Potential Gaps in catabolism of small carbon sources in Pedobacter arcticus A12
Found 123 low-confidence and 45 medium-confidence steps on the best paths for 62 pathways.
Pathway | Step | Best candidate | 2nd candidate |
2-oxoglutarate | kgtP: 2-oxoglutarate:H+ symporter KgtP | | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | mhpD: 2-hydroxypentadienoate hydratase | | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | mhpE: 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase | B176_RS0114765 | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | pcaK: 4-hydroxybenzoate transporter pcaK | | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | pobA: 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase | | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | praA: protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase | | |
4-hydroxybenzoate | xylF: 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hydrolase | | |
acetate | dctA: organic acid/proton symporter DctA | B176_RS0112665 | |
alanine | alsT: L-alanine symporter AlsT/DagA | B176_RS0111760 | |
arabinose | araA: L-arabinose isomerase | | |
arabinose | araD: L-ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase | | |
arabinose | Echvi_1880: L-arabinose:Na+ symporter | B176_RS0111735 | |
arginine | rocD: ornithine aminotransferase | B176_RS0112620 | B176_RS0113865 |
arginine | rocE: L-arginine permease | | |
arginine | rocF: arginase | | |
cellobiose | glk: glucokinase | B176_RS0112945 | B176_RS0113790 |
citrate | SLC13A5: citrate:Na+ symporter | B176_RS0115730 | |
citrulline | AO353_03040: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, ATPase component | B176_RS0101905 | B176_RS0104595 |
citrulline | AO353_03045: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, permease component 2 | | |
citrulline | AO353_03050: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, permease component 1 | | |
citrulline | AO353_03055: ABC transporter for L-Citrulline, periplasmic substrate-binding component | | |
citrulline | rocD: ornithine aminotransferase | B176_RS0112620 | B176_RS0113865 |
D-alanine | cycA: D-alanine:H+ symporter CycA | | |
D-alanine | dadA: D-alanine dehydrogenase | | |
D-lactate | lctP: D-lactate:H+ symporter LctP or LidP | | |
D-serine | cycA: D-serine:H+ symporter CycA | | |
D-serine | dsdA: D-serine ammonia-lyase | | |
deoxyinosine | deoB: phosphopentomutase | B176_RS0104620 | |
deoxyinosine | deoC: deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase | | |
deoxyribonate | aacS: acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase | | |
deoxyribonate | atoB: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase | B176_RS0105415 | |
deoxyribonate | deoxyribonate-dehyd: 2-deoxy-D-ribonate 3-dehydrogenase | | |
deoxyribonate | deoxyribonate-transport: 2-deoxy-D-ribonate transporter | | |
deoxyribonate | garK: glycerate 2-kinase | | |
deoxyribonate | ketodeoxyribonate-cleavage: 2-deoxy-3-keto-D-ribonate cleavage enzyme | | |
deoxyribose | deoC: deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase | | |
deoxyribose | deoK: deoxyribokinase | | |
deoxyribose | deoP: deoxyribose transporter | B176_RS0101140 | B176_RS0101105 |
ethanol | etoh-dh-nad: ethanol dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) | B176_RS0100410 | B176_RS0105305 |
fructose | 1pfk: 1-phosphofructokinase | | |
fructose | fruII-ABC: fructose-specific PTS system (fructose 1-phosphate forming), EII-ABC components | | |
fucose | fucD: L-fuconate dehydratase | B176_RS0116770 | B176_RS0101115 |
fucose | fuconolactonase: L-fucono-1,5-lactonase | B176_RS0116755 | B176_RS0101130 |
galactose | galT: UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | | |
galacturonate | uxaB: tagaturonate reductase | | |
gluconate | gntK: D-gluconate kinase | | |
gluconate | gntT: gluconate:H+ symporter GntT | | |
glucose | glk: glucokinase | B176_RS0112945 | B176_RS0113790 |
glucose-6-P | uhpT: glucose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter | B176_RS0105180 | |
glucuronate | exuT: D-glucuronate:H+ symporter ExuT | B176_RS0116825 | B176_RS0104380 |
glucuronate | uxuB: D-mannonate dehydrogenase | | |
glycerol | glpD: glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (monomeric) | B176_RS0105165 | |
histidine | hutG: N-formiminoglutamate formiminohydrolase | | |
histidine | hutH: histidine ammonia-lyase | | |
histidine | hutI: imidazole-5-propionate hydrolase | | |
histidine | hutU: urocanase | | |
histidine | permease: L-histidine permease | | |
isoleucine | acdH: (2S)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase | B176_RS0118105 | B176_RS0105420 |
isoleucine | Bap2: L-isoleucine permease Bap2 | | |
isoleucine | bkdA: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E1 component alpha subunit | B176_RS0116080 | |
isoleucine | bkdB: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E1 component beta subunit | B176_RS0103030 | B176_RS0114965 |
isoleucine | bkdC: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E2 component | B176_RS0111930 | B176_RS0116160 |
isoleucine | dddA: 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase | | |
isoleucine | ech: 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA hydro-lyase | B176_RS0103535 | B176_RS0105405 |
isoleucine | hpcD: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase | B176_RS0103535 | |
isoleucine | iolA: malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) | B176_RS0102530 | B176_RS0110040 |
isoleucine | ivdG: 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase | B176_RS0105290 | B176_RS0116765 |
L-lactate | lctP: L-lactate:H+ symporter LctP or LidP | | |
L-lactate | lldG: L-lactate dehydrogenase, LldG subunit | B176_RS0105015 | B176_RS0116735 |
lactose | galT: UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | | |
lactose | glk: glucokinase | B176_RS0112945 | B176_RS0113790 |
lactose | lacP: lactose permease LacP | | |
leucine | aacS: acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase | | |
leucine | atoB: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase | B176_RS0105415 | |
leucine | bkdA: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E1 component alpha subunit | B176_RS0116080 | |
leucine | bkdB: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E1 component beta subunit | B176_RS0103030 | B176_RS0114965 |
leucine | bkdC: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E2 component | B176_RS0111930 | B176_RS0116160 |
leucine | leuT: L-leucine:Na+ symporter LeuT | | |
leucine | liuA: isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase | B176_RS0118105 | B176_RS0105420 |
leucine | liuB: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, alpha (biotin-containing) subunit | B176_RS0100605 | |
leucine | liuC: 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase | B176_RS0103535 | |
leucine | liuD: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, beta subunit | | |
leucine | liuE: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase | | |
lysine | hglS: D-2-hydroxyglutarate synthase | | |
lysine | lysN: 2-aminoadipate transaminase | B176_RS0111710 | B176_RS0113865 |
lysine | lysP: L-lysine:H+ symporter LysP | | |
lysine | ydiJ: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase | B176_RS0102395 | |
maltose | glk: glucokinase | B176_RS0112945 | B176_RS0113790 |
mannitol | mtlA: mannitol phosphotransferase system, EII-CBA components | | |
mannitol | mtlD: mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase | | |
mannose | gluP: mannose:Na+ symporter | B176_RS0102425 | B176_RS0116780 |
mannose | manA: mannose-6-phosphate isomerase | B176_RS0114095 | B176_RS0110120 |
mannose | mannokinase: D-mannose kinase | B176_RS0112945 | B176_RS19335 |
myoinositol | iolG: myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase | B176_RS0117140 | |
myoinositol | iolM: 2-inosose 4-dehydrogenase | | |
myoinositol | iolN: 2,4-diketo-inositol hydratase | | |
myoinositol | iolO: 5-dehydro-L-gluconate epimerase | | |
myoinositol | iolT: myo-inositol:H+ symporter | | |
myoinositol | uxaE: D-tagaturonate epimerase | | |
myoinositol | uxuB: D-mannonate dehydrogenase | | |
phenylacetate | paaA: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit A | | |
phenylacetate | paaB: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit B | | |
phenylacetate | paaC: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit C | | |
phenylacetate | paaE: phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, subunit E | | |
phenylacetate | paaF: 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase | B176_RS0103535 | |
phenylacetate | paaG: 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase / 2-(oxepinyl)acetyl-CoA isomerase / didehydroadipyl-CoA isomerase | B176_RS0103535 | |
phenylacetate | paaJ1: 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA thiolase | B176_RS0105415 | |
phenylacetate | paaJ2: 3-oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase | B176_RS0105415 | |
phenylacetate | paaK: phenylacetate-CoA ligase | | |
phenylacetate | paaT: phenylacetate transporter Paa | | |
phenylacetate | paaZ1: oxepin-CoA hydrolase | B176_RS0103535 | |
phenylacetate | paaZ2: 3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase | | |
phenylalanine | aacS: acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase | | |
phenylalanine | aroP: L-phenylalanine:H+ symporter AroP | | |
phenylalanine | atoB: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase | B176_RS0105415 | |
phenylalanine | fahA: fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase | | |
phenylalanine | hmgA: homogentisate dioxygenase | | |
phenylalanine | HPD: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase | | |
phenylalanine | maiA: maleylacetoacetate isomerase | | |
phenylalanine | PAH: phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase | | |
phenylalanine | PCBD: pterin-4-alpha-carbinoalamine dehydratase | B176_RS0112735 | |
phenylalanine | QDPR: 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase | B176_RS0103950 | |
proline | N515DRAFT_2924: proline transporter | B176_RS19350 | B176_RS0116065 |
propionate | dddA: 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase | | |
propionate | hpcD: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase | B176_RS0103535 | |
propionate | iolA: malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) | B176_RS0102530 | B176_RS0110040 |
propionate | putP: propionate transporter; proline:Na+ symporter | | |
putrescine | gabT: gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase | B176_RS0112620 | B176_RS0113865 |
putrescine | patA: putrescine aminotransferase (PatA/SpuC) | B176_RS0113865 | B176_RS0116205 |
putrescine | patD: gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | B176_RS0110040 | B176_RS0102530 |
putrescine | puuP: putrescine:H+ symporter PuuP/PlaP | | |
pyruvate | SLC5A8: sodium-coupled pyruvate transporter | | |
rhamnose | rhaM: L-rhamnose mutarotase | | |
ribose | rbsK: ribokinase | | |
ribose | rbsU: probable D-ribose transporter RbsU | | |
serine | serP: L-serine permease SerP | | |
sorbitol | mtlA: PTS system for polyols, EII-CBA components | | |
sorbitol | srlD: sorbitol 6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase | B176_RS0105290 | B176_RS0101135 |
sucrose | ams: sucrose hydrolase (invertase) | | |
sucrose | glk: glucokinase | B176_RS0112945 | B176_RS0113790 |
threonine | tdcC: L-threonine:H+ symporter TdcC | | |
thymidine | deoA: thymidine phosphorylase DeoA | | |
thymidine | deoB: phosphopentomutase | B176_RS0104620 | |
thymidine | deoC: deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase | | |
trehalose | glk: glucokinase | B176_RS0112945 | B176_RS0113790 |
trehalose | treF: trehalase | B176_RS0103940 | |
tryptophan | aroP: tryptophan:H+ symporter AroP | | |
tryptophan | tnaA: tryptophanase | | |
tyrosine | aacS: acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase | | |
tyrosine | aroP: L-tyrosine transporter (AroP/FywP) | | |
tyrosine | atoB: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase | B176_RS0105415 | |
tyrosine | fahA: fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase | | |
tyrosine | hmgA: homogentisate dioxygenase | | |
tyrosine | HPD: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase | | |
tyrosine | maiA: maleylacetoacetate isomerase | | |
valine | acdH: isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase | B176_RS0118105 | B176_RS0105420 |
valine | Bap2: L-valine permease Bap2 | | |
valine | bch: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase | B176_RS0103535 | |
valine | bkdA: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E1 component alpha subunit | B176_RS0116080 | |
valine | bkdB: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E1 component beta subunit | B176_RS0103030 | B176_RS0114965 |
valine | bkdC: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, E2 component | B176_RS0111930 | B176_RS0116160 |
valine | dddA: 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase | | |
valine | hpcD: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase | B176_RS0103535 | |
valine | iolA: malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acylating) | B176_RS0102530 | B176_RS0110040 |
valine | mmsA: methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase | B176_RS0102530 | B176_RS0110040 |
valine | mmsB: 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase | B176_RS0111490 | |
xylitol | PLT5: xylitol:H+ symporter PLT5 | | |
xylitol | xdhA: xylitol dehydrogenase | B176_RS0116765 | B176_RS0101120 |
Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
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About GapMind
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using
ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST)
against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using
HMMer with enzyme models (usually from
TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
- ublast finds a hit to a characterized protein at above 40% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits+10.
- (Hits to curated proteins without experimental data as to their function are never considered high confidence.)
- HMMer finds a hit with 80% coverage of the model, and either other identity < 40 or other coverage < 0.75.
where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
- ublast finds a hit at above 40% identity and 70% coverage (ignoring otherBits).
- ublast finds a hit at above 30% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits.
- HMMer finds a hit (regardless of coverage or other bits).
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps."
For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways.
For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete
high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and
there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time.
Gaps may be due to:
- our ignorance of proteins' functions,
- omissions in the gene models,
- frame-shift errors in the genome sequence, or
- the organism lacks the pathway.
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory