GapMind for catabolism of small carbon sources

 

acetate catabolism in Bacillus altitudinis 41KF2b

Best path

actP, ackA, pta

Rules

Overview: After uptake, acetate can be converted to acetyl-CoA by acs or by ackA and pta, see MetaCyc's superpathway of acetate utilization and formation (link). Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolic intermediate, so further reactions are not represented in GapMind. Acetyl-CoA may be catabolized by the TCA cycle or, in strict anaerobes, by the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. If the TCA cycle is used, then intermediates need to be replenished by anaplaerotic reactions such as the glyoxylate cycle or the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway.

11 steps (6 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
actP cation/acetate symporter ActP BA79_RS09550
ackA acetate kinase BA79_RS07620
pta phosphate acetyltransferase BA79_RS09250 BA79_RS11095
Alternative steps:
acs acetyl-CoA synthetase, AMP-forming BA79_RS07825 BA79_RS18200
ady2 acetate permease Ady2
dctA organic acid/proton symporter DctA BA79_RS17445 BA79_RS00005
deh acetate/haloacid transporter
patA Acetate transporter PatA
satP acetate/proton symporter satP BA79_RS18320
SLC5A8 actetate:Na+ symporter SLC5A8
ybhL acetate uptake transporter YbhL

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
transporter – transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging.

This GapMind analysis is from Sep 24 2021. The underlying query database was built on Sep 17 2021.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory