Finding step gadh1 for D-maltose catabolism in Rhizobium freirei PRF 81
No candidates for gadh1: gluconate 2-dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit
GapMind classifies a step as low confidence even if it does not find any candidates. You can still try to find candidates by using Curated BLAST (which searches the 6-frame translation) or by text search of the annotations (which may indicate weak homology, under 30% identity or 50% coverage, that GapMind does not consider). See the links below.
Definition of step gadh1
- Curated sequence O34214: Gluconate 2-dehydrogenase flavoprotein; GA 2-DH dehydrogenase subunit; GADH dehydrogenase subunit; EC 1.1.99.3. gluconate 2-dehydrogenase dehydrogenase subunit (EC 1.1.99.3)
- Curated sequence MONOMER-12745: D-gluconate dehydrogenase dehydrogenase subunit (EC 1.1.99.3)
- Curated sequence A4PIB0: gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.215)
- UniProt sequence G5EBD9: SubName: Full=Gluconate 2-dehydrogenase alpha chain {ECO:0000313|EMBL:AAW60992.1}; EC=1.1.99.3 {ECO:0000313|EMBL:AAW60992.1};
- Curated sequence C0LE03: gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.215)
- Comment: gluconate 2-dehydrogenase has three subunits; known in Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pantoea/Pectobacterium cypripedii. There's also papers about two different enzymes in Gluconobacter. PMID:17720837 describes A4PIA9 = gndS = gadh3; A4PIB0 = gndL = gadh1; A4PIB1 = gndC = gadh2; BRENDA includes only A4PIB0. PMID:27392695 shows that overexpressing GOX1232 to GOX1230 (Q5FRK3 G5EBD9 Q5FRK5), paralogs of gndSLC, leads to increased production of 2-ketogluconate; BRENDA includes only Q5FRK5. Finally, C0LE03 is listed by BRENDA as a gluconate 2-dehydrogenase and is nearly identical to Q4KKM7 = link, so include that as well. Some papers also mention GOX0147 = 5FTU6 but that is the cytoplasmic 2-ketogluconate reductase.
Or cluster all characterized gadh1 proteins
This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.
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About GapMind
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using
ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST)
against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using
HMMer with enzyme models (usually from
TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
- ublast finds a hit to a characterized protein at above 40% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits+10.
- (Hits to curated proteins without experimental data as to their function are never considered high confidence.)
- HMMer finds a hit with 80% coverage of the model, and either other identity < 40 or other coverage < 0.75.
where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
- ublast finds a hit at above 40% identity and 70% coverage (ignoring otherBits).
- ublast finds a hit at above 30% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits.
- HMMer finds a hit (regardless of coverage or other bits).
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps."
For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways.
For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete
high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and
there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time.
Gaps may be due to:
- our ignorance of proteins' functions,
- omissions in the gene models,
- frame-shift errors in the genome sequence, or
- the organism lacks the pathway.
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory