Definition of L-asparagine catabolism

As rules and steps, or see full text

Rules

Overview: Asparagine catabolism in GapMind is based on asparaginase, which forms ammonia and aspartate. The asparaginase may be secreted or cytoplasmic. Asparatate can be transaminated to oxaloacetate, which is an intermediate in central metabolism.

• all:
  • ans and aspartate-transport
  • or asparagine-transport and ans
• aspartate-transport:
  • bztA, bztB, bztC and bztD
  • or peb1A, peb1B, peb1C and peb1D
  • or aatJ, aatQ, aatM and aatP
  • or natF, bgtB', natH and bgtA
  • or natF, natG, natH and bgtA
  • or aapJ, aapQ, aapM and aapP
  • or glt
  • or acaP
  • or SLC7A13
  • or BPHYT_RS17540
  • or yveA
  • or dauA
  • Comment: To find transporters, used query: transporter:aspartate:L-aspartate
• asparagine-transport:
  • aatJ, aatQ, aatM and aatP
  • or bztA, bztB, bztC and bztD
  • or glnQ and glnP
  • or aapJ, aapQ, aapM and aapP
  • or ansP
  • or AGP1
  • or yhiT
  • or agcS
  • Comment: Transporters were identified using query: transporter:asparagine:L-asparagine

Steps

bztA: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component BztA

• Curated sequence Q52663: BztA, component of Glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine porter
• Ignore hits to Q52812 when looking for 'other' hits (AapJ, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux))
• Ignore hits to SMc02118 when looking for 'other' hits (ABC transporter for L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, and other L-amino acids, periplasmic substrate-binding component)
• Comment: BztABCD from Rhodobacter capsulatus (Rhodopseudomonas capsulata), TC 3.A.1.3.7. Ignore similarity of bztA to general amino acid porter AapJ and to broad transporter SMc02118.
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

bztB: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, permease component 1 (BztB)

• Curated sequence CH_011913: glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine transport system permease protein BztB. BztB, component of Glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine porter
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

bztC: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (BztC)

• Curated sequence Q52665: BztC, component of Glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine porter
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

bztD: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, ATPase component (BztD)

• Curated sequence Q52666: BztD, component of Glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine porter
• Ignore hits to Q52815 when looking for 'other' hits (AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux))
• Ignore hits to SMc02121 when looking for 'other' hits (ABC transporter for L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, and other L-amino acids, ATPase component)
• Comment: Ignore similarity of bztD to general amino acid porter AapP, SMc02121, Pf6N2E2_5405
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

aatJ: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, substrate-binding component AatJ

• Curated sequence Q88NY2: PP1071, component of Acidic amino acid uptake porter, AatJMQP
• Curated sequence AO353_16290: ABC transporter for L-aspartate, L-asparagine, L-glutamate, and L-glutamine, periplasmic substrate-binding component
• Curated sequence Pf1N1B4_771: ABC transporter for L-asparagine and L-glutamate, periplasmic substrate-binding component
• Curated sequence PfGW456L13_4770: ABC transporter for L-Asparagine and possibly other L-amino acids, periplasmic substrate-binding component
• Ignore hits to Q9I402 when looking for 'other' hits (Probable binding protein component of ABC transporter, component of Amino acid transporter, AatJMQP. Probably transports L-glutamic acid, D-glutamine acid, L-glutamine and N-acetyl L-glutamic acid (Johnson et al. 2008). Very similar to 3.A.1.3.19 of P. putida)
• Curated sequence CH_002441: glutamate-aspartate periplasmic-binding protein. Glutamate/aspartate import solute-binding protein. YBEJ aka GltI aka B0655, component of Glutamate/aspartate porter. glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein (EC 7.4.2.1). glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein (EC 7.4.2.1)
• Comment: AatJMQP from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, TC 3.A.1.3.19, is quite similar to an aspartate ABC transporter from P. fluorescens N2E3 and to GltIJKL from E. coli. It is also very similar to asparagine/glutamate transporters from other Pseudomonas, which might transport aspartate as well. (aatJ = PP1071 or AO353_16290 or gltI)
• Total: 5 characterized proteins

aatQ: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, permease component 1 (AatQ)

• Curated sequence Q88NY3: PP1070, component of Acidic amino acid uptake porter, AatJMQP
• Curated sequence AO353_16285: ABC transporter for L-aspartate, L-asparagine, L-glutamate, and L-glutamine, permease component 2
• Curated sequence Pf1N1B4_772: ABC transporter for L-asparagine and L-glutamate, permease component 1
• Curated sequence PfGW456L13_4771: ABC transporter for L-Asparagine and possibly other L-amino acids, permease component 1
• Ignore hits to Q9I403 when looking for 'other' hits (Amino acid ABC transporter membrane protein, component of Amino acid transporter, AatJMQP. Probably transports L-glutamic acid, D-glutamine acid, L-glutamine and N-acetyl L-glutamic acid (Johnson et al. 2008). Very similar to 3.A.1.3.19 of P. putida)
• Curated sequence P0AER3: Glutamate/aspartate import permease protein GltJ. Glutamate/aspartate transport system permease protein GltJ aka B0654, component of Glutamate/aspartate porter. glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter membrane subunit GltJ (EC 7.4.2.1). glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter membrane subunit GltJ (EC 7.4.2.1)
• Comment: aatQ = PP1070 or AO353_16285 or gltJ
• Total: 5 characterized proteins

aatM: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, permease component 2 (AatM)

• Curated sequence Q88NY4: PP1069, component of Acidic amino acid uptake porter, AatJMQP
• Curated sequence AO353_16280: ABC transporter for L-aspartate, L-asparagine, L-glutamate, and L-glutamine, permease component 1
• Curated sequence Pf1N1B4_773: ABC transporter for L-asparagine and L-glutamate, permease subunit 2
• Curated sequence PfGW456L13_4772: ABC transporter for L-Asparagine and possibly other L-amino acids, permease component 2
• Ignore hits to Q9I404 when looking for 'other' hits (Amino acid ABC transporter membrane protein, component of Amino acid transporter, AatJMQP. Probably transports L-glutamic acid, D-glutamine acid, L-glutamine and N-acetyl L-glutamic acid (Johnson et al. 2008). Very similar to 3.A.1.3.19 of P. putida)
• Curated sequence P0AER5: Glutamate/aspartate import permease protein GltK. Glutamate/aspartate transport system permease protein GltK aka B0653, component of Glutamate/aspartate porter. glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter membrane subunit GltK (EC 7.4.2.1). glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter membrane subunit GltK (EC 7.4.2.1)
• Comment: aatM = PP1069 or AO353_16280 or gltK
• Total: 5 characterized proteins

aatP: aspartate/asparagine ABC transporter, ATPase component

• Curated sequence Q88NY5: PP1068, component of Acidic amino acid uptake porter, AatJMQP
• Curated sequence AO353_16275: ABC transporter for L-aspartate, L-asparagine, L-glutamate, and L-glutamine, ATPase component
• Curated sequence PfGW456L13_4773: ABC transporter for L-Asparagine and possibly other L-amino acids, putative ATPase component
• Curated sequence Pf1N1B4_774: ABC transporter for L-asparagine and L-glutamate, ATPase component
• Ignore hits to Q9I405 when looking for 'other' hits (Amino acid ABC transporter ATP binding protein, component of Amino acid transporter, AatJMQP. Probably transports L-glutamic acid, D-glutamine acid, L-glutamine and N-acetyl L-glutamic acid (Johnson et al. 2008). Very similar to 3.A.1.3.19 of P. putida)
• Curated sequence P0AAG3: Glutamate/aspartate transport ATP-binding protein GltL aka B0652, component of Glutamate/aspartate porter. glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter ATP binding subunit (EC 7.4.2.1). glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter ATP binding subunit (EC 7.4.2.1)
• Comment: aatP = PP1068 or AO353_16275 or gltL
• Total: 5 characterized proteins

glnQ: L-asparagine ABC transporter, ATPase component GlnQ

• Curated sequence Q9CES4: Glutamine ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, component of Glutamine transporter, GlnQP. Takes up glutamine, asparagine and glutamate which compete for each other for binding both substrate and the transmembrane protein constituent of the system (Fulyani et al. 2015). Tandem substrate binding domains (SBDs) differ in substrate specificity and affinity, allowing cells to efficiently accumulate different amino acids via a single ABC transporter. Analysis revealed the roles of individual residues in determining the substrate affinity
• Comment: glnQP from Lactococcus lactis, TC 3.A.1.3.25
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

glnP: L-asparagine ABC transporter, fused permease and substrate-binding components GlnP

• Curated sequence Q9CES5: Glutamine ABC transporter permease and substrate binding protein protein, component of Glutamine transporter, GlnQP. Takes up glutamine, asparagine and glutamate which compete for each other for binding both substrate and the transmembrane protein constituent of the system (Fulyani et al. 2015). Tandem substrate binding domains (SBDs) differ in substrate specificity and affinity, allowing cells to efficiently accumulate different amino acids via a single ABC transporter. Analysis revealed the roles of individual residues in determining the substrate affinity
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

aapJ: ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), substrate-binding component AapJ

• Curated sequence Q52812: AapJ, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux)
• Ignore hits to SMc02118 when looking for 'other' hits (ABC transporter for L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, and other L-amino acids, periplasmic substrate-binding component)
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

aapQ: ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), permease component 1 (AapQ)

• Curated sequence Q52813: AapQ, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux)
• Ignore hits to SMc02119 when looking for 'other' hits (ABC transporter for L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, and other L-amino acids, permease component 1)
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

aapM: ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), permease component 2 (AapM)

• Curated sequence Q52814: AapM, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux)
• Ignore hits to SMc02120 when looking for 'other' hits (ABC transporter for L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, and other L-amino acids, permease component 2)
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

aapP: ABC transporter for amino acids (Asp/Asn/Glu/Pro/Leu), ATPase component AapP

• Curated sequence Q52815: AapP, component of General L-amino acid porter; transports basic and acidic amino acids preferentially, but also transports aliphatic amino acids (catalyzes both uptake and efflux)
• Ignore hits to SMc02121 when looking for 'other' hits (ABC transporter for L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, and other L-amino acids, ATPase component)
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

ansP: L-asparagine permease AnsP

• Curated sequence P77610: L-asparagine permease; L-asparagine transport protein. Asparagine transporter of 499 aas and 12 TMSs, 91% identical to the orthologue in Salmonella enterica (2.A.3.1.8). L-asparagine transporter
• Curated sequence P40812: Asparagine permease (AnsP) of 497 aas and 12 TMSs
• Total: 2 characterized proteins

AGP1: L-asparagine permease AGP1

• Curated sequence CH_091105: general amino acid permease AGP1. General amino acid permease AGP1; Asparagine/glutamine permease. Asn/Gln permease
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

yhiT: probable L-asparagine transporter YhiT

• Curated sequence Q8ZLD2: C4-dicarboxylate transporter, YhiT
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

agcS: Probable asparagine:Na+ symporter AgcS

• Curated sequence W0WFC6: Probable Glycine/alanine/asparagine/glutamine uptake porter, AgcS
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

peb1A: aspartate ABC transporter, perisplasmic substrate-binding component Peb1A

• Curated sequence CH_021449: major cell-binding factor. PEB1A, component of Uptake system for glutamate and aspartate
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

peb1B: aspartate ABC transporter, permease component 1 (Peb1B)

• Curated sequence A1VZQ3: PEP1B, component of Uptake system for glutamate and aspartate
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

peb1C: aspartate ABC transporter, ATPase component Peb1C

• Curated sequence A3ZI83: PEB1C, component of Uptake system for glutamate and aspartate
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

peb1D: aspartate ABC transporter, permease component 2 (Peb1D)

• UniProt sequence A0A0H3PA28: SubName: Full=Amino acid ABC transporter, permease protein PEB1 {ECO:0000313|EMBL:EAQ71872.1};
• Comment: Pep1ABC from Campylobacter jejuni, TC 3.A.1.3.16, is listed with three components, but a second permease subunit (CJJ81176_0926 = Cj0919c = A0A0H3PA28) is conserved nearby, and a genetic study (PMC5438104) found a similar phenotype for this putative subunit as for peb1A/peb1B. We named it peb1D.
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

natF: aspartate ABC transporter, substrate-binding component NatF

• Curated sequence Q8YPM9: NatF, component of Acidic and neutral amino acid uptake transporter NatFGH/BgtA. BgtA is shared with BgtAB
• UniProt sequence Q31RP1: SubName: Full=Extracellular solute-binding protein, family 3 {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABB56278.1};
• Comment: dmeA is described in TCDB as an aspartate transporter, but the cited paper (PMC:PMC4507348) instead suggests that Synpcc7942_0246 to Synpcc7942_0249 is an ABC transporter for aspartate and glutamate. 3/4 subunits are closely related to those of Anabaena N-II (NatFGH-BgtA), which is the main aspartate transporter (PMID:18208492). (For N-II, TC 3.A.1.3.18 lists 3 components NatFGH). Of Synpcc7942_0246 to Synpcc7942_0249: _0246 = Q31RP1 is similar to NatF, _0247 = Q31RP0 is a permease component and is usually named BgtB (but is *not* closely related to Anabaena BgtB), _0248 = Q31RN9 is NatH-like, and _0249 = Q31RN8 is BgtA-like. Anabaena bgtB = alr3187 is not closely related to _0247.
• Total: 2 characterized proteins

bgtB': aspartate ABC transporter, permease component 1 (BgtB)

• UniProt sequence Q31RP0: SubName: Full=ABC-type permease for basic amino acids and glutamine {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABB56279.1};
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

natH: aspartate ABC transporter, permease component 2 (NatH)

• Curated sequence Q8YPM7: NatH, component of Acidic and neutral amino acid uptake transporter NatFGH/BgtA. BgtA is shared with BgtAB
• UniProt sequence Q31RN9: SubName: Full=Amino acid ABC transporter, permease protein, 3-TM region, His/Glu/Gln/Arg/opine {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABB56280.1};
• Total: 2 characterized proteins

bgtA: aspartate ABC transporter, ATPase component BgtA

• UniProt sequence Q31RN8: SubName: Full=ATPase {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABB56281.1};
• Curated sequence Q8YSA2: Basic amino acid uptake transporter, BgtAB
• Comment: Anabanea bgtA = alr4167 = Q8YSA2.
• Total: 2 characterized proteins

natG: aspartate ABC transporter, permease component 1 (NatG)

• Curated sequence Q8YPM8: NatG, component of Acidic and neutral amino acid uptake transporter NatFGH/BgtA. BgtA is shared with BgtAB
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

glt: aspartate:proton symporter Glt

• Curated sequence P21345: Proton/glutamate-aspartate symporter; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein; Proton-glutamate-aspartate transport protein. Glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter, GltP or GltT; has 8 TMSs with 2 re-entrant loops as for GltPh (TC# 2.A.23.1.5). glutamate/aspartate : H⁺ symporter GltP
• Curated sequence CH_014038: aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein. Aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein. Aerobic dicarboxylate transporter, DctA. Interacts with the DcuS sensor kinase. C4 dicarboxylate/orotate:H⁺ symporter. C4 dicarboxylate/orotate:H⁺ symporter
• UniProt sequence A0A0N9WTL5: SubName: Full=Amino acid:proton symporter {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ALI05583.1};
• UniProt sequence A0A0C4Y5S4: SubName: Full=Uncharacterized protein {ECO:0000313|EMBL:AJG18233.1};
• Curated sequence CH_088342: proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein GltT. Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein
• Curated sequence P24943: Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein. proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein GltT. Glutamate/aspartate:Na+ + H+ symporter
• Curated sequence P43003: Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3. Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1) (GLAST-1) (Solute carrier family 1 member 3)
• Curated sequence CH_091614: excitatory amino acid transporter 1. Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Glial glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3. Glutamate/aspartate:Na+ symporter, GLAST or EAAT1, Structural rearrangements have been probed by Leighton et al., 2006). EAAT1 interacts directly with the Na+, K+-ATPase (TC #3.A.3.1) (Rose et al., 2009). CEAT1 couples glutamate uptake to the symport of 3 Na+ and 1 H+ followed by the antiport of 1 K+. It can function as an uncoupled anion, water and/or urea channel (Vandenberg et al., 2011). Large collective motions regulate the functional properties of EAAT1 trimers
• Curated sequence O35544: Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6
• Curated sequence O35921: Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6
• Curated sequence O57321: Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; SEAAT1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; GLAST
• Curated sequence O59010: Glutamate transporter homolog; Glt(Ph); Sodium-aspartate symporter Glt(Ph); Sodium-dependent aspartate transporter. Archaeal aspartate transporter, Gltph (GltPh) (3-D structure known; 3V8F and 3V8G) (Boudker et al., 2007; Yernool et al., 2004). Cotransports aspartate with 2 Na+ (Ryan et al., 2009) or 3 Na+ (Groeneveld and Slotboom, 2010) or 1Na+ plus 1 H+ plus 1 K+
• Curated sequence P24943: Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein. proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein GltT. Glutamate/aspartate:Na+ + H+ symporter
• Curated sequence P31596: Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; GLT-1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; GLUT-R; Solute carrier family 1 member 2. Glutamate/aspartate:Na+ symporter, GLT1; GLUT-R; EAAT2. Interacts directly with the Na+, K+-ATPase (TC #3.A.3.1) (Rose et al., 2009). Cotransports glutamic acid with three Na+ followed by countertransport of K+ (Teichman et al., 2009). The C-terminal 74aa domain regulates transport activity (Leinenweber et al., 2011). Hippocampal glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) levels parallel memory training (Heo et al., 2011). GLT-1 is regulated by MAGI-1
• Curated sequence P31597: Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1
• Curated sequence P43004: Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; Glutamate/aspartate transporter II; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2, EAAT2 (Glutamate/aspartate transporter II) (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2) (Solute carrier family 1 member 2)
• Curated sequence P43005: Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Neuronal and epithelial glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1. Glutamate/aspartate/cysteine:Na+ symporter, EAAC1; EAAT3, SLC1A1 (Li+ can replace Na+; EAAC1 also mediates glutamate-independent anion conductance.) Cotransports glutamic acid with three Na+ followed by countertransport of K+(Teichman et al., 2009). The 50 residue 4B-4C loop (following TMS4) binds Na+ (Koch et al., 2007). (The dicarboxylic aminoaciduria protein in humans; NP_004161; Bröer, 2008a; 2008b). Neutralizing aspartate 83 modifies substrate translocation
• Curated sequence P43006: Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; GLT-1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2
• Curated sequence P46411: Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3
• Curated sequence P48664: Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6. Excitatory amino acid transporter 4, EAAT4 (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter) (Solute carrier family 1 member 6)
• Curated sequence P51906: Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1
• Curated sequence P51907: Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1
• Curated sequence P56564: Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Glial high affinity glutamate transporter; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; GluT-1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3
• Curated sequence Q9N1R2: Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6
• Curated sequence B0W0K4: EAAT homologue, a glutamate/aspartate preferring transporter of 483 aas
• Curated sequence Q10901: Excitatory amino acid transporter (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter), Gkt-1 of 503 aas and 9 - 11 TMSs
• Curated sequence Q8T0S9: Aspartate/taurine (not glutamate):Na+ symporter, dEAAT2 (mediates both uptake and heteroexchange of its two substrates, both dependent on external Na+ (with taurine outside and Asp inside)); L-glutamate is transported with low affinity and efficiency
• Curated sequence CH_088342: proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein GltT. Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein
• Ignore hits to Q9N280 when looking for 'other' hits (glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17))
• Curated sequence P39817: Proton/glutamate-aspartate symporter; Proton/glutamate symport protein
• UniProt sequence A1S570: SubName: Full=Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABL99526.1};
• Comment: The original cluster was entirely eukaryotic except for gltPh from Pyrococcus horikoshii. Added gltT from Bacillus caldotenax (CharProtDB::CH_088342), which is also an aspartate transporter. So, named it glt. Ignore Q9N280 which has a questionable annotation in BRENDA. But the more distantly related protein AO356_01905 (A0A0N9WTL5) also seems to be an aspartate transporter. Similarly, the related protein RR42_RS03990 (A0A0C4Y5S4) is specifically important for asparagine utilization. Asparagine is probably cleaved in the periplasm (by RR42_RS12610 or RR42_RS26140) so this is probably an aspartate transporter as well. And the related protein P24944 (CH_088342) or P24943 is an aspartate transporter. This cluster also includes the aspartate transporter DctA from E. coli; it is almost 80% identical to Pseudomonas dicarboxylate transporters whose activity on aspartate is uncertain. As these are not important for aspartate utilization (AO356_18980, AO353_02800), do not mark them as ignored. The gltP from B. subtilis (P39817) was added manually. A related aspartate/glutamate transporter was identified in Shewanella amazonensis SB2B (Sama_1319, A1S570) using fitness data.
• Total: 28 characterized proteins

acaP: aspartate permease AcaP

• Curated sequence A2RL65: Aspartate/glutamate permease AcaP
• Curated sequence F2HJG8: Aspartate/Glutamate transporter of 488 aas and 12 TMSs, AcaP
• Ignore hits to P75835 when looking for 'other' hits (The GadC homologue)
• Comment: Ignore E. coli YcaM which does not seem to be characterized
• Total: 2 characterized proteins

SLC7A13: sodium-independent aspartate transporter

• Curated sequence Q8TCU3: Solute carrier family 7 member 13; Sodium-independent aspartate/glutamate transporter 1; X-amino acid transporter 2. Solute carrier family 7 member 13 (Sodium-independent aspartate/glutamate transporter 1) (X-amino acid transporter 2)
• Curated sequence Q91WN3: Solute carrier family 7 member 13; Sodium-independent aspartate/glutamate transporter 1; X-amino acid transporter 2. Aspartate/glutamate Na+-independent transporter, AGT1
• Total: 2 characterized proteins

BPHYT_RS17540: aspartate:H+ (or asparagine) symporter

• UniProt sequence B2SZ32: SubName: Full=Amino acid permease-associated region {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ACD17917.1};
• Comment: BPHYT_RS17540 belongs to the APC (amino acid/polyamine/organocation) family of permeases and is specifically important with asparagine (or glutamine) as the sole source of carbon or nitrogen. Asparagine is probably cleaved in the periplasm by BPHYT_RS08815 before uptake of asparatate.
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

yveA: aspartate:proton symporter YveA

• Curated sequence O07002: Aspartate-proton symporter; L-aspartate transporter. The aspartate uptake permease, YveA
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

dauA: dicarboxylic acid transporter DauA

• Curated sequence P0AFR2: C4-dicarboxylic acid transporter DauA; Dicarboxylic acid uptake system A. Bicarbonate transporter, DauA (YchM). Also transports dicarboxylic acids including fumarate, aspartate and succinate, and is therefore designated the dicarboxylic acid uptake system A (DauA) (Karinou et al. 2013) It is the only succinate uptake porter at acidic pHs. The STAS domain forms a complex with the acyl carrier protein, ACP and malonyl-ACP, and the complex has been determined by x-ray crystallography (PDB# 3NY7). aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transporter DauA. aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transporter DauA
• Ignore hits to A1JRS3 when looking for 'other' hits (SulP homologue. The low resolution structure is available)
• Comment: Ignore TC 2.A.53.3.9 / A1JRS3 which has structural information only (no subunit information)
• Total: 1 characterized proteins

ans: asparaginase

• Curated proteins or TIGRFams with EC 3.5.1.1
• Curated proteins or TIGRFams with EC 3.5.1.38
• Do not include HMM TIGR00519 (when considering EC numbers)
• Comment: Isoaspartyl peptidases such as E. coli iaaA have this activity and are labeled heteromeric, because the proenzyme is cleaved into two subunits; this need not be represented here. TIGR00519 is not used because it hits GatD, a subunit of glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase
• Total: 1 HMMs and 44 characterized proteins