabolism | mtlK | lo | ABC transporter for D-mannitol and D-mannose, ATPase component (characterized) | 39% | 58% | 142.5 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-arginine catabolism | artP | lo | Histidine transport ATP-binding protein HisP (characterized) | 34% | 93% | 141.7 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-histidine catabolism | hisP | lo | Histidine transport ATP-binding protein HisP (characterized) | 34% | 93% | 141.7 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-lysine catabolism | hisP | lo | Histidine transport ATP-binding protein HisP (characterized) | 34% | 93% | 141.7 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-arabinose catabolism | xacK | lo | Xylose/arabinose import ATP-binding protein XacK; EC 7.5.2.13 (characterized, see rationale) | 40% | 57% | 140.6 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-fucose catabolism | SM_b21106 | lo | ABC transporter for L-Fucose, ATPase component (characterized) | 38% | 55% | 140.2 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-maltose catabolism | malK | lo | Maltose/maltodextrin import ATP-binding protein MalK; EC 7.5.2.1 (characterized) | 40% | 53% | 139.8 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-alanine catabolism | Pf6N2E2_5405 | lo | ABC transporter for D-Alanine, ATPase component (characterized) | 37% | 89% | 139 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-cellobiose catabolism | gtsD | lo | Sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 61% | 138.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-glucose catabolism | gtsD | lo | Sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 61% | 138.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
lactose catabolism | gtsD | lo | Sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 61% | 138.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-maltose catabolism | gtsD | lo | Sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 61% | 138.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
sucrose catabolism | gtsD | lo | Sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 61% | 138.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
trehalose catabolism | gtsD | lo | Sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 61% | 138.3 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-tryptophan catabolism | ecfA2 | lo | Energy-coupling factor transporter ATP-binding protein EcfA2; Short=ECF transporter A component EcfA2; EC 7.-.-.- (characterized, see rationale) | 36% | 81% | 137.5 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-asparagine catabolism | aapP | lo | AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux) (characterized) | 37% | 88% | 137.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-aspartate catabolism | aapP | lo | AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux) (characterized) | 37% | 88% | 137.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-glutamate catabolism | aapP | lo | AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux) (characterized) | 37% | 88% | 137.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-histidine catabolism | aapP | lo | AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux) (characterized) | 37% | 88% | 137.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-leucine catabolism | aapP | lo | AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux) (characterized) | 37% | 88% | 137.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-mannose catabolism | TT_C0211 | lo | Sugar-binding transport ATP-binding protein aka MalK1 aka TT_C0211, component of The trehalose/maltose/sucrose/palatinose porter (TTC1627-9) plus MalK1 (ABC protein, shared with 3.A.1.1.24) (Silva et al. 2005; Chevance et al., 2006). The receptor (TTC1627) binds disaccharide alpha-glycosides, namely trehalose (alpha-1,1), sucrose (alpha-1,2), maltose (alpha-1,4), palatinose (alpha-1,6) and glucose (characterized) | 40% | 52% | 137.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-proline catabolism | aapP | lo | AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux) (characterized) | 37% | 88% | 137.1 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-maltose catabolism | malK1 | lo | MalK; aka Sugar ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein, component of The maltose, maltotriose, mannotetraose (MalE1)/maltose, maltotriose, trehalose (MalE2) porter (Nanavati et al., 2005). For MalG1 (823aas) and MalG2 (833aas), the C-terminal transmembrane domain with 6 putative TMSs is preceded by a single N-terminal TMS and a large (600 residue) hydrophilic region showing sequence similarity to MLP1 and 2 (9.A.14; e-12 & e-7) as well as other proteins (characterized) | 38% | 58% | 136.7 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-asparagine catabolism | glnQ | lo | Glutamine ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, component of Glutamine transporter, GlnQP. Takes up glutamine, asparagine and glutamate which compete for each other for binding both substrate and the transmembrane protein constituent of the system (Fulyani et al. 2015). Tandem substrate binding domains (SBDs) differ in substrate specificity and affinity, allowing cells to efficiently accumulate different amino acids via a single ABC transporter. Analysis revealed the roles of individual residues in determining the substrate affinity (characterized) | 36% | 87% | 135.6 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-asparagine catabolism | bztD | lo | BztD, component of Glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine porter (characterized) | 36% | 86% | 135.2 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-aspartate catabolism | bztD | lo | BztD, component of Glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine porter (characterized) | 36% | 86% | 135.2 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-arabinose catabolism | xacJ | lo | Xylose/arabinose import ATP-binding protein XacJ; EC 7.5.2.13 (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 52% | 134.4 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-xylose catabolism | gtsD | lo | ABC transporter for D-Glucose-6-Phosphate, ATPase component (characterized) | 38% | 55% | 134.4 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-glucosamine (chitosamine) catabolism | AO353_21725 | lo | ABC transporter for D-Glucosamine, putative ATPase component (characterized) | 37% | 81% | 131 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-maltose catabolism | malK_Bb | lo | ABC-type maltose transport, ATP binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 60% | 131 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-cellobiose catabolism | SMc04256 | lo | ABC transporter for D-Cellobiose and D-Salicin, ATPase component (characterized) | 35% | 60% | 130.2 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-citrulline catabolism | PS417_17605 | lo | ATP-binding cassette domain-containing protein; SubName: Full=Amino acid transporter; SubName: Full=Histidine ABC transporter ATP-binding protein; SubName: Full=Histidine transport system ATP-binding protein (characterized, see rationale) | 37% | 78% | 130.2 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-tryptophan catabolism | ecfA1 | lo | Energy-coupling factor transporter ATP-binding protein EcfA1; Short=ECF transporter A component EcfA; EC 7.-.-.- (characterized, see rationale) | 31% | 83% | 124 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-mannose catabolism | TM1750 | lo | TM1750, component of Probable mannose/mannoside porter. Induced by beta-mannan (Conners et al., 2005). Regulated by mannose-responsive regulator manR (characterized) | 31% | 67% | 119.8 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
glycerol catabolism | glpS | lo | ABC transporter for Glycerol, ATPase component 1 (characterized) | 35% | 60% | 118.6 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-isoleucine catabolism | livF | lo | ABC transporter ATP-binding protein-branched chain amino acid transport, component of The branched chain hydrophobic amino acid transporter, LivJFGHM (characterized) | 31% | 100% | 114.8 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-leucine catabolism | livF | lo | ABC transporter ATP-binding protein-branched chain amino acid transport, component of The branched chain hydrophobic amino acid transporter, LivJFGHM (characterized) | 31% | 100% | 114.8 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
L-valine catabolism | livF | lo | ABC transporter ATP-binding protein-branched chain amino acid transport, component of The branched chain hydrophobic amino acid transporter, LivJFGHM (characterized) | 31% | 100% | 114.8 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-mannose catabolism | TM1749 | lo | TM1749, component of Probable mannose/mannoside porter. Induced by beta-mannan (Conners et al., 2005). Regulated by mannose-responsive regulator manR (characterized) | 33% | 74% | 114.4 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
D-cellobiose catabolism | cbtF | lo | CbtF, component of Cellobiose and cellooligosaccharide porter (characterized) | 32% | 68% | 109.8 | Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuCA | 44% | 208.4 |
This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using
ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST)
against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using
HMMer with enzyme models (usually from
TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps."
For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways.
For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete
high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and
there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time.
Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know