Finding step MFS-glucose for D-maltose catabolism in Rhizobium freirei PRF 81
1 candidates for MFS-glucose: glucose transporter, MFS superfamily
Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.
GapMind searches the predicted proteins for candidates by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) to find similarities to characterized proteins or by using HMMer to find similarities to enzyme models (usually from TIGRFams). For alignments to characterized proteins (from ublast), scores of 44 bits correspond to an expectation value (E) of about 0.001.
Definition of step MFS-glucose
- Curated sequence A0A0H2VG78: Glucose transporter GlcP; Glucose/H(+) symporter
- Curated sequence CH_091029: galactose transporter. Galactose, glucose uniporter, Gal2. Also transports xylose
- Curated sequence CH_091305: solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 8. The blastocyst/testis glucose transporter, Glut8 (Doege et al., 2000) (insulin stimulated in blastocysts)
- Curated sequence CH_091400: low-affinity glucose transporter HXT4. Low-affinity glucose transporter HXT4; Low-affinity glucose transporter LGT1. Low affinity, constitutive, glucose (hexose; xylose) uniporter, Hxt4 (LGT1; Rag1) (also transports arsenic trioxide [As(OH)3] as do Hxtl, 3, 5, 7 and 9)
- Curated sequence CH_091463: sugar transport protein 13. The glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, STP13 (sugar transport protein 13). Expressed in vascular tissues and induced during programmed cell death
- Curated sequence CH_091493: sugar transport protein 6. Sugar transport protein 6; Hexose transporter 6. High affinity monosaccharide (KM ≈ 20 µM):H+ symporter, Stp6 (takes up glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, mannose, fructose, galactose and to a lesser extent, xylose and ribulose.
- Curated sequence CH_091695: sugar transport protein 1. Sugar transport protein 1; Glucose transporter; Hexose transporter 1. The major hexose transporter, Htr1 (mediates the active uptake of hexoses by sugar:H+ symport. Can transport glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, fructose, xylose, mannose, galactose, fucose, 2-deoxyglucose and arabinose. Confers sensitivity to galactose in seedlings. Km=20 uM for glucose)
- Curated sequence CH_122958: high affinity glucose transporter
- Curated sequence CH_124310: high-affinity glucose transporter ght2
- Curated sequence A0A1D8PCL1: High-affinity glucose transporter 1
- Curated sequence F1R0H0: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10; Glucose transporter type 10; GLUT-10
- Curated sequence O44616: Facilitated glucose transporter homolog
- Curated sequence O44827: Facilitated glucose transporter protein 1
- Curated sequence P0AEP1: Galactose-proton symporter; Galactose transporter. Galactose:H+ symporter, GalP. Also transports glucose, xylose, fucose (6-deoxygalactose), 2-deoxygalactose and 2-deoxyglucose) (Henderson and Giddens 1977. ; galactose:H+ symporter. galactose:H+ symporter. galactose:H+ symporter (galP)
- Curated sequence P11166: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1; Glucose transporter type 1, erythrocyte/brain; GLUT-1; HepG2 glucose transporter. The erythrocyte/brain hexose facilitator, glucose transporter-1, Gtr1 or Glut1. Transports D-glucose, dehydroascorbate, arsenite and the flavonone, quercetin, via one pathway and water via a distinct channel. Sugar transport has been suggested to function via a sliding mechanism involving several sugar binding sites (Cunningham et al., 2006). Glut1 is the receptor for human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)) (Manel et al., 2003). It is regulated by stomatin (TC# 8.A.21) to take up dehydroascorbate (Montel-Hagen et al., 2008). Mutations cause Glut1 deficiency syndrome, a human encephalopathy that results from decreased glucose flux through the blood brain barrier
- Curated sequence P11167: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1; Glucose transporter type 1, erythrocyte/brain; GLUT-1
- Curated sequence P11168: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2; Glucose transporter type 2, liver; GLUT-2. Glucosamine/glucose uniporter, Glut-2; it may also transport dehydroascorbate (Mardones et al., 2011;
- Curated sequence P11169: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3; Glucose transporter type 3, brain; GLUT-3. Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (Glucose transporter type 3, brain) (GLUT-3 or GLUT3). It mediates the facilitative uptake of glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and fucose, and probably dehydroascorbate, but not fructose
- Curated sequence P12336: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2; Glucose transporter type 2, liver; GLUT-2
- Curated sequence P14142: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4; GT2; Glucose transporter type 4, insulin-responsive; GLUT-4
- Curated sequence P14246: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2; Glucose transporter type 2, liver; GLUT-2
- Curated sequence P14672: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4; Glucose transporter type 4, insulin-responsive; GLUT-4. Insulin-responsive facilitative glucose transporter in skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose, and other tissues, Glut4 (GTR4; SLC2A4; 509aas). Defects in Glut4 cause noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
- Curated sequence P17809: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1; Glucose transporter type 1, erythrocyte/brain; GLUT-1; GT1
- Curated sequence P19357: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4; Glucose transporter type 4, insulin-responsive; GLUT-4
- Curated sequence P27674: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1; Glucose transporter type 1, erythrocyte/brain; GLUT-1
- Curated sequence P32037: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3; Glucose transporter type 3, brain; GLUT-3
- Curated sequence P47843: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3; Glucose transporter type 3, brain; GLUT-3
- Curated sequence P58353: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5; Fructose transporter; Glucose transporter type 5, small intestine; GLUT-5
- Curated sequence P58354: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 8; Glucose transporter type 8; GLUT-8; Glucose transporter type X1
- Curated sequence Q07647: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3; Glucose transporter type 3, brain; GLUT-3. Glucose uniporter, Glut3 (also transports dehydro-ascorbate; Maulén et al., 2003). Down-regulated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients (Liu et al., 2008b)
- Curated sequence Q56ZZ7: Plastidic glucose transporter 4; AtpGlcT. Plastidic glucose transporter 4 (AtpGlcT). glucose transporter
- Curated sequence Q9JIF3: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 8; Glucose transporter type 8; GLUT-8; Glucose transporter type X1
- Curated sequence Q9JJZ1: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 8; Glucose transporter type 8; GLUT-8; Glucose transporter type X1
- Curated sequence Q9NY64: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 8; Glucose transporter type 8; GLUT-8; Glucose transporter type X1. Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 8 (Glucose transporter type 8) (GLUT-8) (Glucose transporter type X1)
- Curated sequence Q9WV38: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5; Fructose transporter; Glucose transporter type 5, small intestine; GLUT-5
- Curated sequence Q9XSC2: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3; Glucose transporter type 3, brain; GLUT-3
- Curated sequence A0QZX3: Glucose permease GlcP (Pimentel-Schmitt et al., 2008) (most similar to 2.A.1.1.32)
- Curated sequence A0ZXK6: The monosaccharide (MST) (glucose > mannose > galactose > fructose):H+ symporter, MST1
- Curated sequence A1Z264: Sugar & polyol transporter 1 (SPT1): broad specificity; takes up glucose (Schilling and Oesterhelt, 2007). Loss of the first 3 TMSs of the 12 TMSs does not prevent sugar uptake or sugar recognition but lowers substrate affinity & transport rate, and abolished H+ symport
- Curated sequence G4N740: Glucose transporter Rco-3 or MoST1. MoST1 plays a specific role in conidiation and mycelial melanization which is not shared by other hexose transporter family members in M. oryzae
- Curated sequence H9BPB6: The sea bream facilitative glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)
- Curated sequence P15729: Glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, GlcP
- Curated sequence P23585: High-affinity glucose transporter HXT2
- Curated sequence P49374: The high affinity glucose transporter, Hgt1
- Curated sequence Q0SE66: The glucose uptake porter, GluP
- Curated sequence Q2MDH1: Glucose/xylose facilitator-1, GXF1 (functions by sugar uniport; low affinity
- Curated sequence Q2MEV7: Glucose/xylose: H+ symporter, Gsx1
- Curated sequence Q63ZP5: Glucose transporter 1, GLUT1 or Slc2A1 of 491 aas and 12 TMSs
- Curated sequence Q7BEC4: The major glucose (or 2-deoxyglucose) uptake transporter, GlcP
- Curated sequence Q8G3X1: The D-glucose:H+ symporter, GlcP (glucose uptake is inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose, mannose and galactose)
- Curated sequence Q8J0U9: Low affinity glucose:H+ symporter, MstC
- Curated sequence Q8NTX0: Myo-Inositol uptake porter, IolT1 (Km=0.2mM)
- Curated sequence Q9LT15: The high affinity sugar:H+ symporter (sugar uptake) porter of 514 aas and 12 TMSs, STP10. It transports glucose, galactose and mannose, and is therefore a hexose transporter (Rottmann et al. 2016). The 2.4
- Curated sequence O07563: Glucose/mannose transporter GlcP; Glucose/mannose:H(+) symporter. Glucose/Mannose/Xylose: H+ symporter (Paulsen et al., 1998; G.Gosset, personal communication)
- Curated sequence Q8TDB8: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 14; Glucose transporter type 14; GLUT-14. Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 14 (Glucose transporter type 14) (GLUT-14)
- Curated sequence CH_091552: glucose transporter 9b. The embryonic liver, kidney, and other tissue uric acid (urate) transporter, Glut9 (SLC2A9) (Wright et al. 2010). Mutations in this transporter cause severe renal hyperuricemia
- Curated sequence CH_121984: low affinity glucose transporter MstE. The low affinity, glucose-inducible glucose transporter, MstE
- Curated sequence P22732: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5; Fructose transporter; Glucose transporter type 5, small intestine; GLUT-5. Fructose uniporter, GLUT5
- Curated sequence P43427: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5; Fructose transporter; Glucose transporter type 5, small intestine; GLUT-5
- Curated sequence P46408: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5; Fructose transporter; Glucose transporter type 5, small intestine; GLUT-5
- Curated sequence Q3T9X0: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9; Glucose transporter type 9; GLUT-9; Urate transporter
- Curated sequence Q6PXP3: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 7; Glucose transporter type 7; GLUT-7; hGLUT7. The glucose/fructose facilitator, Glut7 (SLC2A7) (a single mutation, I314V, results in loss of fructose transport but retention of glucose transport
- Curated sequence Q9BYW1: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 11; Glucose transporter type 11; GLUT-11. The hexose (glucose and fructose but not galactose) transporter (Glut11; SLC2A11)
- Curated sequence Q9NRM0: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9; Glucose transporter type 9; GLUT-9; Urate transporter
- Curated sequence Q26579: The glucose transport protein, GTP1
- Curated sequence A3M0N3: The Glucose Transporter/Sensor Rgt2
- Curated sequence CH_091058: high-affinity glucose transporter ght2. Hexose:H+ symporter, Ght2 (Glucose > Fructose)
- Curated sequence CH_123257: potential high affinity glucose transporter
- Curated sequence B8MYS7: MFS glucose transporter mfs1; Asparasone A synthesis protein mfs1
- Curated sequence P32465: Low-affinity glucose transporter HXT1. Low-affinity glucose transporter HXT1
- Curated sequence P32466: Low-affinity glucose transporter HXT3
- Curated sequence Q9P3U6: High-affinity glucose transporter Ght1 (Hexose transporter 1)
- Curated sequence O95528: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10; Glucose transporter type 10; GLUT-10. The glucose transporter, GLUT10, was originally believed to be responsible for Type 2 diabetes. It is now believed to be responsible for arterial tortuosity, a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease (Callewaert et al., 2007). GLUT10 transports glucose and 2-deoxy glucose (Km=0.3 mM), and is inhibited by galactose and phloretin
- Curated sequence Q5J316: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12; Glucose transporter type 12; GLUT-12
- Curated sequence Q6NWF1: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12; Glucose transporter type 12; GLUT-12
- Curated sequence Q8BFW9: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12; Glucose transporter type 12; GLUT-12
- Curated sequence Q8TD20: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12; Glucose transporter type 12; GLUT-12. solute carrier family 2, member 12, Glut12 of 617 aas and 12 TMSs
- Curated sequence B1PLM1: Hexose (glucose) transporter, GT4 (D2) (almost identical to 2.A.1.1.16)
- Curated sequence O61059: The D-glucose/D-ribose transporter, LmGT2 (Most similar to 1.A.1.1.18)
- Curated sequence O61060: The glucose transporter, LmGT3 (homologous to LmGT2 (1.A.1.1.75)). Two threonine residues located in the hydrophilic loops connecting TMSs 3 & 4 and 7 & 8 of GT3 prevent transport of D-ribose. Changing these two residues to alanine (as in GT2) allows transport of ribose. Thus, loops 3-4 and 7-8 partially determine substrate specificity
- Curated sequence O76486: Glucose transporter, GT1. GT1, 2, and 3 are homologues. GT2 and GT3 transport ribose as well as glucose at different rates. GT3 transports ribose with 6-fold lower efficiency due to two threonines in GT3 that are alanines in GT2. They are in two loops between TMSs 3, 4, and 7, 8 (Naula et al., 2010). GT1 is expressed in the flagellar membrane and may be both a glucose transporter and sensor, allowing the parasites to enter the stationary phase when they deplete glucose although in the absence of the sensor, they lose viability
- Curated sequence Q06222: Glucose/mannose/fructose transporter and high affinity sensor, Snf3p (regulates glucose transport via other systems)
- Curated sequence A5Y0C3: Facilitative (Na+-independent) glucose-specific transporter (Km = 3 mM) of 486 aas and 12 TMSs, HT1; inhibited by cytochalasin B and localized to the midgut
- Curated sequence Q3UDF0: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 6; Glucose transporter type 6; GLUT-6
- Curated sequence Q9UGQ3: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 6; Glucose transporter type 6; GLUT-6. solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 6
- Curated sequence O25788: The Na+-dependent sugar transporter, HP1174 (transports glucose, galactose, mannose and 2-deoxyglucose (Psakis et al. 2009)). (most similar to 2.A.1.7.2; 49% identity)
- Curated sequence P0C105: Glucose/galactose porter
- Curated sequence Q04DP6: The glucose transporter, OEOE_1574; does not transport fructose
- Curated sequence Q04FN1: Glucose transporter, OEOE_0819. Does not transport fructose
- Curated sequence CH_091224: D-xylose-proton symporter-like 1. Vacuolar (tonoplast) glucose transporter1, Vgt1 (important for seed germination and flowering)
- Curated sequence CH_091141: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; rNaGLT1; Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 4B. Rat kidney Na+-dependent glucose (methyl α-glucoside) transporter, NaGLT1 (glucose:Na+:Na+=1:1)
- Curated sequence P21906: Glucose facilitated diffusion protein. Glucose uniporter
- Curated sequence Q8IRI6: Glucose transporter type 1
- Curated sequence C5DX43: The fructose/glucose uniporter, Ffz2 (64% identical to 2.A.1.2.23)
- Curated sequence P39004: High-affinity hexose transporter HXT7. High affinity, glucose-repressible, glucose (hexose) uniporter (Hxt6/Hxt7). Asn331 and hydrophobic residue side chains in TMS5 determine substrate affinity
- Curated sequence CH_091031: high-affinity hexose transporter HXT6
- Ignore hits to CH_091031 when looking for 'other' hits (high-affinity hexose transporter HXT6)
- Curated sequence P43581: hexose transporter HXT10. Hexose uniporter
- Ignore hits to CH_122303 when looking for 'other' hits (high-affinity hexose transporter)
- Ignore hits to P40886 when looking for 'other' hits (Hexose transporter HXT8)
- Ignore hits to P54862 when looking for 'other' hits (Hexose transporter HXT11 (Low-affinity glucose transporter LGT3))
- Ignore hits to Q9P3U7 when looking for 'other' hits (Probable high-affinity hexose transporter ght8, mitochondrial; Hexose transporter 8)
- Ignore hits to C5E4Z7 when looking for 'other' hits (The fructose-specific uniporter, Ffz1 (69% identical to Ffz2)
- Ignore hits to CH_123252 when looking for 'other' hits (potential hexose transporter)
- Ignore hits to CH_123250 when looking for 'other' hits (potential hexose transporter)
- Ignore hits to CH_122864 when looking for 'other' hits (potential sugar sensor or transporter)
- Ignore hits to P39924 when looking for 'other' hits (Hexose transporter HXT13)
- Ignore hits to CH_124796 when looking for 'other' hits (hexose transporter Ght4)
- Ignore hits to P54854 when looking for 'other' hits (Hexose transporter HXT15)
- UniProt sequence A0KXM0: SubName: Full=Glucose/galactose transporter {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABK48539.1};
- Comment: MFS superfamily glucose transporters include: glcP, O07563 (glcP from B. subtilis), SLCA14/Q8TDB8, ght/rgt, SLC2A10, GT4, GTR6, gluP, and singletons Q04DP6 Q04FN1 CH_091224 CH_091141 P21906 Q8IRI6 C5DX43. Also add the hexose transporters HXT7_YEAST / P39004, CharProtDB::CH_091031 (nearly identical). Ignore CharProtDB::CH_091031 which is nearly identical to G4N740. Add P43581, yet another yeast glucose transporter. Ignore CH_122303, yet another hexose transporter. Ignore yet more yeast hexose transporters P40886, P54862, GHT8_SCHPO / Q9P3U7, C5E4Z7, CH_123252, CH_123250, CH_122864, P39924, CH_124796, P54854. Shewana3_2310 = glcP(Mal) = A0KXM0 was shown to be a glucose transporter (PMID:20836887).
Or cluster all characterized MFS-glucose proteins
This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
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About GapMind
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using
ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST)
against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using
HMMer with enzyme models (usually from
TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
- ublast finds a hit to a characterized protein at above 40% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits+10.
- (Hits to curated proteins without experimental data as to their function are never considered high confidence.)
- HMMer finds a hit with 80% coverage of the model, and either other identity < 40 or other coverage < 0.75.
where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
- ublast finds a hit at above 40% identity and 70% coverage (ignoring otherBits).
- ublast finds a hit at above 30% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits.
- HMMer finds a hit (regardless of coverage or other bits).
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps."
For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways.
For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete
high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and
there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time.
Gaps may be due to:
- our ignorance of proteins' functions,
- omissions in the gene models,
- frame-shift errors in the genome sequence, or
- the organism lacks the pathway.
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory