PaperBLAST

PaperBLAST Hits for SwissProt::O35544 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6 (Mus musculus (Mouse)) (561 a.a., MSSHGNSLFL...)

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>SwissProt::O35544 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6 (Mus musculus (Mouse))
MSSHGNSLFLRESGAGGGCLQGLQDSLQQRALRTRLRLQTMTREHVRRFLRRNAFILLTV
SAVIIGVSLAFALRPYQLSYRQIKYFSFPGELLMRMLQMLVLPLIVSSLVTGMASLDNKA
TGRMGMRAAVYYMVTTVIAVFIGILMVTIIHPGKGSKEGLHREGRIETVPTADAFMDLVR
NMFPPNLVEACFKQFKTQYSTRVVTRTIVRTDNGSELGASMSPTSSVENETSILENVTRA
LGTLQEVISFEETVPVPGSANGINALGLVVFSVAFGLVIGGMKHKGRVLRDFFDSLNEAI
MRLVGIIIWYAPVGILFLIAGKILEMEDMAVLGGQLGMYTLTVIVGLFLHAGGVLPLIYF
LVTHRNPFPFIGGMLQALITAMGTSSSSATLPITFRCLEEGLGVDRRITRFVLPVGATVN
MDGTALYEALAAIFIAQVNNYELNLGQITTISITATAASVGAAGIPQAGLVTMVIVLTSV
GLPTEDITLIIAVDWFLDRLRTMTNVLGDSIGAAVIEHLSQRELELQEAELTLPSLGKPY
KSLMAQEKGASRGRGGNESVM

Running BLASTp...

Found 321 similar proteins in the literature:

EAA4_MOUSE / O35544 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6 from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see paper)
NP_033226 excitatory amino acid transporter 4 from Mus musculus
100% identity, 100% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:9379843). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (Probable).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• Climbing Fiber-Mediated Spillover Transmission to Interneurons Is Regulated by EAAT4.
  Malhotra, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2021
  • GeneRIF: Climbing Fiber-Mediated Spillover Transmission to Interneurons Is Regulated by EAAT4.
• Impact of Reduced Cerebellar EAAT Expression on Purkinje Cell Firing Pattern of NPC1-deficient Mice.
  Rabenstein, Scientific reports 2018
  • GeneRIF: Reduced Cerebellar EAAT4 Expression associated with loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells resluts in neurodegeneration and Niemann-Pick disease Type C1.
• Loss of cerebellar glutamate transporters EAAT4 and GLAST differentially affects the spontaneous firing pattern and survival of Purkinje cells.
  Perkins, Human molecular genetics 2018
  • GeneRIF: EAAT4 role in the spontaneous firing pattern and survival of Purkinje cells.
• MicroRNA-128 Protects Dopamine Neurons from Apoptosis and Upregulates the Expression of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4 in Parkinson's Disease by Binding to AXIN1.
  Zhou, Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 2018 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Overexpressed miR-128 downregulates the expression of AXIN1 but upregulates that of EAAT4 in dopamine neurons of Parkinson's disease mice.
• Downregulation of Glutamate Transporter EAAT4 by Conditional Knockout of Rheb1 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells.
  Jiang, Cerebellum (London, England) 2016 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: EAAT4 was downregulated due to the loss of Rheb1 in Purkinje cells; mTORC1 was downregulated and Akt was upregulated in Rheb1 cKO mice, suggesting that mTORC1 and Akt may be related to the downregulation of EAAT4; Rheb1 knockout decreased EAAT4 currents and slowed down the kinetics of AMPA currents; Rheb1 deficiency did not affect the morphology of Purkinje cell layer and the development of Purkinje cells
• Posterior cerebellar Purkinje cells in an SCA5/SPARCA1 mouse model are especially vulnerable to the synergistic effect of loss of β-III spectrin and GLAST.
  Perkins, Human molecular genetics 2016
  • GeneRIF: Loss of EAAT4 accounts for the initial hyper-excitability of Purkinje cells lacking b-III spectrin and that loss of GLAST appears to work synergistically to worsen motor deficits. When levels of both EAAT4 and GLAST are compromised in b-III(-/-) mice, the proximal dendrites of Purkinje cells within the posterior cerebellum are the most vulnerable to degeneration.
• Glutamate transporters EAAT4 and EAAT5 are expressed in vestibular hair cells and calyx endings.
  Dalet, PloS one 2012
  • GeneRIF: Glutamate transporters EAAT4 and EAAT5 are expressed in vestibular hair cells and calyx endings.
• Quantitative analysis of EAAT4 promoter activity in neurons and astrocytes of mouse somatic sensory cortex.
  de, Neuroscience letters 2010 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The role of EAAT4 in cortical glutamatergic transmission may be more important than previously thought.
• More
• Transcriptomics and proteomics characterizing the antioxidant mechanisms of semaglutide in diabetic mice with cognitive impairment
  Yang, International journal of molecular medicine 2025 (no snippet)
• Protein Networks Associated with Native Metabotropic Glutamate 1 Receptors (mGlu₁) in the Mouse Cerebellum
  Mansouri, Cells 2023
  • “...12 member 5 Slc12a5 29 NP_001342409.1 P56564 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 Slc1a3 6 NP_683740.1 O35544 excitatory amino acid transporter 4 Slc1a6 7 NP_033226.1 Q61625 glutamate receptor ionotropic, -2 Grid2 20 NP_032193.1 Q99JP6 homer protein homolog 3 Homer3 14 NP_001139625.1 P16330 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase Cnp 10 NP_001139790.1...”
• Pathophysiology of Cerebellar Degeneration in Mitochondrial Disorders: Insights from the Harlequin Mouse
  Fernández, International journal of molecular sciences 2023
  • “...O35633 Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VGAT) Slc32a1 14.03 6.29 1 3 4 1 1.181 O35544 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) Slc1a6 5.31 4.63 1 1 2 1 0.692 E9Q517 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1(Gly-T1) Slc6a9 8.02 5.37 3 3 3 1 0.953 Cellular...”
• The proteome of mouse cerebral arteries
  Badhwar, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2014 (secret)
• Spatio-temporal analysis of molecular determinants of neuronal degeneration in the aging mouse cerebellum
  de, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2013
  • “...SERCA2 Q64518 SERCA3 Q9QZC1 P63143 TrpC3 Kv1 Q6PHS9 O35544 Q5DTL9 Cav22 Eaat4 Slc4a10 Q921R8 Q6WQJ1 Q8JZM4 Slc41a3 DGL- DNER Q8C5W0 Calmin Q6NXK7 Q62092 Q3UH99...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...P31597 P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259 AF018260 P43004 P43006 P31596 AF018257 AF018258 O10901 O25605 O21353...”

EAA4_RAT / O35921 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6 from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see 2 papers)
99% identity, 100% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:14506254, PubMed:26690923). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:14506254). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:14506254). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (Probable).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• Membrane Protein Identification in Rodent Brain Tissue Samples and Acute Brain Slices
  Joost, Cells 2019
  • “...1 10 14 8 7 P31596 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 11 12 9 7 O35921 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 8 7 7 6 Ion Channels Q9Z2L0 Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 0 9 12 11 P10499 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 6...”
• Identification and characterization of the BRI2 interactome in the brain
  Martins, Scientific reports 2018
  • “...transporter 1 CC, HP, CB P31596 Slc1a2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 CC, HP, CB O35921 Slc1a6 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 CB O88871 Gabbr2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 CC P47819 Gfap Glial fibrillary acidic protein CC, HP, CB P19490 Gria1 Glutamate receptor...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259 AF018260 P43004 P43006 P31596 AF018257 AF018258 O10901 O25605 O21353 O21751...”

EAA4_HUMAN / P48664 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 2 papers)
TC 2.A.23.2.8 / P48664 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4, EAAT4 (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter) (Solute carrier family 1 member 6) from Homo sapiens (see 2 papers)
95% identity, 99% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:26690923, PubMed:7791878). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:7791878). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (Probable).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• substrates: Na+, aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: Klotho, a 1012 aa protein with N- and C-terminal TMSs, is a regulator of the excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4 (Almilaji et al. 2013). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, enhanced Cl- currents via EAAT4, but this increased Cl- current was not thermodynamically coupled to glutamate transport. These PMA-enhanced Cl- currents were partially blocked by staurosporine, chelerythrine, and calphostin C, the three PKC inhibitors, implying that PKC-mediated phsophorylation was responsible (Fang et al. 2006)
• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...EAAT, their UniProt accession numbers are in () EAAT1 (P43003), EAAT2 (P43004), EAAT3 (P43005), EAAT4 (P48664) and EAAT 5 (O00341). The corresponding protein coding isoforms were listed utilizing Ensembl genome browser (Ensemble release 112) which identifies potential isoforms via automatic gene-centric mapping from eukaryotic reference proteomes...”
• Structural bioinformatics studies of glutamate transporters and their AlphaFold2 predicted water-soluble QTY variants and uncovering the natural mutations of L->Q, I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I and Y->F.
  Karagöl, PloS one 2024
  • “...UniProt accession numbers for the EAATs 14, VGLUTs 13, and YLAT2 are P43003, P43004, P43005, P48664, Q9P2U7, Q9P2U8, Q8NDX2, and Q92536, respectively. The sequences were available from UniProt [ 24 ]. The QTY code was applied to transmembrane alpha-helices of each protein sequence, using the topological...”
• Post translational modifications of milk proteins in geographically diverse goat breeds
  Rout, Scientific reports 2021
  • “...S338; D345; S349; S351 CEP152 P23471 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta S1444; S1446; S1447; Y1448 PTPRZ1 P48664 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 S562 SLC1A6 Q13753 Laminin subunit gamma-2 D498; Y500; D503; D524; S526; S528; D532 LAMC2 Q5JTW2 Centrosomal protein of 78 kDa S117; S119; S120 CEP78 Q7Z5A7...”
• Altered gene expression in tree shrew retina and retinal pigment epithelium produced by short periods of minus-lens wear.
  He, Experimental eye research 2018
  • “...P98164 OPN4 Melanopsin Q9UHM6 P2RY1 P2Y purinoceptor 1 P47900 SLC1A6 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 P48664 SSTR2 Somatostatin receptor 2 P30874 STX2 Syntaxin 2 P32856 VIPR1 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 P32241 Intracellular CHAT Choline O-acetyltransferase P28329 CRABP1 Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 P29762 DBH Dopamine...”
• THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2017
  • “...SLC1A6 SLC1A7 HGNC, UniProt SLC1A3 , P43003 SLC1A2 , P43004 SLC1A1 , P43005 SLC1A6 , P48664 SLC1A7 , O00341 Common abreviation EAAT1 EAAT2 EAAT3 EAAT4 EAAT5 Substrates DLthreo hydroxyaspartate ( K i 5.810 5 M) [ 488 ], Daspartic acid , Ltrans2,4pyrolidine dicarboxylate Daspartic acid ,...”
• The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2015
  • “...EAAT4 EAAT5 HGNC, UniProt SLC1A3 , P43003 SLC1A2 , P43004 SLC1A1 , P43005 SLC1A6 , P48664 SLC1A7 , O00341 Substrates DLthreo hydroxyaspartate ( K i 5.8 10 5 M) [ 444 ], Daspartic acid , Ltrans2 , 4pyrolidine dicarboxylate Daspartic acid , DLthreo hydroxyaspartate , Ltrans2...”
• The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2013
  • “...abbreviation EAAT1 EAAT2 EAAT3 EAAT4 EAAT5 HGNC, UniProt SLC1A3, P43003 SLC1A2, P43004 SLC1A1, P43005 SLC1A6, P48664 SLC1A7, O00341 Endogenous substrates L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine 94 L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid Substrates DL-threo--hydroxyaspartate, L-trans-2,4-pyrolidine dicarboxylate,...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259 AF018260 P43004 P43006 P31596 AF018257 AF018258 O10901 O25605 O21353 O21751 Z99277...”

EAA4_CANLF / Q9N1R2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 6 from Canis lupus familiaris (Dog) (Canis familiaris) (see paper)
95% identity, 99% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D- aspartate. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport. Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate.
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer.

EAA1_MOUSE / P56564 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Glial high affinity glutamate transporter; High-affinity neuronal glutamate transporter; GluT-1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3 from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see 6 papers)
NP_683740 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 from Mus musculus
Q543U3 Amino acid transporter from Mus musculus
67% identity, 97% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:28032905, PubMed:7903437). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (PubMed:15363892, PubMed:15390100, PubMed:16880397).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer (By similarity).
  disruption phenotype: No visible phenotype (PubMed:15363892, PubMed:15390100). Mutant mice display normal locomotion, motor coordination and learning, and globally normal glutamate uptake in brain vesicle preparations (PubMed:15363892). The decay time of glutamate receptor mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in cerebellar Purkinje is slightly increased (PubMed:15363892). The decreased rate of glutamate uptake in retina Mueller cells from mutant mice suggests that Slc1a3 accounts for about half of the glutamate uptake activity in wild-type cells (PubMed:15390100). Mice deficient in both Slc1a2 and Slc1a3 die at about 17 dpc (PubMed:16880397).
• Protein Networks Associated with Native Metabotropic Glutamate 1 Receptors (mGlu₁) in the Mouse Cerebellum
  Mansouri, Cells 2023
  • “...subunit -1 Atp1b1 7 NP_033851.1 Q91V14 solute carrier family 12 member 5 Slc12a5 29 NP_001342409.1 P56564 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 Slc1a3 6 NP_683740.1 O35544 excitatory amino acid transporter 4 Slc1a6 7 NP_033226.1 Q61625 glutamate receptor ionotropic, -2 Grid2 20 NP_032193.1 Q99JP6 homer protein homolog 3...”
• Systems Biology Reveals S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Regulation of Mitochondrial Functions in Mice with Shank3 Mutation Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  Kartawy, Brain sciences 2021
  • “...P51612 DNA repair protein complementing XP-C cells homolog Q8CBB9 Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 P56564 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 O70372 Telomerase reverse transcriptase Q9CPQ1 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C P50171 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8 Q9R1M5 NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 5 Q8BH59 Calcium-binding mitochondrial...”
• Proteomic changes during experimental de- and remyelination in the corpus callosum
  Szilagyi, PloS one 2020
  • “...0.231 0.671 0.039 1.172 0.004 P47955 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 0.541 0.414 0.315 0.027 P56564 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 0.390 0.232 0.451 0.012 P98086 Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A 0.820 0.596 1.510 0.000 Q9EQU5 Protein SET 0.423 0.160 0.477 0.004 Q06890 Clusterin 0.039 0.346...”
• Native KCC2 interactome reveals PACSIN1 as a critical regulator of synaptic inhibition
  Mahadevan, eLife 2017
  • “...X RAP2B* P61226 1.3 0.42 X X SYT1 P46096 1.3 0.65 X X X SLC1A3 P56564 1.3 0.9 X X X CAPRIN1 Q60865 1.3 0.56 X X YWHAZ* P63101 1.3 0.44 X X X X X ATP1A3* Q6PIC6 1.3 0 X X X X STX1B* P61264...”
• Label-Free Neuroproteomics of the Hippocampal-Accumbal Circuit Reveals Deficits in Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Signaling in Mice Lacking Ethanol-Sensitive Adenosine Transporter.
  Oliveros, Journal of proteome research 2017
  • “...11 P97438-2 KCNK2 K+ Chan subfam K2 (TREK-1) ion transport in astrocytes 7.22 10 9 P56564 SLC1A3 EAAT1 (GLAST) GluR signaling, Syn-LTP 3.75 8.7 10 3 P28571-1 SLC6A9 solute carrier fam 6 member 9-Gly trans GluR signaling, Syn-LTP 2.37 3.8 10 2 P43006 SLC1A2 EAAT2 (GLT-1)...”
• Proteomic Analysis of Dynein-Interacting Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Synaptosomes Reveals Alterations in the RNA-Binding Protein Staufen1.
  Gershoni-Emek, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2016
• Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Protein Changes in the Striatum during Chronic Ethanol Use and Early Withdrawal.
  Ayers-Ringler, Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 2016
  • “...2.497 SLC1A3 Solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3; EAAT1, GLAST P56564 2.370 STK26 Serine/threonine protein kinase 26 Q99JT2 2.325 WFS1 Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin) P56695 2.252 DOWN LIAS Lipoic acid synthetase Q99M04 7.721 RPL28 Ribosomal protein L28 P41105 6.233 CHERP Calcium...”
• Determining composition of micron-scale protein deposits in neurodegenerative disease by spatially targeted optical microproteomics.
  Hadley, eLife 2015
  • “...Na/K-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 Q6PIE5 14 0.95 Detected, not enriched Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 P56564 14 0.93 Detected, not enriched Microtubule-associated protein 6 Q7TSJ2 13 0.87 Detected, not enriched Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform Q76MZ3 11 0.80 Detected, not enriched...”
• More
• [Effects of GLAST gene knockout on phenotype and hearing in mice].
  Wu, Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 2022 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: [Effects of GLAST gene knockout on phenotype and hearing in mice].
• Slc1a3-2A-CreERT2 mice reveal unique features of Bergmann glia and augment a growing collection of Cre drivers and effectors in the 129S4 genetic background.
  Kaczmarczyk, Scientific reports 2021
  • GeneRIF: Slc1a3-2A-CreERT2 mice reveal unique features of Bergmann glia and augment a growing collection of Cre drivers and effectors in the 129S4 genetic background.
• Chronic optogenetic stimulation of Bergman glia leads to dysfunction of EAAT1 and Purkinje cell death, mimicking the events caused by expression of pathogenic ataxin-1.
  Shuvaev, Neurobiology of disease 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Chronic optogenetic stimulation of Bergman glia leads to dysfunction of EAAT1 and Purkinje cell death, mimicking the events caused by expression of pathogenic ataxin-1.
• Auditory synaptopathy in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLAST and its impact on brain activity.
  Tserga, Progress in brain research 2021
  • GeneRIF: Auditory synaptopathy in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLAST and its impact on brain activity.
• Early postnatal inhibition of GLAST causes abnormalities of psychobehaviors and neuronal morphology in adult mice.
  Uchida, Neurochemistry international 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Early postnatal inhibition of GLAST causes abnormalities of psychobehaviors and neuronal morphology in adult mice.
• Circadian vulnerability of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in the cochlea.
  Tserga, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2020
  • GeneRIF: Circadian vulnerability of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in the cochlea.
• Defining compartmentalized stem cell populations with distinct cell division dynamics in the ocular surface epithelium.
  Ishii, Development (Cambridge, England) 2020
  • GeneRIF: Defining compartmentalized stem cell populations with distinct cell division dynamics in the ocular surface epithelium.
• Targeting β-Catenin in GLAST-Expressing Cells: Impact on Anxiety and Depression-Related Behavior and Hippocampal Proliferation.
  Vidal, Molecular neurobiology 2019 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: beta-catenin inactivation in GLAST-expressing cells enhanced anxious/depressive-like responses.
• More
• A comprehensive mouse brain acetylome-the cellular-specific distribution of acetylated brain proteins
  Ji, Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2022
  • “...Q3UYK6 Amino acid transporter Slc1a2 Acetyl [ ; K157; K193; ; ; K525; K557; K569] Q543U3 Amino acid transporter Slc1a3 Acetyl [K191; K542] Q69ZW4 MKIAA0899 protein (Fragment) Ap2a2 Acetyl [K60; K64; K146; K406; K598; K660; K884] E9QLK9 Clathrin coat assembly protein AP180 Snap91 Acetyl [K38; K39;...”
• Quantitative proteomic analysis after neuroprotective MyD88 inhibition in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse
  Carmy-Bennun, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2021
  • “...diphosphatase Dcps 0.778964 Q9D6F9 Tubulin beta4A Tubb4a 0.774845 Q9WV34 MAGUK p55subfamily member 2 Mpp2 0.764446 Q543U3 Amino acid transporter Slc1a3 0.761894 P18572 Basigin Bsg 0.7458 Q11011 Puromycinsensitive aminopeptidase Npepps 0.745201 Q6ZWN5 40S ribosomal protein S9 Rps9 0.705544 P09405 Nucleolin Ncl 0.687052 O54984 ATPase GET3 Asna1 0.59596...”
• Identification of KRT16 as a target of an autoantibody response in complex regional pain syndrome.
  Tajerian, Experimental neurology 2017
  • “...Eno1 Alpha-enolase 1.315130317 B1ARR6 Eno1 Alpha-enolase 1.315130317 B1ARR7 Eno2 Gamma-enolase 1.315130317 P17183 Eno2 Gamma-enolase 1.315130317 Q543U3 Prph Peripherin 1.303358941 D3YU63 Eno3 Beta-enolase 1.182414652 Q9EQ83 Prph Peripherin 1.16790781 Q3UHD6 Prph Peripherin 1.16790781 Q8K088 Tubb5 Tubulin beta-5 1.152288344 E0CYF3 Krt8 Keratin 8 1.037426498 D3Z2S4 Eno3 Beta-enolase 1.026941628 D3Z6E4...”

NP_001003136 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 from Canis lupus familiaris
67% identity, 97% coverage

• Modulatory roles of NHERF1 and NHERF2 in cell surface expression of the glutamate transporter GLAST.
  Sato, Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2013 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: These results suggest that NHERF1 interacts with GLAST during ER export, while NHERF2 interacts with GLAST in the secretory pathway from the ERGIC to the plasma membrane, thereby modulating the cell surface expression of GLAST.

EAA1_RAT / P24942 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Glial glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3 from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see 4 papers)
TC 2.A.23.2.1 / P24942 Glutamate/aspartate:Na+ symporter, GLAST or EAAT1, Structural rearrangements have been probed by Leighton et al., 2006). EAAT1 interacts directly with the Na+, K+-ATPase (TC #3.A.3.1) (Rose et al., 2009). CEAT1 couples glutamate uptake to the symport of 3 Na+ and 1 H+ followed by the antiport of 1 K+. It can function as an uncoupled anion, water and/or urea channel (Vandenberg et al., 2011). Large collective motions regulate the functional properties of EAAT1 trimers from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see 5 papers)
Slc1a3 / RF|NP_062098.1 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 from Rattus norvegicus (see paper)
67% identity, 97% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:1279699, PubMed:8387171). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer (By similarity).
• substrates: H+, K+, Na+, aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: The reentrant helical hairpin loop, HP1, functions during the transport cycle as the proposed internal gate. HP1 is packed against transmembrane domain, TMS 2 and TMS5 in its closed state, and two residues located in TM2 and HP2 of EAAT1 are in close proximity (Zhang et al. 2014). In EAAT1, R388 is a critical element for the structural coupling between the substrate translocation and the gating mechanisms of the EAAT-associated anion channel, and conversion to E or D creates a constitutively open anion channel (Torres-Salazar et al. 2015)
• Lead-Induced Motor Dysfunction Is Associated with Oxidative Stress, Proteome Modulation, and Neurodegeneration in Motor Cortex of Rats
  Leão, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2021
  • “...triggers metabolic dysfunction that affects the up-regulation of proteins as Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (P24942) and 2 (P31596), besides the synaptic communication as shown by the up-regulation of Syntaxin 1B (P61265) and Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (P61765), Synasin 1 (P09951), and 2 (Q63537). In addition to...”
• Hippocampal Impairment Triggered by Long-Term Lead Exposure from Adolescence to Adulthood in Rats: Insights from Molecular to Functional Levels.
  Alves, International journal of molecular sciences 2020
  • “...by Pb-induced neurotoxicity, the proteomic investigation showed exclusive regulation of Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (P24942) in control group and downregulation of proteins related to synapse transmission, as synapsin-1 (P09951) and 2 (Q63537), besides the synaptotagmin-1 (P21707), 2 (P29101) and 5 (P47861). Furthermore, synaptophysin (P07825) mediates...”
  • “...3891 + P27139 Carbonic anhydrase 2 12,017 P12075 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial 23,587 P24942 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 27,055 P04906 Glutathione S-transferase P 9312 + + 219 proteins with different status of regulation a Accession ID according to the Uniport.org database. Positive and...”
• Membrane Protein Identification in Rodent Brain Tissue Samples and Acute Brain Slices
  Joost, Cells 2019
  • “...11 8 6 5 P28572 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 12 4 4 4 P24942 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 10 14 8 7 P31596 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 11 12 9 7 O35921 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 8 7 7 6 Ion...”
• Identification and characterization of the BRI2 interactome in the brain
  Martins, Scientific reports 2018
  • “...domain-containing protein 3 HP Q8CH84 Elavl2 ELAV-like protein 2 CC O35179 Sh3gl2 Endophilin-A1 CC, CB P24942 Slc1a3 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 CC, HP, CB P31596 Slc1a2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 CC, HP, CB O35921 Slc1a6 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 CB O88871 Gabbr2 Gamma-aminobutyric...”
• MLC1 protein: a likely link between leukodystrophies and brain channelopathies.
  Brignone, Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2015
  • “...channel protein 3 Q9R1Z0 Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 Q9Z0W7 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 P24942 This table lists some of the newly identified MLC1 interactors among kinase/phosphatase and ion channel/transporter proteins (Ambrosini manuscript in preparation). Interactors were identified by pull-down and LC-MS analysis of primary...”
• Neuroproteome changes after ischemia/reperfusion injury and tissue plasminogen activator administration in rats: a quantitative iTRAQ proteomics study
  Merali, PloS one 2014
  • “...kinase type II subunit delta P15791 12 1.09 1.48 1.29 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 P24942 4 1.34 1.27 1.07 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 Q05683 6 1.52 1.15 1.46 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial P10860 14 1.03 1.07 1.10 Microtubule-associated protein tau P19332 5 1.04 1.08 1.13 Myelin...”
• Use of biotinylated ubiquitin for analysis of rat brain mitochondrial proteome and interactome.
  Buneeva, International journal of molecular sciences 2012
  • “...P14882 5 37.33 M Transporters ( n = 4) 1 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 P24942 6 34.57 PM 2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 P31596 2 26.35 PM 3 Glial high affinity glutamate transporter isoform a G3V6R2 2 25.7 PM 4 sodium-dependent high affinity glutamate...”
  • “...P12839, Nefl = P19527, Camk2a = P11275, Ina = P23565, Gfap = P47819, Slc1a3 = P24942, ENSRNOG00000018630 = Q0QEU1, Krt14 = Q6IFV1, Tubb3 = Q6P9T8, Tuba4a = Q6P9V9, Tubb5 = Q3KRE8, Vamp2 = P63045, Snap23 = O70377, Snap25 = P60881, Stx1b = P61265, Syt1 = P21707....”
• Identification of novel γ-secretase-associated proteins in detergent-resistant membranes from brain.
  Hur, The Journal of biological chemistry 2012
• More

Q8C7W8 Amino acid transporter from Mus musculus
67% identity, 97% coverage

• Proteomic Analysis of Dynein-Interacting Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Synaptosomes Reveals Alterations in the RNA-Binding Protein Staufen1.
  Gershoni-Emek, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2016

EAA1_BOVIN / P46411 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3 from Bos taurus (Bovine) (see paper)
XP_004017092 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 from Ovis aries
67% identity, 96% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:7723632). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer (By similarity).
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...AF003006 P51906 P51907 O95135 P31597 P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259 AF018260 P43004 P43006 P31596 AF018257...”
• Exploring effects of EAAT polymorphisms on cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
  Spangaro, Pharmacogenomics 2014 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: the effect of functional polymorphisms (rs4354668 and rs2731880) of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1 and 2) on the cognitive dysfunction that characterizes schizophrenia

EAA1_HUMAN / P43003 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1; GLAST-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 3 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 8 papers)
TC 2.A.23.2.6 / P43003 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1) (GLAST-1) (Solute carrier family 1 member 3) from Homo sapiens (see 9 papers)
NP_004163 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform 1 from Homo sapiens
67% identity, 96% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:20477940, PubMed:26690923, PubMed:28032905, PubMed:28424515, PubMed:7521911, PubMed:8123008). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:20477940). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:20477940). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer (PubMed:28424515).
• substrates: Na+, aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: Mutations cause episodic ataxia type 6 (EA6) (Choi et al. 2016; Iwama et al. 2017). EAAT1 regulates the extent and duration of glutamate-mediated signals by the clearance of glutamate after synaptic release. It also has an anion channel activity that prevents additional glutamate release. This system may be important for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Parkin et al. 2018). Substrate-induced structural rearrangements occur between the TMS4b-4c loop and TMS7 during the transport cycle (Zhang et al. 2019)
• Identification of Polymorphisms in EAAT1 Glutamate Transporter Gene SLC1A3 Associated with Reduced Migraine Risk.
  Albury, Genes 2024
  • GeneRIF: Identification of Polymorphisms in EAAT1 Glutamate Transporter Gene SLC1A3 Associated with Reduced Migraine Risk.
• Diminished motor neuron activity driven by abnormal astrocytic EAAT1 glutamate transporter activity in spinal muscular atrophy is not fully restored after lentiviral SMN delivery.
  Welby, Glia 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Diminished motor neuron activity driven by abnormal astrocytic EAAT1 glutamate transporter activity in spinal muscular atrophy is not fully restored after lentiviral SMN delivery.
• Ataxia-linked SLC1A3 mutations alter EAAT1 chloride channel activity and glial regulation of CNS function.
  Wu, The Journal of clinical investigation 2022
  • GeneRIF: Ataxia-linked SLC1A3 mutations alter EAAT1 chloride channel activity and glial regulation of CNS function.
• Microscopic Characterization of the Chloride Permeation Pathway in the Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).
  Pant, ACS chemical neuroscience 2022
  • GeneRIF: Microscopic Characterization of the Chloride Permeation Pathway in the Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).
• Research on the Relationship Between Schizophrenia and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 Gene Based on Nanogold Amplification Technology.
  Zheng, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Research on the Relationship Between Schizophrenia and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 Gene Based on Nanogold Amplification Technology.
• Deficiency in MT5-MMP Supports Branching of Human iPSCs-Derived Neurons and Reduces Expression of GLAST/S100 in iPSCs-Derived Astrocytes.
  Arnst, Cells 2021
  • GeneRIF: Deficiency in MT5-MMP Supports Branching of Human iPSCs-Derived Neurons and Reduces Expression of GLAST/S100 in iPSCs-Derived Astrocytes.
• Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)1 and EAAT2 mRNA levels are altered in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.
  Parkin, Journal of psychiatric research 2020 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)1 and EAAT2 mRNA levels are altered in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.
• SLC1A3 C3590T but not BDNF G196A is a predisposition factor for stress as well as depression, in an adolescent eastern Indian population.
  Ghosh, BMC medical genetics 2020
  • GeneRIF: SLC1A3 C3590T is a predisposition factor for stress and depression in an eastern Indian population, whereas SLC1A3 G869C and BDNF G196A were not found to be a risk factor.
• More
• Structural bioinformatics studies of glutamate transporters and their AlphaFold2 predicted water-soluble QTY variants and uncovering the natural mutations of L->Q, I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I and Y->F.
  Karagöl, PloS one 2024
  • “...each protein. The UniProt accession numbers for the EAATs 14, VGLUTs 13, and YLAT2 are P43003, P43004, P43005, P48664, Q9P2U7, Q9P2U8, Q8NDX2, and Q92536, respectively. The sequences were available from UniProt [ 24 ]. The QTY code was applied to transmembrane alpha-helices of each protein sequence,...”
• Global, site-resolved analysis of ubiquitylation occupancy and turnover rate reveals systems properties.
  Prus, Cell 2024
  • “...P01889 (HLAB_HUMAN) Predicted structure of HLA-C Romera-Paredes etal. and Green etal. 84 , 85 UniProt: P43003 (EAA1_HUMAN) Predicted structure of BSG Romera-Paredes etal. and Green etal. 84 , 85 UniProt: Q54A51 (Q54A51_HUMAN) Experimental models: Cell lines HeLa ATCC CCL-2 HCT116 ATCC CCL-247 NIH-3T3 ATCC CRL-1658 Software...”
  • “..., 85 These included: SLC3A2 (P08195), SLC39A6 (Q13433), SLC6A8 (P48029), SLC7A5 (Q01650), SLC16A1 (P53985), SLC1A3 (P43003), CD44 (P16070), GPRC5A (Q8NFJ5), OSMR (Q99650), TGFBR1 (P36897), TFRC (P02786), EGFR (P00533), HLA-A (P04439), HLA-B (P01889), HLA-C (P43003), and BSG(Q54A51). The loosely folded regions of the AlphaFold-predicted structures were modified...”
• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...andEAA3 Name Isoform ID 1 Length 2 TM count 3 TM composition 4 EAA1 (SLC1A3) P43003 (Canonical EAA1) 542 8 Canonical E7EUV6 106 2 TM1, TM2 A0A7P0T9Z4 123 3 TM6, HP1, HP2 EAA2 (SLC1A1) P43004 (Canonical EAA2) 574 8 Canonical C9J9N5 409 7 TM1, TM2, TM3,...”
  • “...[ 35 ]. For each canonical EAAT, their UniProt accession numbers are in () EAAT1 (P43003), EAAT2 (P43004), EAAT3 (P43005), EAAT4 (P48664) and EAAT 5 (O00341). The corresponding protein coding isoforms were listed utilizing Ensembl genome browser (Ensemble release 112) which identifies potential isoforms via automatic...”
• Molecular Dynamic Simulations Reveal that Water-Soluble QTY-Variants of Glutamate Transporters EAA1, EAA2 and EAA3 Retain the Conformational Characteristics of Native Transporters.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...other Characteristics Protein sequences for EAA1, EAA2 and EAA3 were retrieved from UniProt (accession numbers P43003, P43004, P43005) ( https://www.uniprot.org ) [ 28 ]. Membrane topology features were plotted using Protter web application ( https://wlab.ethz.ch/protter/ ) [ 29 ]. Molecular weights, amino acid compositions, and isoelectric...”
• An engineered niche delineates metastatic potential of breast cancer.
  Orbach, Bioengineering & translational medicine 2024
  • “...to aggressiveness of breast cancer cells. 61 Slc1a3 (Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 3; UniProt P43003) and Soga1 (Suppressor of Glucose, Autophagy Associated 1; UniProt O94964) enhance tumor metabolism and are associated with poor prognosis. 62 , 63 Ndufs1 (NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit S1; UniProt P28331)...”
• A Homozygous PPP1R21 Splice Variant Associated with Severe Developmental Delay, Absence of Speech, and Muscle Weakness Leads to Activated Proteasome Function.
  Hentschel, Molecular neurobiology 2023
  • “...this multi-catalytical protein clearance machinery. Among all upregulated proteins, the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (P43003; ninefold increase), the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2-like (Q86X02; sevenfold increase), the neuronal calcium sensor 1 (P62166; fivefold increased), and sacsin (Q9NZJ4; 3.8-fold increase) are particularly interesting, as they are directly...”
• Mitochondria-derived vesicles and their potential roles in kidney stone disease.
  Chaiyarit, Journal of translational medicine 2023
  • “...(eIF4E-like protein 4E-LP) (mRNA cap-binding protein 4EHP) (h4EHP) (mRNA cap-binding protein type 3) 85 SLC1A3 P43003 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1) (GLAST-1) (Solute carrier family 1 member 3) 86 EXOC3 O60645 Exocyst complex component 3 (Exocyst complex component Sec6) 87 EXD2 Q9NVH0...”
• Defining the proteomic landscape of cultured macrophages and their polarization continuum.
  Oates, Immunology and cell biology 2023
  • “...UniProt ID Gene symbol Extended gene name Log 2 FC DexM1A/M1 Log 2 FC DexM1B/M1 P43003 SLC1A3 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 1.79 1.71 O60603 TLR2 Tolllike receptor 2 1.11 1.26 B5M450 SLC4A7 Anion exchange protein 0.64 0.97 Q8TED4 SLC37A2 Glucose6phosphate exchanger 1.08 0.36 P32418 SLC8A1...”
• More

Q8C3T7 Amino acid transporter from Mus musculus
67% identity, 97% coverage

• Proteomic Analysis of Dynein-Interacting Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Synaptosomes Reveals Alterations in the RNA-Binding Protein Staufen1.
  Gershoni-Emek, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2016

XP_425011 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 from Gallus gallus
66% identity, 96% coverage

• Glutamate induces glutathione efflux mediated by glutamate/aspartate transporter in retinal cell cultures.
  Garcia, Neurochemical research 2011 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Data suggest that glutamate induces glutamate/aspartate transporter-mediated release of GSH from retinal cell cultures and this could represent an important mechanism of cellular protection against glutamate toxicity in the CNS.

EAA1_AMBTI / O57321 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; SEAAT1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter; GLAST from Ambystoma tigrinum (Eastern tiger salamander) (see 2 papers)
66% identity, 96% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:17008380, PubMed:9425012). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:17008380). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer.

R0L916 Amino acid transporter (Fragment) from Anas platyrhynchos
66% identity, 96% coverage

• Comparative proteomic analysis of pituitary glands from Huoyan geese between pre-laying and laying periods using an iTRAQ-based approach.
  Luan, PloS one 2017
  • “...Protein Wnt R0L9A7 1.29 Downregulated proteins glutamate metabolic process (GO:0006536) Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 R0L916 0.79 glutamate receptor signalling pathway (GO:0007215) Putative glutamate receptor R0KB27 0.62 G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway (GO:0007186) Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(O) subunit alpha R0LTA0 0.81 Diacylglycerol kinase R0K8R4 DGKE 0.81...”
  • “...G(O) subunit alpha R0LTA0 0.81 Uncharacterized protein U3I675 ITPR3 0.80 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 R0L916 0.79 GnRH signalling pathway (ko04912) Uncharacterized protein U3I675 ITPR3 0.80 Uncharacterized protein U3J4U9 CAMK2A 0.62 MAPK signalling pathway (ko04010) Heat shock 70 kDa protein R0LC19 HSP70 0.82 Uncharacterized protein U3I603...”

NP_997805 solute carrier family 1 member 3a from Danio rerio
65% identity, 95% coverage

• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...from the NCBI database; Dmel Eaat1 (NP_723454), Cele glt-5 (NP_496094), Drer SLC1a3 (solute carrier 1a3; NP_997805), Mmus Eaat1 (NP_683740), Hsap Eaat1 (NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844), Dmel genderblind (NP_651536), Cele aat-1 (NP_501707), Drer SLC7a11-like (XP_001919426),...”

NP_001276870 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform 2 from Rattus norvegicus
59% identity, 97% coverage

• EphA4/ephrinA3 reverse signaling mediated downregulation of glutamate transporter GLAST in Müller cells in an experimental glaucoma model.
  Zhou, Glia 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: EphA4/ephrinA3 reverse signaling mediated downregulation of glutamate transporter GLAST in Muller cells in an experimental glaucoma model.
• Glutamate-aspartate transporter 1 attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury by promoting glutamate metabolism in primary cortical neurons.
  Zhao, Journal of cellular physiology 2022 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Glutamate-aspartate transporter 1 attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury by promoting glutamate metabolism in primary cortical neurons.
• Constitutive regulation of the glutamate/aspartate transporter EAAT1 by Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II.
  Chawla, Journal of neurochemistry 2017
  • GeneRIF: EAAT1 is regulated by CaMKII signaling and is a critical driver of constitutive glutamate uptake by EAAT1.
• IL-17 signalling in astrocytes promotes glutamate excitotoxicity: Indications for the link between inflammatory and neurodegenerative events in multiple sclerosis.
  Kostic, Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2017 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Results suggest that, via astrocytes, IL-17A could promote glutamate excitotoxicity in multiple terms: by decreasing the astrocyte ability to uptake extracellular glutamate, due to a reduced gene expression of glutamate transporters (GLAST and GLT-1); by decreasing intracellular glutamate conversion into non-toxic glutamine; by potentiating glutamate exocytosis in a Ca2+ dependent manner
• Activation of glial glutamate transporter via MAPK p38 prevents enhanced and long-lasting non-evoked resting pain after surgical incision in rats.
  Reichl, Neuropharmacology 2016 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Spinal glial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 have protective function by reducing and preventing selectively non-evoked pain behavior after incision. This is a result of increased GLAST expression regulated by the MAPK p38 after incision
• Sevoflurane Inhibits Glutamate-Aspartate Transporter and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in Hippocampal Astrocytes of Neonatal Rats Through the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) Pathway.
  Wang, Anesthesia and analgesia 2016 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Astrocyte expression of GLAST/GFAP was reduced via JAK1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway after exposure to sevoflurane.
• Alterations in mRNA and protein expression of glutamate transporters in rat hippocampus after paraoxon exposure.
  Mohammadi, Neurotoxicology 2016 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: This study showed an increased expression of glial (GLAST and GLT-1) after paraoxon exposure.
• Chronic postnatal stress induces voluntary alcohol intake and modifies glutamate transporters in adolescent rats.
  Odeon, Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Chronic postnatal stress led to increased Glast expression in hippocampus and frontal cortex.
• More

7awmA / P43003,Q15758 Structure of the thermostabilized eaat1 cryst mutant in complex with l-asp, three sodium ions and the allosteric inhibitor ucph101 (see paper)
61% identity, 88% coverage

• Ligands: aspartic acid; 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-4h-chromene-3-carbonitrile (7awmA)

EAA5_HUMAN / O00341 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5; Retinal glutamate transporter; Solute carrier family 1 member 7 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see paper)
TC 2.A.23.2.5 / O00341 solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7 from Homo sapiens (see 4 papers)
52% identity, 92% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D- aspartate. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:9108121). Acts primarily as an inhibitory glutamate-gated chloride channel being a major inhibitory presynaptic receptor at mammalian rod bipolar cell axon terminals. Glutamate binding gates a large Cl(-) conductance that mediates inhibition, affecting visual processing in the retina (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Interacts with the PDZ domains of DLG4.
• substrates: glutamate
• Decreased Expression of the EAAT5 Glutamate Transporter at Photoreceptor Synapses in Early, Pre-Clinical Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.
  El, Biomedicines 2024
  • “...was raised against a fusion protein corresponding to amino acid (aa) 100250 of human EAAT5 (O00341). The specificity of the antibody was verified by a fusion protein that we generated from recombinant synthetic DNA (see below). biomedicines-12-02545-t002_Table 2 Table 2 Secondary antibodies. Antibody Source Dilution Chicken...”
• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...numbers are in () EAAT1 (P43003), EAAT2 (P43004), EAAT3 (P43005), EAAT4 (P48664) and EAAT 5 (O00341). The corresponding protein coding isoforms were listed utilizing Ensembl genome browser (Ensemble release 112) which identifies potential isoforms via automatic gene-centric mapping from eukaryotic reference proteomes [ 36 ]. These...”
• Investigating the competition between ACE2 natural molecular interactors and SARS-CoV-2 candidate inhibitors.
  Milanetti, Chemico-biological interactions 2023
  • “...role in the renin-angiotensin system [ 28 ]. Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (UniProt code: O00341, gene: SLC1A7), a protein, expressed mainly in the retina, that recognizes with high-affinity l -glutamate (excitatory amino acid), allowing the conduction of chloride ions [ 29 ]. Transmembrane protease serine...”
  • “...for each residue of the ACE2 protein to binding its corresponding molecular partner (UniProt code: O00341); minimum distance between each residue of the ACE2 protein and any of the residue of its MP; and the AlphaFold reliability score for the residues found in contact. Blue shaded...”
• THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2017
  • “...UniProt SLC1A3 , P43003 SLC1A2 , P43004 SLC1A1 , P43005 SLC1A6 , P48664 SLC1A7 , O00341 Common abreviation EAAT1 EAAT2 EAAT3 EAAT4 EAAT5 Substrates DLthreo hydroxyaspartate ( K i 5.810 5 M) [ 488 ], Daspartic acid , Ltrans2,4pyrolidine dicarboxylate Daspartic acid , DLthreo hydroxyaspartate ,...”
• The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2015
  • “...UniProt SLC1A3 , P43003 SLC1A2 , P43004 SLC1A1 , P43005 SLC1A6 , P48664 SLC1A7 , O00341 Substrates DLthreo hydroxyaspartate ( K i 5.8 10 5 M) [ 444 ], Daspartic acid , Ltrans2 , 4pyrolidine dicarboxylate Daspartic acid , DLthreo hydroxyaspartate , Ltrans2 , 4pyrolidine dicarboxylate...”
• The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2013
  • “...EAAT2 EAAT3 EAAT4 EAAT5 HGNC, UniProt SLC1A3, P43003 SLC1A2, P43004 SLC1A1, P43005 SLC1A6, P48664 SLC1A7, O00341 Endogenous substrates L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine 94 L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid Substrates DL-threo--hydroxyaspartate, L-trans-2,4-pyrolidine dicarboxylate, D-aspartic acid...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259 AF018260 P43004 P43006 P31596 AF018257 AF018258 O10901 O25605 O21353 O21751 Z99277 O22682...”

NP_001158121 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Sus scrofa
54% identity, 85% coverage

• L-Glutamate Enhances Barrier and Antioxidative Functions in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells.
  Jiao, The Journal of nutrition 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Data suggest that expression of SLC1A1 in intestinal epithelial cells can be regulated by dietary components; expression of SLC1A1 is up-regulated by L-glutamate, an abundant dietary amino acid and dietary supplement.
• Molecular cloning and expression profiling of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 in suckling Huanjiang mini-piglets with large or small body weight at birth.
  Fu, Molecular biology reports 2013 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: These findings indicate that the expression of the EAAC1 in jejunum is much depending on the stage of piglet development and that low BW at birth is associated with lower expression of this carrier in the early suckling period.
• Expression of apical membrane L-glutamate transporters in neonatal porcine epithelial cells along the small intestinal crypt-villus axis.
  Fan, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 2004 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Glutamate uptake across apical membrane is regulated by changing expression of EAAC-1 at transcription and translation levels as well as maximal uptake activity and transporter affinity along the intestinal crypt-villus axis in the neonate.

XP_002934228 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Xenopus tropicalis
54% identity, 86% coverage

• Aminophylline and Ephedrine, but Not Flumazenil, Inhibit the Activity of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes and Reverse the Increased Activity by Propofol.
  Moon, BioMed research international 2018
  • GeneRIF: The enhanced EAAT3 activities induced by propofol were significantly abolished by aminophylline or ephedrine. Aminophylline and ephedrine inhibit EAAT3 activity via PKC and PI3K pathways and abolish the increased EAAT3 activity by propofol. Our results indicate a novel site of action for aminophylline and ephedrine.

EAA3_RABIT / P31597 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1 from Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) (see paper)
NP_001075718 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Oryctolagus cuniculus
54% identity, 85% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:1280334). Can also transport L-cysteine (By similarity). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:1280334). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport. Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspartate reabsorption in renal tubuli (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity). Contributes to glutathione biosynthesis and protection against oxidative stress via its role in L-glutamate and L-cysteine transport (By similarity). Negatively regulated by ARL6IP5 (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:82559)
  subunit: Homotrimer (Probable). Interacts with ARL6IP5. Interacts with RTN2 (via N-terminus); the interaction promotes cell surface expression of SLC1A1. Interacts with SORCS2; this interaction is important for normal expression at the cell membrane (By similarity).
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...P51912 P43007 O35874 AF003006 P51906 P51907 O95135 P31597 P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259 AF018260 P43004...”
• Rabbit SLC15A1, SLC7A1 and SLC1A1 genes are affected by site of digestion, stage of development and dietary protein content.
  Liu, Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience 2019 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Real time-PCR results indicated that SLC15A1, SLC7A1 and SLC1A1 genes throughout the rabbits' entire development and were expressed in all tested rabbit digestive sites, including the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum.
• Glutamate release from platelets: exocytosis versus glutamate transporter reversal.
  Kasatkina, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2013 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: This study is focused on the assessment of non-exocytotic glutamate release, that is, the unstimulated release, heteroexchange and glutamate transporter reversal in platelets.

NP_001102443 excitatory amino acid transporter 5 from Rattus norvegicus
52% identity, 90% coverage

• Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 is widely expressed in peripheral tissues.
  Lee, European journal of histochemistry : EJH 2013
  • GeneRIF: EAAT5 is a widely distributed protein. Whether it functions in all locations as a glutamate transporter, or mainly as a glutamate-gated chloride conductance, remains to be determined.
• Alternate splicing and expression of the glutamate transporter EAAT5 in the rat retina.
  Lee, Gene 2012 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: EAAT5 exists in multiple spliced forms in the rat retina

EAA5_MOUSE / Q8JZR4 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5; Solute carrier family 1 member 7 from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see 2 papers)
NP_666367 excitatory amino acid transporter 5 from Mus musculus
53% identity, 92% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D- aspartate. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (By similarity). Acts primarily as an inhibitory glutamate-gated chloride channel being a major inhibitory presynaptic receptor at mammalian rod bipolar cell axon terminals. Glutamate binding gates a large Cl(-) conductance that mediates inhibition, affecting visual processing in the retina (PubMed:16973698, PubMed:32233906).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Interacts with the PDZ domains of DLG4.
• Functional properties of the retinal glutamate transporters GLT-1c and EAAT5.
  Schneider, The Journal of biological chemistry 2014
  • GeneRIF: Unitary current amplitudes of EAAT5 anion channels turned out to be approximately twice as high as single-channel amplitudes of GLT-1c.
• Glutamate transporters EAAT4 and EAAT5 are expressed in vestibular hair cells and calyx endings.
  Dalet, PloS one 2012
  • GeneRIF: Glutamate transporters EAAT4 and EAAT5 are expressed in vestibular hair cells and calyx endings.
• The glutamate transporter EAAT5 works as a presynaptic receptor in mouse rod bipolar cells.
  Wersinger, The Journal of physiology 2006
  • GeneRIF: These results indicate that EAAT5 acts as a major inhibitory presynaptic receptor at mammalian rod bipolar cell axon terminals.
• Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter EAAT5 Improves Temporal Resolution in the Retina.
  Gehlen, eNeuro
  • GeneRIF: Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter EAAT5 Improves Temporal Resolution in the Retina.
• Glutamate Transporters EAAT2 and EAAT5 Differentially Shape Synaptic Transmission from Rod Bipolar Cell Terminals.
  Tang, eNeuro
  • GeneRIF: Glutamate Transporters EAAT2 and EAAT5 Differentially Shape Synaptic Transmission from Rod Bipolar Cell Terminals.

EAA3_RAT / P51907 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1 from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see 4 papers)
NP_037164 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Rattus norvegicus
55% identity, 85% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:11242046, PubMed:9011753). Can also transport L-cysteine. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport. Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspartate reabsorption in renal tubuli (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity). Contributes to glutathione biosynthesis and protection against oxidative stress via its role in L-glutamate and L-cysteine transport (By similarity). Negatively regulated by ARL6IP5 (PubMed:11242046).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:82559)
  subunit: Homotrimer (Probable). Interacts with ARL6IP5/PRAF3 (PubMed:11242046). Interacts with RTN2 (via N-terminus); the interaction promotes cell surface expression of SLC1A1 (PubMed:19720795). Interacts with SORCS2; this interaction is important for normal expression at the cell membrane (By similarity).
• Pre-Steady-State Kinetics and Reverse Transport in Rat Glutamate Transporter EAAC1 with an Immobilized Transport Domain.
  Wang, Neurochemical research 2022
  • GeneRIF: Pre-Steady-State Kinetics and Reverse Transport in Rat Glutamate Transporter EAAC1 with an Immobilized Transport Domain.
• NCX1 and EAAC1 transporters are involved in the protective action of glutamate in an in vitro Alzheimer's disease-like model.
  Magi, Cell calcium 2020 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: NCX1 and EAAC1 transporters are involved in the protective action of glutamate in an in vitro Alzheimer's disease-like model.
• Exercise-Mediated Increase in Nigral Tyrosine Hydroxylase Is Accompanied by Increased Nigral GFR-α1 and EAAC1 Expression in Aging Rats.
  Arnold, ACS chemical neuroscience 2016
  • GeneRIF: Exercise-Mediated Increase in Nigral EAAC1 in aging rats.
• Numb directs the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding the YxNxxF motif.
  Su, Journal of cell science 2016 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Numb is a pivotal adaptor protein that mediates the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding the YxNxxF (where x stands for any amino acid) motif.
• MicroRNA 101b Is Downregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Genetic Model of Depression and Targets the Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 (EAAT3) in Vitro.
  Wei, The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 2016
  • GeneRIF: miR-101b targets the neuronal glutamate transporter SLC1A1. Both mRNA and protein levels of SLC1A1 were found to be upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of rats genetically predisposed to develop major depressive disorder.
• Chronic exposure to morphine decreases the expression of EAAT3 via opioid receptors in hippocampal neurons.
  Guo, Brain research 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: results suggest that the down-regulation of morphine-dependent EAAT3 expression in primary hippocampal cultures may be mediated by micro opioid receptor and delta opioid receptor and that kappa opioid receptor may not contribute significantly to this effect
• Chronic postnatal stress induces voluntary alcohol intake and modifies glutamate transporters in adolescent rats.
  Odeon, Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Chronic postnatal stress led to decreased Eaat3 expression in hippocampus and frontal cortex.
• Neuregulin 1 Controls Glutamate Uptake by Up-regulating Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1).
  Yu, The Journal of biological chemistry 2015
  • GeneRIF: data indicate that NRG1 induced the up-regulation of EAAC1 in primary cortical neurons with an increase in glutamate uptake
• More
• Changes in the urinary proteome of rats after short-term intake of magnesium L-threonate(MgT).
  Shen, Frontiers in nutrition 2023
  • “...Slco1a1 0 0.037505 ( 24 , 25 ) P50398 Gdi1 0 0.000713 ( 37 ) P51907 Slc1a1 0 0.025198 ( 24 , 25 ) P53790 Slc5a1 0 0.023289 ( 24 , 25 ) P54313 Gnb2 0 7.43E-06 P63095 Gnas 0 5.84E-06 P63322 Rala 0 0.002839 Q04970...”
• Identification of protein targets for the antidepressant effects of Kai-Xin-San in Chinese medicine using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation.
  Dong, Neural regeneration research 2020
  • “...Q6IMF3, Q5U2Y6, P84087, D3ZDE4, Q6IG04, D3ZS28, E9PU01, Q64598, F1LNE8, Q6IG02, Q05140, G3V9B3, Q09426, D3ZAW2, Q3KRE8, P51907, Q6P6Q2, P10688, Q6IRG7, D3ZY19, Q924S1, F1LX47, Q5BK56, D4AA63, Q5FVF3, Q3SWT4, F1LN57, Q6IFU7, D3ZK01, G3V8E8, Q6PDW6, D3ZK70, Q5U2Q7, D4AAZ9, D3ZBE6, Q5FVQ2, F1LPT0, Q5I034, Q5I0K3, G3V7C4, B2RZ66, P68255, G3V6X7, D4AE02, D3ZA45, F1M1L9...”
• From Molecules to Mechanisms: Functional Proteomics and Its Application to Renal Tubule Physiology.
  Rinschen, Physiological reviews 2018
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...425 O19105 O15758 P51912 P43007 O35874 AF003006 P51906 P51907 O95135 P31597 P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259...”

LOC108874878 excitatory amino acid transporter 5 from Lates calcarifer
50% identity, 90% coverage

• Scale Drop Disease Virus (SDDV) and Lates calcarifer Herpes Virus (LCHV) Coinfection Downregulate Immune-Relevant Pathways and Cause Splenic and Kidney Necrosis in Barramundi Under Commercial Farming Conditions
  Domingos, Frontiers in genetics 2021
  • “...LOC108897018 7.74 3.82E-20 Up Interleukin-1 receptor type 2-like LOC108893249 7.20 0.00550 Up Cytokine-like protein 1 LOC108874878 7.17 6.74E-09 Up Solute carrier family 1 member 8b LOC108885470 6.95 3.63E-07 Up Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 homolog LOC108879612 6.74 1.95E-05 Up Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1a...”

EAA3_MOUSE / P51906 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1 from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see 6 papers)
NP_033225 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Mus musculus
54% identity, 85% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:12119102, PubMed:18684713). Can also transport L-cysteine (PubMed:30840898). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspartate reabsorption in renal tubuli (PubMed:9233792). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (PubMed:9233792). Contributes to glutathione biosynthesis and protection against oxidative stress via its role in L-glutamate and L- cysteine transport (PubMed:30840898). Negatively regulated by ARL6IP5 (PubMed:12119102).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:82559)
  subunit: Homotrimer (Probable). Interacts with ARL6IP5 (PubMed:12119102, PubMed:18684713). Interacts with RTN2 (via N- terminus); the interaction promotes cell surface expression of SLC1A1 (By similarity). Interacts with SORCS2; this interaction is important for normal expression at the cell membrane (PubMed:30840898).
  disruption phenotype: No visible phenotype at birth. Mice are born at the expected Mendelian rate, are viable and fertile, and do not develop any neurological symptoms with increasing age. They show decreased spontaneous locomotor activity. Besides, urinary excretion of glutamate and aspartate are strongly increased, but glutamate and aspartate serum levels are normal.
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...412 425 O19105 O15758 P51912 P43007 O35874 AF003006 P51906 P51907 O95135 P31597 P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341 AF018259...”
• EAAT3 impedes oligodendrocyte remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter injury.
  Zhang, CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 2024
  • GeneRIF: EAAT3 impedes oligodendrocyte remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter injury.
• HIF-1α drives resistance to ferroptosis in solid tumors by promoting lactate production and activating SLC1A1.
  Yang, Cell reports 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: HIF-1alpha drives resistance to ferroptosis in solid tumors by promoting lactate production and activating SLC1A1.
• Developmental impact of glutamate transporter overexpression on dopaminergic neuron activity and stereotypic behavior.
  Chohan, Molecular psychiatry 2022
  • GeneRIF: Developmental impact of glutamate transporter overexpression on dopaminergic neuron activity and stereotypic behavior.
• SLC1A1-mediated cellular and mitochondrial influx of R-2-hydroxyglutarate in vascular endothelial cells promotes tumor angiogenesis in IDH1-mutant solid tumors.
  Wang, Cell research 2022
  • GeneRIF: SLC1A1-mediated cellular and mitochondrial influx of R-2-hydroxyglutarate in vascular endothelial cells promotes tumor angiogenesis in IDH1-mutant solid tumors.
• Dysregulated Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 Propels Cystine Uptake via Xc- for Glutathione Synthesis in Lung Cancer.
  Guo, Cancer research 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Dysregulated Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 Propels Cystine Uptake via Xc(-) for Glutathione Synthesis in Lung Cancer.
• The role of diurnal fluctuations in excitatory amino acid carrier 1 levels in post-ischemic hippocampal Zn2+ accumulation.
  Aratake, Experimental neurology 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The role of diurnal fluctuations in excitatory amino acid carrier 1 levels in post-ischemic hippocampal Zn(2+) accumulation.
• Regulation of NRG-1-ErbB4 signaling and neuroprotection by exogenous neuregulin-1 in a mouse model of epilepsy.
  Peterson, Neurobiology of disease 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Regulation of NRG-1-ErbB4 signaling and neuroprotection by exogenous neuregulin-1 in a mouse model of epilepsy.
• Neuregulin-1 inhibits CoCl2-induced upregulation of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 expression and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and the hippocampus of mice.
  Kim, Molecular brain 2020
  • GeneRIF: Neuregulin-1 inhibits CoCl2-induced upregulation of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 expression and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and the hippocampus of mice.
• More

NP_001003139 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Canis lupus familiaris
55% identity, 86% coverage

• Numb directs the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding the YxNxxF motif.
  Su, Journal of cell science 2016 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Numb is a pivotal adaptor protein that mediates the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding the YxNxxF (where x stands for any amino acid) motif.
• PKC induces internalization and retention of the EAAC1 glutamate transporter in recycling endosomes of MDCK cells.
  Padovano, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2009 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: PKC activity regulates EAAC1 surface density in MDCK cells by inducing its internalization and retention in PKCalpha-labeled recycling endosomes common to apical and basolateral proteins.

LOC106600499 excitatory amino acid transporter 5-like from Salmo salar
50% identity, 87% coverage

• Elevated CO₂ impairs olfactory-mediated neural and behavioral responses and gene expression in ocean-phase coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
  Williams, Global change biology 2019
  • “...slc4a1ap 0.254 0.070027446 106572936 LOC106572936 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S-like cacna1s 1.622 0.073257288 106600499 LOC106600499 excitatory amino acid transporter 5-like slc1a7 3.387 0.075511344 106564801 LOC106564801 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1-like kcnh1 1.124 0.076952544 106586510 asmt acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase asmt 4.053 0.078732281 106573300 LOC106573300 guanylyl...”

EAA3_HUMAN / P43005 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; Neuronal and epithelial glutamate transporter; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 member 1 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 9 papers)
TC 2.A.23.2.3 / P43005 Glutamate/aspartate/cysteine:Na+ symporter, EAAC1; EAAT3, SLC1A1 (Li+ can replace Na+; EAAC1 also mediates glutamate-independent anion conductance.) Cotransports glutamic acid with three Na+ followed by countertransport of K+(Teichman et al., 2009). The 50 residue 4B-4C loop (following TMS4) binds Na+ (Koch et al., 2007). (The dicarboxylic aminoaciduria protein in humans; NP_004161; Bröer, 2008a; 2008b). Neutralizing aspartate 83 modifies substrate translocation from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 6 papers)
NP_004161 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Homo sapiens
54% identity, 85% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:21123949, PubMed:26690923, PubMed:33658209, PubMed:7521911, PubMed:7914198, PubMed:8857541). Can also transport L-cysteine (PubMed:21123949). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:26690923, PubMed:33658209, PubMed:7521911, PubMed:8857541). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:26690923, PubMed:8857541). Plays an important role in L- glutamate and L-aspartate reabsorption in renal tubuli (PubMed:21123949). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity). Contributes to glutathione biosynthesis and protection against oxidative stress via its role in L-glutamate and L-cysteine transport (By similarity). Negatively regulated by ARL6IP5 (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:82559)
  subunit: Homotrimer (PubMed:33658209). Interacts with ARL6IP5. Interacts with RTN2 (via N-terminus); the interaction promotes cell surface expression of SLC1A1. Interacts with SORCS2; this interaction is important for normal expression at the cell membrane (By similarity).
• substrates: Cysteine, K+, Li+, Na+, aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: An SLC1A1 deletion segregates with schizophrenia and bipolar schizoaffective disorder in a 5-generation family (Myles-Worsley et al. 2013). Thr101 in TMS3 is essential for Na+ binding (Tao et al. 2010). Klotho, a 1012 aa protein with N- and C-terminal TMSs, is a regulator of the excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4 (Almilaji et al. 2013). The 3 Na+ binding sites in SLC1A porters have been identified, and both reentrant loops determine cation selectivity (Silverstein et al. 2018)
• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...4 TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5 A0A2R8Y4N0 330 5 TM5, TM6, HP1, TM7, HP2 EAA3 (SLC1A2) P43005 (Canonical EAA3) 524 8 Canonical H0Y7R2 242 2 TM5, TM6 1 The Uniprot entry ID of the isoform (only included isoforms that have length between 15 and 85% of the...”
  • “...each canonical EAAT, their UniProt accession numbers are in () EAAT1 (P43003), EAAT2 (P43004), EAAT3 (P43005), EAAT4 (P48664) and EAAT 5 (O00341). The corresponding protein coding isoforms were listed utilizing Ensembl genome browser (Ensemble release 112) which identifies potential isoforms via automatic gene-centric mapping from eukaryotic...”
• Molecular Dynamic Simulations Reveal that Water-Soluble QTY-Variants of Glutamate Transporters EAA1, EAA2 and EAA3 Retain the Conformational Characteristics of Native Transporters.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...Protein sequences for EAA1, EAA2 and EAA3 were retrieved from UniProt (accession numbers P43003, P43004, P43005) ( https://www.uniprot.org ) [ 28 ]. Membrane topology features were plotted using Protter web application ( https://wlab.ethz.ch/protter/ ) [ 29 ]. Molecular weights, amino acid compositions, and isoelectric points of...”
• Structural bioinformatics studies of glutamate transporters and their AlphaFold2 predicted water-soluble QTY variants and uncovering the natural mutations of L->Q, I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I and Y->F.
  Karagöl, PloS one 2024
  • “...The UniProt accession numbers for the EAATs 14, VGLUTs 13, and YLAT2 are P43003, P43004, P43005, P48664, Q9P2U7, Q9P2U8, Q8NDX2, and Q92536, respectively. The sequences were available from UniProt [ 24 ]. The QTY code was applied to transmembrane alpha-helices of each protein sequence, using the...”
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Interactome Profile Analysis: A Perspective From Molecular Mechanism
  Zamanian-Azodi, Basic and clinical neuroscience 2021
  • “...al., 2011 ) Estrogen receptor 1 P01375 TNFA ( Taylor, 2013 ) Tumor necrosis factor P43005 SLC1A1 ( Stewart et al., 2013 ) Solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high-affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Q13516 OLIG2 ( Taylor, 2013 ) Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 Q13224...”
• Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Decipher the Mechanism of Action of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in Treating Atherosclerosis.
  Liang, Drug design, development and therapy 2021
  • “...1 HSP90AA1 P07900 Epoxide hydrolase 1 EPHX1 P07099 Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 1 SLC1A1 P43005 Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 Beta PTK2B Q14289 Neuropeptide Y receptor Y5 NPY5R Q15761 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 S1PR2 O95136 Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 2 LPAR2 P13569 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 3 S1PR3 Q99500 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate...”
• Deciphering osteoarthritis genetics across 826,690 individuals from 9 populations.
  Boer, Cell 2021
  • “...1-phosphate-induced cell proliferation, survival, and transcriptional activation multiple sclerosis SLC1A1 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 P43005 Pregabalin a DB00230 small molecule approved, investigational agonist structurally similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)an inhibitory neurotransmitter neuropathic pain, and in chronic pain in arthritis SLC6A1 b sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA...”
• THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2017
  • “...SLC1A3 SLC1A2 SLC1A1 SLC1A6 SLC1A7 HGNC, UniProt SLC1A3 , P43003 SLC1A2 , P43004 SLC1A1 , P43005 SLC1A6 , P48664 SLC1A7 , O00341 Common abreviation EAAT1 EAAT2 EAAT3 EAAT4 EAAT5 Substrates DLthreo hydroxyaspartate ( K i 5.810 5 M) [ 488 ], Daspartic acid , Ltrans2,4pyrolidine dicarboxylate...”
• The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2015
  • “...EAAT1 EAAT2 EAAT3 EAAT4 EAAT5 HGNC, UniProt SLC1A3 , P43003 SLC1A2 , P43004 SLC1A1 , P43005 SLC1A6 , P48664 SLC1A7 , O00341 Substrates DLthreo hydroxyaspartate ( K i 5.8 10 5 M) [ 444 ], Daspartic acid , Ltrans2 , 4pyrolidine dicarboxylate Daspartic acid , DLthreo...”
• More
• Epstein-Barr virus infection controls the concentration of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione by upregulation of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in tumor cells.
  Krishna, Virus genes 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Epstein-Barr virus infection controls the concentration of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione by upregulation of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in tumor cells.
• [The neuroprotective role of EAAC1 in hippocampal injury following ischemia-reperfusion].
  Higashi, Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: [The neuroprotective role of EAAC1 in hippocampal injury following ischemia-reperfusion].
• Cryo-EM structures of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 visualize coupled substrate, sodium, and proton binding and transport.
  Qiu, Science advances 2021
  • GeneRIF: Cryo-EM structures of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 visualize coupled substrate, sodium, and proton binding and transport.
• SLC1A1 mediated glutamine addiction and contributed to natural killer T-cell lymphoma progression with immunotherapeutic potential.
  Xiong, EBioMedicine 2021
  • GeneRIF: SLC1A1 mediated glutamine addiction and contributed to natural killer T-cell lymphoma progression with immunotherapeutic potential.
• Association of SLC1A1 gene polymorphism with obsessive compulsive disorder in a sample from southern India.
  Shukla, Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 2020 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Association of SLC1A1 gene polymorphism with obsessive compulsive disorder in a sample from southern India.
• SLC1A1, SLC16A9, and CNTN3 Are Potential Biomarkers for the Occurrence of Colorectal Cancer.
  Zhou, BioMed research international 2020
  • GeneRIF: SLC1A1, SLC16A9, and CNTN3 Are Potential Biomarkers for the Occurrence of Colorectal Cancer.
• NCX1 and EAAC1 transporters are involved in the protective action of glutamate in an in vitro Alzheimer's disease-like model.
  Magi, Cell calcium 2020 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: NCX1 and EAAC1 transporters are involved in the protective action of glutamate in an in vitro Alzheimer's disease-like model.
• Gateways for Glutamate Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease (PD): Essential Role of EAAT3 and NCX1 Revealed in an In Vitro Model of PD.
  Piccirillo, Cells 2020
  • GeneRIF: Gateways for Glutamate Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease (PD): Essential Role of EAAT3 and NCX1 Revealed in an In Vitro Model of PD.
• More

NP_001003138 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 from Canis lupus familiaris
51% identity, 85% coverage

• Neuronal loss and decreased GLT-1 expression observed in the spinal cord of Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs with canine degenerative myelopathy.
  Ogawa, Veterinary pathology 2014 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Excitotoxicity related to the reduced expression of GLT-1, but not GLAST, may be involved in neuron loss in canine degenerative myelopathy.
• Association analysis between canine behavioural traits and genetic polymorphisms in the Shiba Inu breed.
  Takeuchi, Animal genetics 2009 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The c.471T>C polymorphism in the solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high-affinity glutamate transporter) member 2 (SLC1A2) gene is associated with some types of aggressive behaviour in the Shiba Inu.
• Increased internalisation and degradation of GLT-1 glial glutamate transporter in a cell model for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  Vanoni, Journal of cell science 2004 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: the continuous expression of mutant SOD1 causes the downregulation of GLT-1 by increasing the internalisation and degradation of the surface transporter, and the cytosolic tail of GLT-1 is required to targets the transporter to degradation

NP_956273 excitatory amino acid transporter 2b from Danio rerio
51% identity, 86% coverage

• Loss of glutamate transporter eaat2a leads to aberrant neuronal excitability, recurrent epileptic seizures, and basal hypoactivity.
  Hotz, Glia 2022
  • GeneRIF: Loss of glutamate transporter eaat2a leads to aberrant neuronal excitability, recurrent epileptic seizures, and basal hypoactivity.
• Disruption of Eaat2b, a glutamate transporter, results in abnormal motor behaviors in developing zebrafish.
  McKeown, Developmental biology 2012
  • GeneRIF: Disruption of Eaat2b, a glutamate transporter, results in abnormal motor behaviors in developing zebrafish.
• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...(solute carrier 1a3; NP_997805), Mmus Eaat1 (NP_683740), Hsap Eaat1 (NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844), Dmel genderblind (NP_651536), Cele aat-1 (NP_501707), Drer SLC7a11-like (XP_001919426), Mmus xCT (NP_036120), Hsap xCT (NP_055146), Dmel l(2)01810 (NP_620115), Dmel VGLUT (NP_608681),...”
• Shaping of Signal Transmission at the Photoreceptor Synapse by EAAT2 Glutamate Transporters.
  Niklaus, eNeuro
  • GeneRIF: This work demonstrates Shaping of Signal Transmission at the Photoreceptor Synapse by EAAT2 Glutamate Transporters.

Bm1_42930 Uncharacterized protein from Brugia malayi
49% identity, 86% coverage

• A Proteomic Analysis of the Body Wall, Digestive Tract, and Reproductive Tract of Brugia malayi
  Morris, PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2015
  • “...and named digestive tract proteins, 3 are proteolytic enzymes (Bm1_00205, Bm1_18805, Bm1_34740), 2 are transporters (Bm1_42930, and Bm1_24840), and 1 is associated with phagocytosis (Bm1_02265). The abundance of such proteins suggests the digestive tract may be involved in both digestion and active absorption of nutrients. Of...”
  • “...acid phosphatase family protein 6.1E-04 6.32 Cytoskeleton Bm1_30265 Tubulin alpha chain, putative 5.9E-04 2.95 Transporter Bm1_42930 Excitatory amino acid transporter, putative 5.7E-04 2.75 Lipid Metabolism Bm1_08150 NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial precursor, putative 5.5E-04 7.10 Catabolism Bm1_48185 putative amidase 5.1E-04 3.74 Transporter Bm1_24840 Major Facilitator Superfamily protein...”

NP_058911 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform a from Rattus norvegicus
50% identity, 84% coverage

• HSP90β regulates EAAT2 expression and participates in ischemia‑reperfusion injury in rats.
  Liang, Molecular medicine reports 2024
  • GeneRIF: HSP90beta regulates EAAT2 expression and participates in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
• Inhibition of mGluR5 alters BDNF/TrkB and GLT-1 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and ameliorates PTSD-like behavior in rats.
  Cheng, Psychopharmacology 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Inhibition of mGluR5 alters BDNF/TrkB and GLT-1 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and ameliorates PTSD-like behavior in rats.
• Bone marrow stromal cells-derived exosomes reduce neurological damage in traumatic brain injury through the miR-124-3p/p38 MAPK/GLT-1 axis.
  Zhuang, Experimental neurology 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Bone marrow stromal cells-derived exosomes reduce neurological damage in traumatic brain injury through the miR-124-3p/p38 MAPK/GLT-1 axis.
• Induction of Parkinsonian-Like Changes via Targeted Downregulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in the Striatum.
  Ren, Journal of Parkinson's disease 2022 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Induction of Parkinsonian-Like Changes via Targeted Downregulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in the Striatum.
• LncRNA BIRF Promotes Brain Ischemic Tolerance Induced By Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning Through Upregulating GLT-1 via Sponging miR-330-5p.
  Li, Molecular neurobiology 2022
  • GeneRIF: LncRNA BIRF Promotes Brain Ischemic Tolerance Induced By Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning Through Upregulating GLT-1 via Sponging miR-330-5p.
• The role of glutamate transporter-1 in firing activity of locus coeruleus neurons and nociception in rats.
  Nozad, Experimental brain research 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The role of glutamate transporter-1 in firing activity of locus coeruleus neurons and nociception in rats.
• Rapid recycling of glutamate transporters on the astroglial surface.
  Michaluk, eLife 2021
  • GeneRIF: Rapid recycling of glutamate transporters on the astroglial surface.
• Downregulation of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the lateral habenula is associated with depressive-like behaviors in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
  Lyu, Neuropharmacology 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Downregulation of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the lateral habenula is associated with depressive-like behaviors in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
• More

EAA2_RAT / P31596 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; GLT-1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; GLUT-R; Solute carrier family 1 member 2 from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see 3 papers)
TC 2.A.23.2.2 / P31596 Glutamate/aspartate:Na+ symporter, GLT1; GLUT-R; EAAT2. Interacts directly with the Na+, K+-ATPase (TC #3.A.3.1) (Rose et al., 2009). Cotransports glutamic acid with three Na+ followed by countertransport of K+ (Teichman et al., 2009). The C-terminal 74aa domain regulates transport activity (Leinenweber et al., 2011). Hippocampal glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) levels parallel memory training (Heo et al., 2011). GLT-1 is regulated by MAGI-1 from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see 5 papers)
50% identity, 84% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:1448170, PubMed:7913472). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:1448170). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Essential for the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, and for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  subunit: Homotrimer (By similarity). Interacts with AJUBA (PubMed:11860269).
• substrates: K+, Na+, aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: Venom from the spider Parawixia bistriata and a purified compound (Parawixin1) stimulate EAAT2 activity and protect retinal tissue from ischemic damage (Mortensen et al. 2015). Determinants of this stimulation are at the interface of the trimerization and substrate transport domains ((Mortensen et al. 2015). TMS4 of GLT-1 undergoes a complex conformational shift during substrate translocation (Rong et al. 2016). Both reentrant loops determine the cation specificity (Silverstein et al. 2018). A tight spatial and functional relationship between the DAT/GLT-1 transporters and the Kv7.2/7.3 potassium channel immediately readjusts the membrane potential of the neuron, probably to limit the neurotransmitter-mediated neuronal depolarization (Bartolomé-Martín et al. 2019Bartolomé-Martín et al. 2019Bartolomé-Martín et al. 2019)
• Lead-Induced Motor Dysfunction Is Associated with Oxidative Stress, Proteome Modulation, and Neurodegeneration in Motor Cortex of Rats
  Leão, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2021
  • “...that affects the up-regulation of proteins as Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (P24942) and 2 (P31596), besides the synaptic communication as shown by the up-regulation of Syntaxin 1B (P61265) and Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (P61765), Synasin 1 (P09951), and 2 (Q63537). In addition to that, the preservation...”
• Protein profiling identified mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic abnormalities after dexamethasone intervention in rats with traumatic brain injury
  Niu, Neural regeneration research 2021
  • “...Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 Atp1a2 2.884032 0.017413 Q7TT49 Serine/threonine-protein kinase MRCK beta Cdc42bpb 2.070141 0.018356 P31596 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 Slc1a2 1.584893 0.018601 Q6UPE1 Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial Etfdh 0.809096 0.018601 P19492 Glutamate receptor 3 Gria3 3.404082 0.020192 P48004 Proteasome subunit alpha type-7 Psma7...”
• Membrane Protein Identification in Rodent Brain Tissue Samples and Acute Brain Slices
  Joost, Cells 2019
  • “...1 12 4 4 4 P24942 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 10 14 8 7 P31596 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 11 12 9 7 O35921 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 8 7 7 6 Ion Channels Q9Z2L0 Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 0 9 12...”
• Identification and characterization of the BRI2 interactome in the brain
  Martins, Scientific reports 2018
  • “...O35179 Sh3gl2 Endophilin-A1 CC, CB P24942 Slc1a3 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 CC, HP, CB P31596 Slc1a2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 CC, HP, CB O35921 Slc1a6 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 CB O88871 Gabbr2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 CC P47819 Gfap Glial...”
• Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Adaptations in the Hippocampal Synaptic Active Zone of Chronic Mild Stress-Unsusceptible Rats.
  Zhou, The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 2015
  • “...isoform CRA_a Atp6v1e1 20 17 1.55 Transporter D4A133 Protein Atp6v1a Atp6v1a 41 39 1.22 Transporter P31596 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 Slc1a2 12 15 0.72 Transporter Q6P6T0 Sideroflexin 3 Sfxn3 4 7 0.60 Transporter P07340 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 Atp1b1 10 11 0.56 Transporter P15999 ATP...”
• Detection of structural and metabolic changes in traumatically injured hippocampus by quantitative differential proteomics.
  Wu, Journal of neurotrauma 2013
• Use of biotinylated ubiquitin for analysis of rat brain mitochondrial proteome and interactome.
  Buneeva, International journal of molecular sciences 2012
  • “...Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 P24942 6 34.57 PM 2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 P31596 2 26.35 PM 3 Glial high affinity glutamate transporter isoform a G3V6R2 2 25.7 PM 4 sodium-dependent high affinity glutamate transporter GLT-1A G3V6R0 2 26.0 PM Ubiquitin and related proteins...”
  • “...Cpn 3 8 46.16 G K LYSLGKGRWMLSLAKK/ K370 / 12 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 P31596 Slc1a2 2 2 26.35 MASTEGANNMP K QVEVRMHDSHLSSEEPKHRNLGMR/ K12 / * Positions of identified ubiquitinated residues are shown in bold italics and underlined. Abbreviations used for Figure 2 . Atp5f1 =...”
• Co-compartmentalization of the astroglial glutamate transporter, GLT-1, with glycolytic enzymes and mitochondria.
  Genda, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011
  • “...and Receptors Accession Number Molecular weight (Da) #1 #2 #3 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 P31596 62,090 13 16 16 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 P06685 113,040 3 4 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 P06687 111,676 9 9 10 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 P07340 35,186 3 3 Translation,...”
• More

EAA2_MOUSE / P43006 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; GLT-1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2 from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see 6 papers)
Q3UYK6 Amino acid transporter from Mus musculus
50% identity, 84% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:7557442, PubMed:7698742, PubMed:9373176). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Essential for the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, and for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (PubMed:9180080).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer (By similarity). Interacts with AJUBA (By similarity).
  disruption phenotype: No visible phenotype at birth (PubMed:16880397, PubMed:9180080). Mice are born at the expected Mendelian rate, but gain weight more slowly, especially after the first 30 days after birth (PubMed:9180080). Only half of them are still alive 60 days after birth (PubMed:9180080). Death is due to spontaneous epileptic seizures (PubMed:9180080). Besides, mutant mice display neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus CA1 field, probably due to impaired glutamate removal from the synaptic cleft (PubMed:9180080). Glutamate uptake by synaptosomes from mutant mouse brain cortex is reduced by 94% (PubMed:9180080). Mice deficient in both Slc1a2 and Slc1a3 die at about 17 dpc; they display defects in the brain structure that affects the brain cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb, due to impaired radial migration of neurons into the cortical plate and disorganization of the radial glial cell arrangement (PubMed:16880397).
• SWATH-Based Comprehensive Determination of the Localization of Apical and Basolateral Membrane Proteins Using Mouse Liver as a Model Tissue.
  Hirano, Biomedicines 2022
  • “...P58735 2.93 0.01 Yes Tspan4 Q9DCK3 4.72 0.14 Potentially Insr P15208 1.52 0.01 Yes Slc1a2 P43006 2.92 0.04 Yes Pacsin3 Q99JB8 4.32 0.04 Yes Erbb3 Q61526 1.45 0.04 Potentially Slco1a1 Q9QXZ6 2.87 0.01 Yes Cask O70589 4.27 0.03 Yes Asgr1 P34927 1.43 0.00 Potentially Slc6a6 O35316...”
• Utilizing an Animal Model to Identify Brain Neurodegeneration-Related Biomarkers in Aging.
  Yang, International journal of molecular sciences 2021
  • “...Match Queries p I Sequence Coverage (%) Matched Peptide Subcellular Location Protein Function WO mice P43006 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 61,990 43 4 6.24 8 MASTEGANNMPK.Q+Deamidated (NQ) K.KNDEVSSLDAFLDLIR.N R.CLEDNLGIDK.R +Carboxymethyl (C) K.SELDTIDSQHR.M Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Functions as a symporter that transports one amino...”
• Protein Lipidation: Occurrence, Mechanisms, Biological Functions, and Enabling Technologies.
  Jiang, Chemical reviews 2018
  • “...ETB P21451 C402, C403, C405 Cytoplasmic C terminus Required for coupling with Gi 585 GLT-1 P43006 C38 Cytoplasmic N terminus Required for glutamate uptake 586 GluK2a P42260 C858, C871 Cytoplasmic C terminus Required for interaction with 4.1N 587 GluR1 P42261 C603, C829 C603: intramembrane domain; C829:...”
• Alteration of Neuronal Excitability and Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Mouse Model of Mental Illness
  Crabtree, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2017
  • “...p q Ratio Disc1/WT p q ARF4 (P61750) EAA2 (P43006) 1433B (Q9CQV8) 1433G (P61982) DPYL1 (P97427) DPYL2 (O08553) MATN4 (O89029) HS90A (P07901) 0.83 0.84 0.57 0.61...”
  • “...; 1433B (Q9CQV8), 14-3-3 protein /; EAA2 (P43006), excitatory amino acid transporter 2; ARF4 (P61750), ADP-ribosylation factor 4. repetitive presynaptic...”
• Native KCC2 interactome reveals PACSIN1 as a critical regulator of synaptic inhibition
  Mahadevan, eLife 2017
  • “...X SFPQ Q8VIJ6 3.0 1 X X X SIRT2 Q8VDQ8 3.0 0.89 X X SLC1A2 P43006 3.0 0.69 X X X TCP1 P11983 3.0 0.78 X X TRIO Q0KL02 3.0 0.78 X X PTN P63089 2.7 1 X RAB2A P53994 2.7 0.84 X X NDUFS5 Q99LY9...”
• Proteomic and transcriptomic study of brain microvessels in neonatal and adult mice.
  Porte, PloS one 2017
  • “...65.20 - - 14 Q9WVC3 Cav2 0.370.29 1.441.19 5.590.20 - - - - - 6 P43006 Slc1a2 4.310.25 5.981.17 10.800.76 6.88 11.20 134.2532.25 - 4 39 P17809 Slc2a1 8.488.35 24.0723.60 122.924.27 51.5012.60 180.0013 869.0016 - 23 50 Miscellaneous Q62188 Dpysl3 49.043.78 18.200.59 2.990.049 851.15198.85 158.749.7 61.1049.90...”
• Label-Free Neuroproteomics of the Hippocampal-Accumbal Circuit Reveals Deficits in Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Signaling in Mice Lacking Ethanol-Sensitive Adenosine Transporter.
  Oliveros, Journal of proteome research 2017
  • “...SLC6A9 solute carrier fam 6 member 9-Gly trans GluR signaling, Syn-LTP 2.37 3.8 10 2 P43006 SLC1A2 EAAT2 (GLT-1) GluR signaling, Syn-LTP 2.91 9.1 10 3 Q9QYS2 GRM3 Glu-R, metabotropic 3 GluR and CREB signaling, Syn-LTP 2.43 6.5 10 4 Q05BD6 GRM8 Glu-R, metabotropic 8 GluR...”
• Proteomic Analysis of Mitochondria-Enriched Fraction Isolated from the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Treated with Alda-1, an Activator of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2).
  Stachowicz, International journal of molecular sciences 2017
  • “...1 subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial Q99LC3 5 10 1.27 2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 P43006 12 111 1.12 ijms-18-00435-t006_Table 6 Table 6 Differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus mitochondria of Alda-1-treated apoE / group vs. untreated apoE / group ( p < 0.05, n =...”
  • “...5 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit -2 Q6PIE5 22 180 1.11 6 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 P43006 15 183 1.09 7 Spectrin chain, non-erythrocytic 1 Q62261 64 303 1.06 8 Spectrin chain, non-erythrocytic 1 P16546 98 606 1.06 9 Actin, aortic smooth muscle P62737 24 182 1.09...”
• More
• A comprehensive mouse brain acetylome-the cellular-specific distribution of acetylated brain proteins
  Ji, Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2022
  • “...[K919] Q03517 Secretogranin-2 Scg2 Acetyl [K575] A2ALV3 Endophilin-A1 Sh3gl2 Acetyl [K28; K149; K159; K171; K172] Q3UYK6 Amino acid transporter Slc1a2 Acetyl [ ; K157; K193; ; ; K525; K557; K569] Q543U3 Amino acid transporter Slc1a3 Acetyl [K191; K542] Q69ZW4 MKIAA0899 protein (Fragment) Ap2a2 Acetyl [K60; K64;...”
• Proteomic Analysis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB Mouse Brain
  De, Biomolecules 2020
  • “...0.4 0.01045 C, ERS P18872 Gnao1 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha 0.4 0.00334 PM Q3UYK6 Slc1a2 Amino acid transporter 0.4 0.03711 PM Q8BVI4 Qdpr Dihydropteridine reductase 0.4 0.02048 C, M Q9D2G2 Dlst Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial 0.4 0.00639 M, N, PM...”
• Pyridazine-derivatives Enhance Structural and Functional Plasticity of Tripartite Synapse Via Activation of Local Translation in Astrocytic Processes.
  Foster, Neuroscience 2018
  • “...flip type 1.85 1.72 2.582 Plasma Membrane G3X9J1 Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 4.96 9.71 2.908 Transporter Q3UYK6 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 2.19 4.60 4.288 P31648 Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 2.79 2.98 3.463 P48066 Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 2.20 4.97 2.666 Q3UR55 Sodium/potassium-transporting...”

NP_035523 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform 3 from Mus musculus
50% identity, 86% coverage

• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...NP_997805), Mmus Eaat1 (NP_683740), Hsap Eaat1 (NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844), Dmel genderblind (NP_651536), Cele aat-1 (NP_501707), Drer SLC7a11-like (XP_001919426), Mmus xCT (NP_036120), Hsap xCT (NP_055146), Dmel l(2)01810 (NP_620115), Dmel VGLUT (NP_608681), Cele eat-4 (NP_499023),...”

Q8K5B5 Amino acid transporter from Rattus norvegicus
51% identity, 86% coverage

• Mass spectrometry screening reveals peptides modulated differentially in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats with disparate initial sensitivity to cocaine
  Romanova, The AAPS journal 2010
  • “...56 1 Q04940 Q04940 Q63345 Q63910 Q6LD44 Q8CHN7 Q8CHN7 Q8CHN7 Q8CHN7 Q8K5B5 Q8K5B5 Q8K5B5 Q8K5B5 Q91Y80 -90 71 -48 11 -76 -148 -57 -89 -66 -193 -62 -79 -316 -13...”

XP_006499110 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X2 from Mus musculus
50% identity, 86% coverage

• Astrocytic aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates chronic kidney disease-associated mental disorders involving GLT1 hypofunction and neuronal activity enhancement in the mouse brain.
  Huang, Glia 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Astrocytic aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates chronic kidney disease-associated mental disorders involving GLT1 hypofunction and neuronal activity enhancement in the mouse brain.
• Yes-associated protein regulates glutamate homeostasis through promoting the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in astrocytes via β-catenin signaling.
  Xu, Glia 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Yes-associated protein regulates glutamate homeostasis through promoting the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in astrocytes via beta-catenin signaling.
• Depressed glutamate transporter 1 expression in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.
  Hameed, Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2023
  • GeneRIF: Depressed glutamate transporter 1 expression in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.
• Functional investigation of SLC1A2 variants associated with epilepsy.
  Qu, Cell death & disease 2022
  • GeneRIF: Functional investigation of SLC1A2 variants associated with epilepsy.
• Astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) deficient mice exhibit repetitive behaviors.
  Jia, Behavioural brain research 2021
  • GeneRIF: Astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) deficient mice exhibit repetitive behaviors.
• Mice with reduced glutamate transporter GLT1 expression exhibit behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
  Hiraoka, Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Mice with reduced glutamate transporter GLT1 expression exhibit behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
• Targeted overexpression of glutamate transporter-1 reduces seizures and attenuates pathological changes in a mouse model of epilepsy.
  Peterson, Neurobiology of disease 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Targeted overexpression of glutamate transporter-1 reduces seizures and attenuates pathological changes in a mouse model of epilepsy.
• Astrocytic c-Jun N-terminal kinase-histone deacetylase-2 cascade contributes to glutamate transporter-1 decrease and mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury in rats.
  Lu, Brain research bulletin 2021 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Astrocytic c-Jun N-terminal kinase-histone deacetylase-2 cascade contributes to glutamate transporter-1 decrease and mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury in rats.
• More

NP_001012917 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform 3 from Gallus gallus
53% identity, 79% coverage

• Proteomic analyses of nucleus laminaris identified candidate targets of the fragile X mental retardation protein
  Sakano, The Journal of comparative neurology 2017
  • “...high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 t p 80 4 NP_001012917 422649 SLC4A4 solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 4 t p 27 4 XP_420603 396444 SNAP25 synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa v v 6 1 NP_990789 428635 SNAP91 clathrin coat...”

G3V6R0 Amino acid transporter from Rattus norvegicus
51% identity, 83% coverage

• The mitochondrial proteomic changes of rat hippocampus induced by 28-day simulated microgravity.
  Ji, PloS one 2022
  • “...antigen CD47 0.61 0.011316 M0RBJ0_RAT M0RBJ0 Gng2 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma 0.61 0.003203 G3V6R0_RAT G3V6R0 Slc1a2 Amino acid transporter 0.61 0.008327 CRYM_RAT Q9QYU4 Crym Ketimine reductase mu-crystallin 0.61 0.010508 NRN1_RAT O08957 Nrn1 Neuritin 0.60 0.003871 GPM6A_RAT Q812E9 Gpm6a Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-a 0.58 0.005952 KCIP2_RAT...”
• Identification of protein targets for the antidepressant effects of Kai-Xin-San in Chinese medicine using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation.
  Dong, Neural regeneration research 2020
  • “...Q6IG04, Q6IMF3, Q5BJY9, D3ZBN0, G3V9B3, Q6AYW3, D3ZDA6, D4ADV4, D3ZF21, M0R8Q2, D3ZCZ3, D4A1C0, Q9Z1H9, P19944, P00159 G3V6R0, D4ABX1, F1LRV4, Q8VH49, E9PU42, D3ZX30, P32215, P01835, Q5FVI0, P29975, D3ZXI2, P20761, P63182, D3ZTY1, D4A8N1, P02767, D4A7Q3, F1LQI4, D4AAV2, D3ZLC3, F1M173, F1LNP1, F1LMQ1, F1M9F9, D4A2I9, G3V7B0, B0BMT9, M0RDJ7, F1M7S3, P62329, Q8CFC9,...”
  • “...Down-regulated (fold-changes 0.83) P63312, P62329, P18437, Q8K585, Q5U1W8, Q66H40, Q5FVI0, D4AAZ9, D3ZLX7, G3V6Y9, M0RDJ7, M0RBL8, G3V6R0, P63055, Q9R1R4, D3ZXK6, G3V7B0, Q923J6, D3ZIX4, D3ZBT2, Q05175, M0R734, D3ZMG1, Q9QX67, P62634, Q3MID9, F1LWR6, Q924S1, B0K010, D4A0W4, M0RBK9, G3V795, F1M9F9, D4A7Q3, D3ZP34, Q8VID1, Q3B8N7, Q8CFC9 ,F1M208, D3ZXY8, Q4QQW3, M0R9P1,O3534, F1LNP1,...”
• Quantitative proteomic analysis of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats with a focus on brain energy metabolism.
  Liu, Brain and behavior 2018
  • “...transporter 0.68 O70150 2 7.00 3 Pnck Calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase type 1B 0.74 Glutamate excitotoxicity G3V6R0 1.6 34.81 49 Slc1a2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 14.11 P19491 42.7 31.48 38 Gria2 Glutamate receptor 2 1.82 P31421 12.34 9.40 9 Grm2 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 1.70 P09606...”
• Use of biotinylated ubiquitin for analysis of rat brain mitochondrial proteome and interactome.
  Buneeva, International journal of molecular sciences 2012
  • “...glutamate transporter isoform a G3V6R2 2 25.7 PM 4 sodium-dependent high affinity glutamate transporter GLT-1A G3V6R0 2 26.0 PM Ubiquitin and related proteins ( n = 3) polyubiquitin P0CG51 51 54.99 EM/M ? ubiquitin C Q63429 4 44.01 EM/M ? Ubc protein Q5FWT0 10 44.01 EM/M...”

LOC106573978 excitatory amino acid transporter 5-like from Salmo salar
51% identity, 84% coverage

• Elevated CO₂ impairs olfactory-mediated neural and behavioral responses and gene expression in ocean-phase coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
  Williams, Global change biology 2019
  • “...alpha-3-like chrna3 2.201 0.001653337 106592065 LOC106592065 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 chrna3 2.227 0.001665897 106573978 LOC106573978 excitatory amino acid transporter 5-like slc1a7 1.792 0.001803254 106577203 LOC106577203 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1-like kcnh7 2.466 0.001981873 106584365 LOC106584365 diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox protein 1-like dmbx1 4.100 0.002118515 106583073...”

XP_018112815 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X2 from Xenopus laevis
50% identity, 85% coverage

• Leucine 434 is essential for docosahexaenoic acid-induced augmentation of L-glutamate transporter current.
  Takahashi, The Journal of biological chemistry 2023
  • GeneRIF: Leucine 434 is essential for docosahexaenoic acid-induced augmentation of L-glutamate transporter current.
• Transport rate of EAAT2 is regulated by amino acid located at the interface between the scaffolding and substrate transport domains.
  Duffield, Neurochemistry international 2020 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Transport rate of EAAT2 is regulated by amino acid located at the interface between the scaffolding and substrate transport domains.

8cv2A / P43005 Human excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (eaat3) in an outward facing sodium-bound state (see paper)
52% identity, 85% coverage

• Ligand: sodium ion (8cv2A)

EAA2_HUMAN / P43004 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; Glutamate/aspartate transporter II; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 9 papers)
TC 2.A.23.2.7 / P43004 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2, EAAT2 (Glutamate/aspartate transporter II) (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2) (Solute carrier family 1 member 2) from Homo sapiens (see 9 papers)
NP_004162 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform 1 from Homo sapiens
51% identity, 84% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:14506254, PubMed:15265858, PubMed:26690923, PubMed:7521911). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:14506254). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:14506254). Essential for the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, and for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-glutamate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-glutamate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70699)
  catalytic activity: K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70851)
  catalytic activity: D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D- aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:71379)
  subunit: Homotrimer (PubMed:15265858, PubMed:15483603, PubMed:26483543). Isoform 3 can oligomerize with isoform 1 (PubMed:20688910). Interacts with AJUBA (By similarity).
• substrates: Na+, aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: This system may be important for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Parkin et al. 2018)
• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...(NP_683740), Hsap Eaat1 (NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844), Dmel genderblind (NP_651536), Cele aat-1 (NP_501707), Drer SLC7a11-like (XP_001919426), Mmus xCT (NP_036120), Hsap xCT (NP_055146), Dmel l(2)01810 (NP_620115), Dmel VGLUT (NP_608681), Cele eat-4 (NP_499023), Drer SLC17a7 (NP_001092225),...”
• Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
  D'Ambrosio, Journal of neuroinflammation 2024
  • “...protein 2 25 O95147 DUSP14 Dual specificity protein phosphatase 14 26 Q05193 DNM1 Dynamin-1 27 P43004 EAAT2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 28 P15311 EZR Ezrin 29 Q01469 FABP5 Fatty acid-binding protein 5 30 P14136 GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein 31 P15104 GLUL, GLNS Glutamine synthetase...”
  • “...I 16 P12277 CKB Creatine kinase B-type 17 O75746 SLC25A12 Electrogenic aspartate/glutamate antiporter, mitochondrial 18 P43004 EAAT2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 19 Q15485 FCN2 Ficolin-2 20 P14136 GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein 21 P09471 GNAO1 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit 22 P08238 HSP90AB1 Heat shock...”
• Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships for Glutamate Transporter Allosteric Modulators.
  Fontana, Journal of medicinal chemistry 2024
  • “...for LCMS/MS analysis. Structural Modeling and Ligand Docking Simulations Human EAAT2 protein (L35-R509; UniProt ID P43004) was modeled by the SWISS-MODEL 80 using the resolved EAAT1 protomer (PDB: 5LLU ( 81 )) as the template. The ligand-binding sites and binding poses were determined using AutoDock Vina....”
• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...8 Canonical E7EUV6 106 2 TM1, TM2 A0A7P0T9Z4 123 3 TM6, HP1, HP2 EAA2 (SLC1A1) P43004 (Canonical EAA2) 574 8 Canonical C9J9N5 409 7 TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, HP1 A0A2R8Y642 435 4 TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5 A0A2R8Y4N0 330 5 TM5, TM6, HP1, TM7, HP2...”
  • “...]. For each canonical EAAT, their UniProt accession numbers are in () EAAT1 (P43003), EAAT2 (P43004), EAAT3 (P43005), EAAT4 (P48664) and EAAT 5 (O00341). The corresponding protein coding isoforms were listed utilizing Ensembl genome browser (Ensemble release 112) which identifies potential isoforms via automatic gene-centric mapping...”
• Molecular Dynamic Simulations Reveal that Water-Soluble QTY-Variants of Glutamate Transporters EAA1, EAA2 and EAA3 Retain the Conformational Characteristics of Native Transporters.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...Characteristics Protein sequences for EAA1, EAA2 and EAA3 were retrieved from UniProt (accession numbers P43003, P43004, P43005) ( https://www.uniprot.org ) [ 28 ]. Membrane topology features were plotted using Protter web application ( https://wlab.ethz.ch/protter/ ) [ 29 ]. Molecular weights, amino acid compositions, and isoelectric points...”
• Structural bioinformatics studies of glutamate transporters and their AlphaFold2 predicted water-soluble QTY variants and uncovering the natural mutations of L->Q, I->T, F->Y and Q->L, T->I and Y->F.
  Karagöl, PloS one 2024
  • “...protein. The UniProt accession numbers for the EAATs 14, VGLUTs 13, and YLAT2 are P43003, P43004, P43005, P48664, Q9P2U7, Q9P2U8, Q8NDX2, and Q92536, respectively. The sequences were available from UniProt [ 24 ]. The QTY code was applied to transmembrane alpha-helices of each protein sequence, using...”
• Discovery of (R)-N-Benzyl-2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamide [(R)-AS-1], a Novel Orally Bioavailable EAAT2 Modulator with Drug-like Properties and Potent Antiseizure Activity In Vivo.
  Abram, Journal of medicinal chemistry 2022
  • “...63 66 We generated structural models for human EAAT2 (residues K43 to D505; UniProt ID P43004 ) trimer in the OF and IF states using SWISS-MODEL 67 based on the structures resolved for the symmetric OF EAAT1 64 (PDB: 5LLU ) and IF EAAT3 68 (PDB:...”
• Structural insights into inhibitory mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2.
  Kato, Nature communications 2022
  • “...Purification of HsEAAT2 The sequence encoding the full-length human EAAT2 isoform 1 (SLC1A2; Uniprot ID P43004) was amplified from a human brain complementary DNA library (Zyagen) and inserted into the pEG BacMam vector 63 , with the C-terminally fused tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site,...”
• Structural basis of ligand binding modes of human EAAT2.
  Zhang, Nature communications 2022
  • “...inhibition of hEAAT2 by WAY-213613. Methods EAAT2 expression and purification The full-length hEAAT2 (UniProtKB accession: P43004) gene was cloned from an HEK293 cDNA, and constructed into a modified pEG BacMam vector that has an N-terminal Strep Tag II followed by a superfolder GFP (sfGFP) and a...”
• More

XP_015290403 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X3 from Macaca fascicularis
51% identity, 84% coverage

• Exploring effects of EAAT polymorphisms on cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
  Spangaro, Pharmacogenomics 2014 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: the effect of functional polymorphisms (rs4354668 and rs2731880) of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1 and 2) on the cognitive dysfunction that characterizes schizophrenia

NP_001182657 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform 2 from Homo sapiens
A2A2U1 Amino acid transporter from Homo sapiens
51% identity, 85% coverage

• Leat-associated seizures the possible role of EAAT2, pyruvate carboxylase and glutamine synthetase.
  Buccoliero, Epilepsy research 2024 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Leat-associated seizures the possible role of EAAT2, pyruvate carboxylase and glutamine synthetase.
• Hyperglycemia impairs EAAT2 glutamate transporter trafficking and glutamate clearance in islets of Langerhans: implications for type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and treatment.
  Galli, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2024
  • GeneRIF: Hyperglycemia impairs EAAT2 glutamate transporter trafficking and glutamate clearance in islets of Langerhans: implications for type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and treatment.
• The role of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
  Alijanpour, Metabolic brain disease 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The role of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
• The Regulation of GLT-1 Degradation Pathway by SIRT4.
  Yeşilören, Neurochemical research 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The Regulation of GLT-1 Degradation Pathway by SIRT4.
• Mutations associated with epileptic encephalopathy modify EAAT2 anion channel function.
  Kovermann, Epilepsia 2022 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Mutations associated with epileptic encephalopathy modify EAAT2 anion channel function.
• Polymorphism of rs12294045 in EAAT2 gene is potentially associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population.
  Wang, BMC psychiatry 2022
  • GeneRIF: Polymorphism of rs12294045 in EAAT2 gene is potentially associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population.
• PKCα phosphorylation of GLT-1 at Ser562/563 induces glutamate excitotoxicity in ischemia in mice.
  Wang, Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2022
  • GeneRIF: PKCalpha phosphorylation of GLT-1 at Ser562/563 induces glutamate excitotoxicity in ischemia in mice.
• Structural insights into inhibitory mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2.
  Kato, Nature communications 2022
  • GeneRIF: Structural insights into inhibitory mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2.
• More
• Next-Generation Proteomics of Brain Extracellular Vesicles in Schizophrenia Provide New Clues on the Altered Molecular Connectome.
  Lorca, Biomedicines 2024
  • “...neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Glial A0A024R7V4 PENK proenkephalin Neuronal Q9NQC3 RTN4 reticulon 4 Neuronal A2A2U1 SLC1A2 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Glial P60880 SNAP25 synaptosome-associated protein 25 Neuronal O60641 SNAP91 synaptosome-associated protein 91 Neuronal P17600 SYN1 synapsin I Neuronal A0A087X2E3 SYN2 synapsin II Neuronal...”
• Anatomo-proteomic characterization of human basal ganglia: focus on striatum and globus pallidus
  Fernández-Irigoyen, Molecular brain 2014
  • “...amino acid transporter 2 P43004 ++ ++ --- --- Solute carrier family 1, member 2 A2A2U1 --- --- --- ++ METTL7A Methyltransferase-like protein 7A Q9H8H3 --- ++ --- ++ ALDH1L1 Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase O75891 --- --- ++ --- Neurons PGM2L1 Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase Q6PCE3 ++ ++...”

TC 2.A.23.2.10 / Q10901 Excitatory amino acid transporter (Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter), Gkt-1 of 503 aas and 9 - 11 TMSs from Caenorhabditis elegans (see 5 papers)
NP_001024393 Excitatory amino acid transporter from Caenorhabditis elegans
49% identity, 87% coverage

• substrates: Na+, aspartate, glutamate
• Bioinformatic analyses of integral membrane transport proteins encoded within the genome of the planctomycetes species, Rhodopirellula baltica.
  Paparoditis, Biochimica et biophysica acta 2014
  • “...choline: Na+ symporter Q7UFM6 13 2.A.23 Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na+ or H+) Symporter (DAACS) Family 2.A.23.2.10 Q10901 9 amino acids amino acid Q7UV95 11 2.A.25 Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter (AGCS) Family 2.A.25.1.3 Q6LX42 11 amino acids alanine:Na+ symporter Q7UKE2 12 2.A.27 Glutamate:Na+Symporter (ESS) Family 2.A.27.2.1 B1XKD9 11...”
• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...(NP_496094), Drer SLC1a3 (solute carrier 1a3; NP_997805), Mmus Eaat1 (NP_683740), Hsap Eaat1 (NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844), Dmel genderblind (NP_651536), Cele aat-1 (NP_501707), Drer SLC7a11-like (XP_001919426), Mmus xCT (NP_036120), Hsap xCT (NP_055146), Dmel l(2)01810 (NP_620115),...”

7xr4A / P43004 Structure of human excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (eaat2) in complex with glutamate (see paper)
49% identity, 86% coverage

• Ligands: glutamic acid; cholesterol hemisuccinate (7xr4A)

TC 2.A.23.2.11 / B0W0K4 EAAT homologue, a glutamate/aspartate preferring transporter of 483 aas from Culex quinquefasciatus
47% identity, 88% coverage

• substrates: aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: TMS8 includes residues important for substrate and cation binding (Wang et al. 2013)

XP_001842238 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Culex quinquefasciatus
46% identity, 86% coverage

• Novel dicarboxylate selectivity in an insect glutamate transporter homolog
  Wang, PloS one 2013
  • “...expresses an ortholog of the Aedes aspartate/glutamate transporter that is 88% identical (gene accession number XP_001842238). In this work, we expressed and characterized the other SLC1 transporter from Culex (accession number XP_001842239). This transporter (hereafter called CuqDCT) displayed a dramatically altered substrate selectivity, preferring dicarboxylic acids...”
  • “...One of the predicted SLC1 gene products from the related species Culex quinquefasciatus (accession code XP_001842238) shares 88% sequence identity with AeaEAAT (accession code XP_001649287), and we termed this apparent ortholog CuqEAAT. The other SLC1 genes in Culex (XP_001842239) and Aedes (XP_001656354) also appear to be...”

NP_001265773 neutral amino acid transporter A from Felis catus
46% identity, 86% coverage

• Characterization of feline ASCT1 and ASCT2 as RD-114 virus receptor.
  Shimode, The Journal of general virology 2013 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: We confirmed that two feline sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters (ASCTs), fASCT1 and fASCT2, function as RD-114 virus receptors.[ASCT1, ASCT2]

NP_942058 neutral amino acid transporter A from Rattus norvegicus
45% identity, 92% coverage

• D-Serine Is a Substrate for Neutral Amino Acid Transporters ASCT1/SLC1A4 and ASCT2/SLC1A5, and Is Transported by Both Subtypes in Rat Hippocampal Astrocyte Cultures.
  Foster, PloS one 2016
  • GeneRIF: the selectivity profile of D-serine uptake in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes is consistent with uptake mediated by both ASCT1 and ASCT2. Together these data suggest that SLC1A4 (ASCT1) may represent an important route of Na-dependent D-serine flux in the brain that has the ability to regulate extracellular D-serine and thereby NMDA receptor activity.
• Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of RKIP regulates inhibition of Na-alanine cotransport by leukotriene D(4) in intestinal epithelial cells.
  Arthur, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2014
  • GeneRIF: LTD4 inhibits ASCT1 through PKC-mediated phosphorylation of RKIP, leading to the subsequent activation of PKA pathway, possibly through beta2-andrenergic receptor activation.
• Characterization of rapid and high-affinity uptake of L-serine in neurons and astrocytes in primary culture.
  Yamamoto, FEBS letters 2003 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: findings indicate that neurons accumulate a high level of L-serine by using a Na(+)-dependent, high-affinity transport system, operating predominantly through the ASCT1 transporter subtype(ASCT1, SLC1A4).

NP_496094 Amino acid transporter from Caenorhabditis elegans
45% identity, 87% coverage

• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...)], the protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database; Dmel Eaat1 (NP_723454), Cele glt-5 (NP_496094), Drer SLC1a3 (solute carrier 1a3; NP_997805), Mmus Eaat1 (NP_683740), Hsap Eaat1 (NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844), Dmel genderblind (NP_651536),...”

NP_061349 neutral amino acid transporter A from Mus musculus
O35874 Neutral amino acid transporter A from Mus musculus
44% identity, 93% coverage

• Protein Expression of Amino Acid Transporters Is Altered in Isolated Cerebral Microvessels of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
  Puris, Molecular neurobiology 2023
  • GeneRIF: Protein Expression of Amino Acid Transporters Is Altered in Isolated Cerebral Microvessels of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
• Air pollution exposure increases ABCB1 and ASCT1 transporter levels in mouse cortex.
  Puris, Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2022 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Air pollution exposure increases ABCB1 and ASCT1 transporter levels in mouse cortex.
• Inhibitors of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporters ASCT1 and ASCT2 Are Effective in In Vivo Models of Schizophrenia and Visual Dysfunction.
  Li, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 2018 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The ability of L-4FPG to penetrate the brain makes this compound a useful tool to further evaluate the function of ASCT1 and ASCT2 transporters in the CNS.
• ASCT1 (Slc1a4) transporter is a physiologic regulator of brain d-serine and neurodevelopment.
  Kaplan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2018
  • GeneRIF: ASCT1, rather than ASCT2, is a component of the brain serine shuttle. ASCT1-KO mice display motor and neurodevelopmental deficits reminiscent of ASCT1 missense mutations in humans.
• Expression of L-serine biosynthetic enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) and neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1 following an excitotoxic lesion in the mouse hippocampus.
  Jeon, Neurochemical research 2009 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Results demonstrate injury-induced changes in Phgdh and ASCT1 expression.
• Segmental and complementary expression of L-serine biosynthetic enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1 in the mouse kidney.
  Takasaki, Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan) 2007 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: either Phgdh or ASCT1 is provided to each segment of renal tubules, suggesting that metabolic interplay mediated by L-serine biosynthesis and supply may exist in the kidney
• Neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1 is preferentially expressed in L-Ser-synthetic/storing glial cells in the mouse brain with transient expression in developing capillaries.
  Sakai, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2003
  • GeneRIF: ASCT1 expression was gradually downregulated in neuronal populations during late embryonic and neonatal periods, whereas its high expression was transmitted to radial glial cells and then to astrocytes; ASCT1 appears regulated to meet metabolic demands
• N-linked glycosylation and sequence changes in a critical negative control region of the ASCT1 and ASCT2 neutral amino acid transporters determine their retroviral receptor functions.
  Marin, Journal of virology 2003
  • GeneRIF: results strongly suggest that combinations of amino acid sequence changes and N-linked oligosaccharides in a critical carboxyl-terminal region of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) control retroviral utilization of both the ASCT1 and ASCT2 receptors
• More
• Proteomic Analysis of Protective Effects of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide against mpp + -Induced Toxicity via downregulating P53 pathway in N2A Cells
  Zhao, Proteome science 2023
  • “...mobility group protein B3 6.00E-05 O54724 Cavin1 Caveolae-associated protein 1 0.007188 O35887 Calu Calumenin 0.000147 O35874 Slc1a4 Neutral amino acid transporter A 0.029691 O35690 Phox2b Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2B 0.000918 O35639 Anxa3 Annexin A3 5.15E-05 O35601 Fyb1 FYN-binding protein 1 0.000189 O35075 Dscr3 Down syndrome...”
• Protein expression alteration in hippocampus upon genetic repression of AMPKα isoforms.
  Yang, Hippocampus 2021
  • “...in hippocampus of AMPK1 cKO mice. Description Accession Fold change Neutral amino acid transporter A O35874 3.333 Kininogen-1 O08677 3 NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit Q8VBW6 3 Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein 2 + Q9WVE8 2.5 Polyadenylate-binding protein 1 P29341 2.333...”
• Proteomic and transcriptomic study of brain microvessels in neonatal and adult mice.
  Porte, PloS one 2017
  • “...- - - Q9JHL1 Slc9a3r2 5.220.82 10.591.22 24.531.31 4.43 - 22.90 - 4 - Transport O35874 Slc1a4 7.550.55 4.171.14 1.480.28 1.09 17.60 - - - - P31648 Slc6a1 6.630.42 3.210.21 2.930.33 6.75 - - - 4 - Q9Z2Z6 Slc25a20 0.260.06 0.660.08 0.410.03 - 6.04 1.85 -...”
• Label-Free Neuroproteomics of the Hippocampal-Accumbal Circuit Reveals Deficits in Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Signaling in Mice Lacking Ethanol-Sensitive Adenosine Transporter.
  Oliveros, Journal of proteome research 2017
  • “...4 Q05BD6 GRM8 Glu-R, metabotropic 8 GluR and CREB signaling, Syn-LTP 2.36 1.1 10 4 O35874 SLC1A4 solute carrier family 1 member 4 GluR signaling, Syn-LTP 2.12 1.6 10 2 Q68ED2 GRM7 Glu-R, metabotropic 7 GluR and CREB signaling, Syn-LTP 1.63 4.7 10 4 Q543V3 IRS1...”
• Proteomics analysis of amyloid and nonamyloid prion disease phenotypes reveals both common and divergent mechanisms of neuropathogenesis.
  Moore, Journal of proteome research 2014
  • “...APOD Apolipoprotein D 56.2 55 --- --- Q91 72 HPX Hemopexin 23.1 2 --- --- O35874 SLC1A4 Neutral amino acid transporter A 9.2 3 --- --- P08226 APOE Apolipoprotein E 7.6 5 --- --- P61148 FGF1 Heparin-binding growth factor 1 7.4 47 --- --- Q00493 CPE...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...407 400 412 425 O19105 O15758 P51912 P43007 O35874 AF003006 P51906 P51907 O95135 P31597 P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544 O35921 P48664 O00341...”

D7RVS1 Amino acid transporter from Danio rerio
XP_005156843 neutral amino acid transporter A isoform X1 from Danio rerio
44% identity, 86% coverage

• Comparative Proteome Research in a Zebrafish Model for Vanishing White Matter Disease
  Kim, International journal of molecular sciences 2021
  • “...DHKTD1, mitochondrial DHTKD1 Up I3IRW7 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase abat 2.09 P80404 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT Up D7RVS1 Neutral amino acid transporter SLC1A4 slc1a4 2.73 P43007 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 Down B6IDE1 Slow myosin heavy chain 2 smyhc2 0.37 P12883 Myosin-7 MYH7 Down F1R3Q3 Septin 6...”
• Deletion of Slc1a4 Suppresses Single Mauthner Cell Axon Regeneration In Vivo through Growth-Associated Protein 43.
  Li, International journal of molecular sciences 2024
  • GeneRIF: Deletion of Slc1a4 Suppresses Single Mauthner Cell Axon Regeneration In Vivo through Growth-Associated Protein 43.

XP_538511 neutral amino acid transporter A from Canis lupus familiaris
46% identity, 86% coverage

• Canine ASCT1 and ASCT2 are functional receptors for RD-114 virus in dogs.
  Yoshikawa, The Journal of general virology 2012 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The authors identified canine ASCT1 and ASCT2, sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters, as RD-114 virus receptors.

XP_008978854 neutral amino acid transporter A isoform X1 from Callithrix jacchus
47% identity, 86% coverage

• Glutamine Transporters Are Targets of Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer.
  White, Molecular cancer research : MCR 2017
  • GeneRIF: AR signaling promoted glutamine metabolism by increasing the expression of the glutamine transporters SLC1A4 and SLC1A5, genes commonly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Correspondingly, gene expression signatures of AR activity correlated with SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 mRNA levels in clinical cohorts.

SATT_HUMAN / P43007 Neutral amino acid transporter A; Alanine/serine/cysteine/threonine transporter 1; ASCT-1; Solute carrier family 1 member 4 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 7 papers)
TC 2.A.23.3.1 / P43007 Neutral amino acid (alanine, serine, cysteine, threonine):Na+ symporter. Also transports homocysteine (Jiang et al., 2007). AscT1 is the Syncytin-1 (Q9UQF0) receptor. Syncytin-1, of 538 aas with 4-7 TMSs, is a viral fusion protein and is involved in the development of multiple sclerosis (Antony et al. 2007). Mutation causes nuerological problems including global developmental delay, severe progressive microcephaly, seizures, spasticity and thin corpus callosum (CC) from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 9 papers)
SLC1A4 / RF|NP_003029.2 neutral amino acid transporter A from Homo sapiens (see paper)
47% identity, 86% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent neutral amino-acid transporter that mediates transport of alanine, serine, cysteine, proline, hydroxyproline and threonine.
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(in) + Na(+)(in) = L-threonine(out) + Na(+)(out) (RHEA:69999)
  catalytic activity: L-serine(in) + Na(+)(in) = L-serine(out) + Na(+)(out) (RHEA:29575)
  catalytic activity: L-cysteine(in) + Na(+)(in) = L-cysteine(out) + Na(+)(out) (RHEA:68232)
  catalytic activity: L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) = L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) (RHEA:29283)
  catalytic activity: L-proline(in) + Na(+)(in) = L-proline(out) + Na(+)(out) (RHEA:28967)
  catalytic activity: 4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + Na(+)(in) = 4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + Na(+)(out) (RHEA:70023)
• substrates: Alanine, Cysteine, Na+, Serine, Threonine
• Novel compound heterozygous variants (c.971delA/c.542C > T) in SLC1A4 causes spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly: a case report and mutational analysis.
  Mohamed, Frontiers in pediatrics 2023
  • “...variants on protein structure and function The SLC1A4 gene transcript (ENST00000234256) and protein sequence (NM_003038; P43007) were obtained from the Ensembl and UniProt databases, respectively. The ExPASy translate tool was used to predict the impact of the filtered variants from WES on the protein sequence. Various...”
• Desmocollin-1 is associated with pro-metastatic phenotype of luminal A breast cancer cells and is modulated by parthenolide.
  Lapcik, Cellular & molecular biology letters 2023
  • “...CDIPT 5.11 2.56E09 2.30 1.45E06 0.35 2.00E03 0.01 0.122 SATT Neutral amino acid transporter A P43007 SLC1A4 3.86 5.27E04 2.41 4.09E03 NA NA NA NA PCDGH Protocadherin gamma-B5 Q9Y5G0 PCDHGB5 3.77 6.88E04 1.10 5.46E04 NA NA NA NA PCDBD Protocadherin beta-13 Q9Y5F0 PCDHB13 3.70 1.82E06 2.29...”
• Identification of metastasis-associated exoDEPs in colorectal cancer using label-free proteomics
  Liu, Translational oncology 2022
  • “...protein 1 WDR1 25.7 66.227 0.235138519 0.01728513 P18564 Integrin beta-6 ITGB6 1.3 75.849 0.238701666 0.00190898 P43007 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 2.4 47.726 0.248104871 0.00052163 Q01650 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 9.9 55.01 0.254952388 0.00514504 O00186 Syntaxin-binding protein 3 STXBP3 12...”
• Carfilzomib Treatment Causes Molecular and Functional Alterations of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
  Forghani, Journal of the American Heart Association 2021
  • “...0.009685 0.46695 P17174 GOT1 Glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase 1 0.011001 0.47138 P10109 FDX1 (Ferredoxin 1) 0.014375 0.47543 P43007 SLC1A4 Solute carrier family 1 member 4 0.014845 0.48642 P30046 DDT Ddopachrome tautomerase 0.017058 0.50283 Q13315 ATM ATM serine/threonine kinase 0.0171 0.50678 P34949 MPI Mannose phosphate isomerase 0.018324 0.50884 Q8IYM0...”
• Comparative Proteome Research in a Zebrafish Model for Vanishing White Matter Disease.
  Kim, International journal of molecular sciences 2021
  • “...2.09 P80404 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT Up D7RVS1 Neutral amino acid transporter SLC1A4 slc1a4 2.73 P43007 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 Down B6IDE1 Slow myosin heavy chain 2 smyhc2 0.37 P12883 Myosin-7 MYH7 Down F1R3Q3 Septin 6 sept6 0.46 Q14141 Septin-6 SEPTIN6 Down A7E2K7 Crystallin,...”
• Proteomics-based insights into mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor resistance of cerebral melanoma metastases
  Zila, Clinical proteomics 2018
  • “...acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 3.17 2.51E03 P43004 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 4.98 5.16E03 P43007 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 1.81 4.10E02 P48066 Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 SLC6A11 2.12 4.95E04 Q15043 Zinc transporter ZIP14 SLC39A14 1.28 3.30E03 Q6PML9 Zinc transporter 9 SLC30A9...”
• THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Transporters
  Alexander, British journal of pharmacology 2017
  • “...Nomenclature Alanine/serine/cysteine transporter 1 Alanine/serine/cysteine transporter 2 Systematic nomenclature SLC1A4 SLC1A5 HGNC, UniProt SLC1A4 , P43007 SLC1A5 , Q15758 Common abreviation ASCT1 ASCT2 Endogenous substrates Lcysteine > Lalanine = Lserine > Lthreonine Lalanine = Lserine = Lcysteine (low Vmax) = Lthreonine = Lglutamine = Lasparagine Lmethionine...”
• Integrated proteomic and N-glycoproteomic analyses of doxorubicin sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cells reveal glycoprotein alteration in protein abundance and glycosylation.
  Ji, Oncotarget 2017
  • “...YN(1)HTGQVIIYR 460 0.46 0.16 0.78 0.21 0.59 SEN(1)ASIVISSSNQK 1113 0.47 0.08 0.78 0.21 0.60 14 P43007 SLC1A4 VVTQN(1)SSSGN(1)VTHEK 206 0.23 0.06 0.24 0.05 0.95 VVTQN(1)SSSGN(1)VTHEK 201 0.30 0.05 0.24 0.05 1.22 P32970 CD70 GDTICTN(1)ITGTIIPSR 170 0.36 0.07 0.30 0.08 1.21 FAQAQQQIPIESIGWDVAEIQIN(1)HTGPQQDPR 63 0.44 0.08 0.30 0.08...”
• More

LOC100744217 excitatory amino acid transporter 1 from Bombus impatiens
44% identity, 88% coverage

• Allele specific expression and methylation in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
  Lonsdale, PeerJ 2017
  • “...during oogenesis in Drosophila ( Kodjabachian et al., 1998 ). excitatory amino acid transporter 1 LOC100744217 MRE Excitatory amino acid transporters are neurotransmitter transporters. Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 expression was upregulated in sterile honeybee workers ( Cardoen et al., 2011 ). Excitatory amino acid transporter...”

G3H125 Amino acid transporter from Cricetulus griseus
44% identity, 93% coverage

• A hierarchical structure in the N-glycosylation process governs the N-glycosylation output: prolonged cultivation induces glycoenzymes expression variations that are reflected in the cellular N-glycome but not in the protein and site-specific glycoprofile of CHO cells
  Arigoni-Affolter, Glycobiology 2024
  • “...time. We chose the following proteins as control: neutral amino acids transporter A (protein ID: G3H125), calcium transporting ATPase (protein ID: G3HQC3), Rab7 (protein ID: G3HID1). The fold change ratios of these control proteins were found to be constant over time, slightly fluctuating around 1 (...”

S4R7G6 Amino acid transporter from Petromyzon marinus
46% identity, 82% coverage

• Axonal Ensheathment in the Nervous System of Lamprey: Implications for the Evolution of Myelinating Glia
  Weil, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2018 (secret)

NP_477428 excitatory amino acid transporter 1, isoform A from Drosophila melanogaster
NP_723454 excitatory amino acid transporter 1, isoform B from Drosophila melanogaster
O77062 Amino acid transporter from Drosophila melanogaster
44% identity, 85% coverage

• The ion-coupling mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporters.
  Canul-Tec, The EMBO journal 2022
  • GeneRIF: The ion-coupling mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporters.
• A tripartite synapse model in Drosophila.
  Danjo, PloS one 2011
  • GeneRIF: A Drosophila tripartite synapse model which exhibits morphological and functional properties similar to those of mammalian synapses.
• Drosophila glial glutamate transporter Eaat1 is regulated by fringe-mediated notch signaling and is essential for larval locomotion.
  Stacey, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2010
  • GeneRIF: Eaat1 expression is promoted by Fringe-mediated neuron-glial communication during development and suggest that Eaat1 plays an essential role in regulating central nervous system neural circuits that control locomotion in Drosophila
• Physiological requirement for the glutamate transporter dEAAT1 at the adult Drosophila neuromuscular junction.
  Rival, Journal of neurobiology 2006 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: dEAAT1 is present at the adult, but surprisingly not at embryonic and larval NMJ, suggesting a physiological maturation of the junction during metamorphosis
• Terminal glial differentiation involves regulated expression of the excitatory amino acid transporters in the Drosophila embryonic CNS.
  Soustelle, Developmental biology 2002 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Terminal glial differentiation involves regulated expression of the excitatory amino acid transporters in the Drosophila embryonic CNS.
• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...( Homo sapiens )], the protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database; Dmel Eaat1 (NP_723454), Cele glt-5 (NP_496094), Drer SLC1a3 (solute carrier 1a3; NP_997805), Mmus Eaat1 (NP_683740), Hsap Eaat1 (NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844),...”
• Endogenous ceramide phosphoethanolamine modulates circadian rhythm via neural-glial coupling in Drosophila
  Chen, National science review 2022
  • “...phosphate uridylyltransferase (Galt), Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (ple) and Na + /K + -dependent glutamate transporter EAAT1 (O77062) as key mediators of perturbed locomotor activity (Fig. 6E and Supplementary Fig.8D ), which were reduced in cpes knock-downs. EAAT1 represents the only high-affinity glutamate transporter in Drosophila (Rival et...”

TC 2.A.23.2.12 / B0W0K5 Dicarboxylic acid over dicarboxylic amino acid from Culex quinquefasciatus
XP_001842239 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Culex quinquefasciatus
43% identity, 86% coverage

• substrates: Dicarboxylates
  tcdb comment: preferring EAAT3 homologue of 483 aas (Wang et al. 2013)
• Novel dicarboxylate selectivity in an insect glutamate transporter homolog
  Wang, PloS one 2013
  • GeneRIF: Data indicate that dicarboxylate selectivity of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3; XP_001842239) was found to be associated with two residues in transmembrane domain 8.
  • “...In this work, we expressed and characterized the other SLC1 transporter from Culex (accession number XP_001842239). This transporter (hereafter called CuqDCT) displayed a dramatically altered substrate selectivity, preferring dicarboxylic acids over the acidic -amino acids glutamate and aspartate. We provide evidence that this selectivity change is...”

XP_001656354 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Aedes aegypti
41% identity, 87% coverage

• Novel dicarboxylate selectivity in an insect glutamate transporter homolog
  Wang, PloS one 2013
  • “...we termed this apparent ortholog CuqEAAT. The other SLC1 genes in Culex (XP_001842239) and Aedes (XP_001656354) also appear to be orthologs with predicted gene products sharing 78% identity. We noted that these latter predicted transporters contained an Asn residue at a position in TMD8 (N428) that...”

8ouiC Complex of asct2 with suppressyn (see paper)
47% identity, 85% coverage

• Ligand: alanine (8ouiC)

NP_001274526 excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform 3 from Homo sapiens
54% identity, 67% coverage

• Human brain neurons express a novel splice variant of excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (hEAAT5v).
  Lee, The Journal of comparative neurology 2020 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Human brain neurons express a novel splice variant of excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (hEAAT5v).
• L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha subunit 1C is a novel candidate gene associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism: an application of haplotype-based analysis for multiple linked single nucleotide polymorphisms.
  Yokoyama, Nephron. Clinical practice 2010 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
• Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
  Bailey, Diabetes care 2010
  • GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
• Identification of new putative susceptibility genes for several psychiatric disorders by association analysis of regulatory and non-synonymous SNPs of 306 genes involved in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment.
  Gratacòs, American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 2009 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
• Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip.
  Talmud, American journal of human genetics 2009
  • GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
• Regulation of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT5 by the serum and glucocorticoid dependent kinases SGK1 and SGK3.
  Boehmer, Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2005 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: In conclusion, the kinases SGK1 and SGK3 increase EAAT5 activity by increasing cell surface abundance of the carrier.

AAAT_MOUSE / P51912 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0); ATB(0); ASC-like Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2; Insulin-activated amino acid transporter; Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 5 from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see 4 papers)
TC 2.A.23.3.2 / P51912 Insulin-activated, Na+-dependet amino acid (serine, alanine, glutamate, glutamine and other neutral amino acids):amino acid antiporter (Ndaru et al. 2019). Also transports homocysteine from Mus musculus (Mouse) (see 2 papers)
Slc1a5 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) from Mus musculus (see paper)
43% identity, 87% coverage

• function: Sodium-coupled antiporter of neutral amino acids. In a tri- substrate transport cycle, exchanges neutral amino acids between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, coupled to the inward cotransport of at least one sodium ion (By similarity) (PubMed:7702599, PubMed:8662767). The preferred substrate is the essential amino acid L- glutamine, a precursor for biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and amine sugars as well as an alternative fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exchanges L-glutamine with other neutral amino acids such as L-serine, L-threonine and L-asparagine in a bidirectional way. Provides L-glutamine to proliferating stem and activated cells driving the metabolic switch toward cell differentiation (By similarity). The transport cycle is usually pH-independent, with the exception of L- glutamate. Transports extracellular L-glutamate coupled to the cotransport of one proton and one sodium ion in exchange for intracellular L-glutamine counter-ion. May provide for L-glutamate uptake in glial cells regulating glutamine/glutamate cycle in the nervous system (By similarity). Can transport D-amino acids. Mediates D-serine release from the retinal glia potentially affecting NMDA receptor function in retinal neurons (By similarity). Displays sodium- and amino acid-dependent but uncoupled channel-like anion conductance with a preference SCN(-) >> NO3(-) > I(-) > Cl(-) (By similarity). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin-1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70855)
  catalytic activity: L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70887)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70863)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70879)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70859)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70891)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70867)
  catalytic activity: L-valine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-valine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70871)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-methionine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-methionine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70875)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-glutamate(out) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-glutamate(in) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70883)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75307)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75311)
  catalytic activity: nitrate(in) = nitrate(out) (RHEA:34923)
  catalytic activity: iodide(out) = iodide(in) (RHEA:66324)
  catalytic activity: thiocyanate(in) = thiocyanate(out) (RHEA:75347)
  subunit: Homotrimer.
  disruption phenotype: Mice are born at the expected Mendelian rate and have normal lifespans without obvious abnormalities. They show a moderate decrease of hematopoietic progenitor numbers under steady state. Constitutive or conditional SLC1A5 deletion confers resistance to hematological malignancies.
• substrates: Alanine, Homocysteine, Na+, Serine, glutamate
  tcdb comment: V-9302 is a selective and potent competitive small molecule antagonist of glutamine uptake via ASCT2. Blockage of ASCT2 activity with V-9302 resulted in attenuated cancer cell growth and proliferation, increased cell death, and increased oxidative stress, which collectively contributed to antitumor responses in vitro and in vivo (Schulte et al. 2018)
• A multi-hierarchical approach reveals d-serine as a hidden substrate of sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters.
  Wiriyasermkul, eLife 2024
  • “...Abundance in sham * Increased Slc7a1/Cat1 Q09143 0.8 0.12 1.3 0.01 1 131 2.6E+06 Slc1a5/Asct2 P51912 0.4 0.10 0.7 0.09 4 767 1.5E+07 Decreased Slc36a1/Pat1 Q8K4D3 1.2 0.08 1.0 0.12 3 103 5.4E+06 Slc2a5/Glut5 Q9WV38 1.2 0.01 0.8 0.04 2 1,140 6.5E+07 Slco4c1/Oatp-m1 Q8BGD4 1.1 0.00...”
• Neuropilin-1 is present on Foxp3+ T regulatory cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and mediates immunity against skin transplantation.
  Campos-Mora, Journal of extracellular vesicles 2022
  • “...protein 1binding protein 3 Q3TEA8 Alpha2HSglycoprotein P29699 Protein ITPRID2 Q922B9 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) P51912 60S ribosomal protein L24 Q8BP67 Perilipin1 Q8CGN5 Histone H2AX P27661 60S ribosomal protein L27a P14115 Receptortype tyrosineprotein phosphatase C P06800 Leukosialin P15702 ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial Q03265 Lysosomal acid...”
• Time-gated Raman spectroscopy and proteomics analyses of hypoxic and normoxic renal carcinoma extracellular vesicles.
  Samoylenko, Scientific reports 2021
  • “...0.007324 O35566 CD151 antigen 17.939 0.006981 P11688 Integrin alpha-5 18.084 0.006795 Q8R3G9 Tetraspanin-8 18.9 0.005814 P51912 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) 18.985 0.005573 P14094 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 19.265 0.005442 We conclude that EVs released by cells cultured under hypoxia are enriched with membrane-bound proteins known...”
• Comparative Proteomic Analysis of tPVAT during Ang II Infusion.
  Liang, Biomedicines 2021
  • “...6 homolog P97952 SCN1B Sodium channel subunit beta-1 Q9CRB8 MTFP1 Mitochondrial fission process protein 1 P51912 SLC1A5 Neutral amino acid transporter B (0) Q99MS7 EHBP1L1 EH domain-binding protein 1-like protein 1 Q8BPB5 EFEMP1 EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 Q61029 TMPO Lamina-associated polypeptide 2, isoforms beta/delta/epsilon/gamma...”
• PAX2 promotes epithelial ovarian cancer progression involving fatty acid metabolic reprogramming.
  Feng, International journal of oncology 2020
  • “...Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial 1.91 Up 0.0376 Q8QZR5 Gpt Alanine aminotransferase 1 1.91 Up 0.0204 P51912 Slc1a5 Aaat, Asct2, Slc1a7 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) 1.00 - 0.8484 Up, upregulated. Table V Association of enzymes of fatty acid catabolism with the duration of the progression-free survival...”
• Proteomic Analysis of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Treated with Insulin and TNF-α.
  Chan, Proteomes 2019
  • “...Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 Mpc1 4.3 10 7 P12265 Beta-glucuronidase Gusb 0.00006079 + + + P51912 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) Slc1a5 0.00009307 O08749 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mito. Dld 0.0001839 + + + P52927 High mobility group protein HMGI-C Hmga2 0.0002093 + Q8CCH2 NHL repeat-containing protein 3...”
• Subproteomic profiling of sarcolemma from dystrophic mdx-4cv skeletal muscle.
  Murphy, Data in brief 2018
  • “...46.0 1.42E-03 3.0 Q8BT35 4 SV Uncharacterized protein LINC00116 homolog 1 1 48.4 1.11E-05 3.0 P51912 Slc1a5 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) 1 1 61.7 3.15E-05 3.0 Q3TL44 Nlrx1 NLR family member X1 1 1 58.5 8.72E-05 2.9 O08529 Capn2 Calpain-2 catalytic subunit 1 1 53.8...”
• Evolutionary constraints of phosphorylation in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and mitochondria
  Gnad, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2010
  • “...IPI00378438 P55288 P99027 Q9JLR9 Q8K1Z0 Q922R8 P54310 P51912 Q8K0D5 P09470 Q8BGV8 P63038 Q9CPQ3 Q8CCJ3-3 Q9D8T7 O55022 P59017 P50136 P35486 Q5ND52 Q3UHX2...”
• More

Q9ESU7 Amino acid transporter from Mus musculus
NP_033227 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) from Mus musculus
43% identity, 87% coverage

• Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Mouse Decidual Cells Carry Critical Information for the Establishment of Pregnancy
  Ma, Endocrinology 2022
  • “...factor beta-2 proprotein 8.16E+04 5.44E+05 6.6657 Slc1a5 Q9ESU7 Amino acid transporter 1.05E+05 1.36E+06 6.5537 Hsp90ab1 P11499 Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta...”
• Maternal High Fat Diet and in-Utero Metformin Exposure Significantly Impact upon the Fetal Renal Proteome of Male Mice.
  Nüsken, Journal of clinical medicine 2019
  • “...E2 Z <0.05 2.4 0 3 Ube2z Q9WVL0 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase <0.05 1.8 0 3 Gstz1 Q9ESU7 Amino acid transporter <0.05 1.5 3 3 Slc1a5 E9PZY8 Protein virilizer homolog <0.05 2.1 3 0 Virma Q4VA93 Protein kinase C <0.05 3.0 3 0 Prkca Q9CQZ6 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]...”
• Proteomic analysis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes having a higher cell proliferation rate after treatment with low-molecular-weight silk fibroin peptides
  Huang, Cell proliferation 2010 (secret)
• Loss of RACK1 promotes glutamine addiction via activating AKT/mTOR/ASCT2 axis to facilitate tumor growth in gastric cancer.
  Chen, Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 2024 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Loss of RACK1 promotes glutamine addiction via activating AKT/mTOR/ASCT2 axis to facilitate tumor growth in gastric cancer.
• The YBX3 RNA-binding protein posttranscriptionally controls SLC1A5 mRNA in proliferating and differentiating skeletal muscle cells.
  Awad, The Journal of biological chemistry 2024
  • GeneRIF: The YBX3 RNA-binding protein posttranscriptionally controls SLC1A5 mRNA in proliferating and differentiating skeletal muscle cells.
• Inhibition of Mettl3 ameliorates osteoblastic senescence by mitigating m6A modifications on Slc1a5 via Igf2bp2-dependent mechanisms.
  Liu, Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 2024 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Inhibition of Mettl3 ameliorates osteoblastic senescence by mitigating m6A modifications on Slc1a5 via Igf2bp2-dependent mechanisms.
• Circ_0000069 contributes to the growth, metastasis and glutamine metabolism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) via regulating miR-125a-5p-dependent SLC1A5 expression.
  Yang, Transplant immunology 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Circ_0000069 contributes to the growth, metastasis and glutamine metabolism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) via regulating miR-125a-5p-dependent SLC1A5 expression.
• TRIM6 Reduces Ferroptosis and Chemosensitivity by Targeting SLC1A5 in Lung Cancer.
  Zhang, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2023
  • GeneRIF: TRIM6 Reduces Ferroptosis and Chemosensitivity by Targeting SLC1A5 in Lung Cancer.
• LncRNA SLC1A5-AS/MZF1/ASCT2 Axis Contributes to Malignant Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
  Jiang, Discovery medicine 2023 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: LncRNA SLC1A5-AS/MZF1/ASCT2 Axis Contributes to Malignant Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
• Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.
  Wang, Bioscience reports 2022
  • GeneRIF: Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.
• Relationships between Slc1a5 and Osteoclastogenesis.
  Tsumura, Comparative medicine 2021
  • GeneRIF: Relationships between Slc1a5 and Osteoclastogenesis.
• More

XP_001625720 excitatory amino acid transporter 3 from Nematostella vectensis
44% identity, 79% coverage

• Fast neurotransmission related genes are expressed in non nervous endoderm in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
  Oren, PloS one 2014
  • “...[TIGR00894] (6.60e-63) 5 TTACCGGTGTGGAGCGTTGTCG 3 5 CTCGCCCGACGCATTGATTG 3 Glutamate gilial high affinity glutamate transporter AAH37310 XP_001625720 173595 2e-123 SDF [pfam00375] (3.60e-88) 5 GCCGTCAAGCATCATCTGG 3 5 AGGAAATACCAAAGGCTGTGAC 3 Acetylcholine acetylcholinesterase AAI43470 XP_001631073 209664 4e-81 COesterase [pfam00135] (2.26e-124) 5 TTGAGGCACTTTATAACATC 3 5 GCGGTAGTCGGTTCTATG 3 - butyrylcholinesterase 4AQD_A XP_001628409...”
  • “...tested the expression patterns of Nematostella genes related to human glial high affinity glutamate transporter XP_001625720 (NV_173595) and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 XP_001623083 (NV_138860) in adult individuals. Results indicated that both genes were commonly expressed in the endodermal cell layer surrounding the pharynx ( Fig. 3c,...”

Q3UFR4 Amino acid transporter from Mus musculus
43% identity, 87% coverage

• Proteomic Profiling of Purified Rabies Virus Particles.
  Zhang, Virologica Sinica 2020
  • “...4 19.7 2.91E+07 25.35 Membrane, endosomes HAV, HIV 1 , HIV 2 , ASFV, HSV Q3UFR4 SLC1 Amino acid transporter 8 18.9 2.60E+07 58.36 Membrane Q99J93 IFITM Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 2 23.6 2.30E+07 15.74 Membrane Q9D1C8 VPS28 Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog 7 36.7...”
• Regulation of the V-ATPase along the endocytic pathway occurs through reversible subunit association and membrane localization.
  Lafourcade, PloS one 2008
  • “...pep 1 P56564 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 AA transport 150.46 59584 7.21 2 2 Q3UFR4 Neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 AA transport 186.95 58327 6.42 3 3 Q9JKY1 Peroxiredoxin-1 Cell redox homeostasis 45.56 22248 5.45 1 4 Q71FK5 Actin, cytoplasmic 1 (Beta-actin) Cytoskeleton 1034.51 41710...”
  • “...11.6 2 2 Q8VII6 Choline transporter-like protein 1 AA transport 47.02 73043 1.81 1 3 Q3UFR4 Neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 AA transport 174.62 58327 6.42 3 4 P17897 Lysozyme C type P precursor Bacteriolytic 49.06 16783 7.89 1 5 Q920L2 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit...”

AAAT_RABIT / O19105 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0); ATB(0); Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 5 from Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) (see paper)
42% identity, 93% coverage

• function: Sodium-coupled antiporter of neutral amino acids. In a tri- substrate transport cycle, exchanges neutral amino acids between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, coupled to the inward cotransport of at least one sodium ion (By similarity) (PubMed:9227483). The preferred substrate is the essential amino acid L-glutamine, a precursor for biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and amine sugars as well as an alternative fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exchanges L-glutamine with other neutral amino acids such as L-serine, L-threonine and L-asparagine in a bidirectional way. Provides L-glutamine to proliferating stem and activated cells driving the metabolic switch toward cell differentiation (By similarity). The transport cycle is usually pH-independent, with the exception of L- glutamate. Transports extracellular L-glutamate coupled to the cotransport of one proton and one sodium ion in exchange for intracellular L-glutamine counter-ion. May provide for L-glutamate uptake in glial cells regulating glutamine/glutamate cycle in the nervous system (By similarity). Can transport D-amino acids. Mediates D-serine release from the retinal glia potentially affecting NMDA receptor function in retinal neurons (By similarity). Displays sodium- and amino acid-dependent but uncoupled channel-like anion conductance with a preference SCN(-) >> NO3(-) > I(-) > Cl(-) (By similarity). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin-1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70855)
  catalytic activity: L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70887)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70863)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70879)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70859)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70891)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70867)
  catalytic activity: L-valine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-valine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70871)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-methionine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-methionine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70875)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-glutamate(out) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-glutamate(in) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70883)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75307)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75311)
  catalytic activity: nitrate(in) = nitrate(out) (RHEA:34923)
  catalytic activity: iodide(out) = iodide(in) (RHEA:66324)
  catalytic activity: thiocyanate(in) = thiocyanate(out) (RHEA:75347)
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...398 449 406 415 396 407 400 412 425 O19105 O15758 P51912 P43007 O35874 AF003006 P51906 P51907 O95135 P31597 P43005 P43003 P46411 P24942 737473 AF018256 O35544...”

F1RM08 Amino acid transporter from Sus scrofa
XP_003127286 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) isoform X1 from Sus scrofa
43% identity, 87% coverage

• Mammary tissue proteomics in a pig model indicates that dietary valine supplementation increases milk fat content via increased de novo synthesis of fatty acid.
  Che, Food science & nutrition 2021
  • “....025 Energy production and conversion A0A287AKR7 Uncharacterized protein HSPA14 5.20 .035 Energy production and conversion F1RM08 Amino acid transporter SLC1A5 2.77 .009 Energy production and conversion A0A076JA52 NADHubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 ND1 2.24 .013 Energy production and conversion A0EPJ2 NADHubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 ND3 2.13 .008...”
• Dynamic membrane proteome of adipogenic and myogenic precursors in skeletal muscle highlights EPHA2 may promote myogenic differentiation through ERK signaling
  Zhang, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2019
  • “...Fatty acid desaturase 1 0.77 3 F1RW78 SSR1 Signal sequence receptor subunit 1 0.75 1 F1RM08 SLC1A5 Amino acid transporter (solute carrier family 1 member 5) 0.74 9 E7CXS1 VLDLR Very LDL receptor 0.73 1 I3LHM1 GRIA2 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 ( 2) 0.71 3 Q19KI0...”
• Leucine stimulates ASCT2 amino acid transporter expression in porcine jejunal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways.
  Zhang, Amino acids 2014 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Leucine up-regulated the expression of ASCT2 through transcriptional and translational regulation by ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation.
• Expression of cationic amino acid transporters, carcass traits, and performance of growing pigs fed low-protein amino acid-supplemented versus high protein diets.
  Morales, Genetics and molecular research : GMR 2013 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Changes in the expression of b(0,+) and CAT-1 in pigs fed on amino acid supplemented versus high proteins diets.

Smp_016600 putative solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter from Schistosoma mansoni
41% identity, 88% coverage

• The Schistosoma mansoni genome encodes thousands of long non-coding RNAs predicted to be functional at different parasite life-cycle stages
  Vasconcelos, Scientific reports 2017
  • “...coding for membrane and/or secreted proteins, such as: fibrillin 2 (Smp_001100), solute carrier family 1 (Smp_016600), sodium dependent glucose transporter 1 (Smp_139150), transmembrane protein 26 (Smp_026670), transmembrane protein 231 (Smp_081720), fras1 related extracellular matrix protein (Smp_149390), protocadherin 9 (Smp_151620), surface membrane antigen (Smp_195180) and saposin B...”
  • “...proteins, respectively, of which several are shared with SmLINC01637-IBu as negatively correlated (Smp_001100, Smp_016490.1, Smp_016490.2, Smp_016600, Smp_031430, Smp_081720, Smp_139150, Smp_141180, Smp_149390 and Smp_195180). Other interesting mRNAs are also listed on the r 0.5 set from SmLINC04271-IBu, such as SPARC protein (Smp_171780), PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC3 (Smp_170870),...”
• Transcriptome analysis of Schistosoma mansoni larval development using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE)
  Taft, Parasitology 2009
  • “...CATGTTATGTATTGTTATTTT 0 0013 001 0006 Smp_153500 tyrosine protein kinase, putative CATGCTCACAATTTTTTTTGT 0 0013 0003 0006 Smp_016600 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter, putative CATGAACCCCTTATGTATTTT 0009 003 0007 0011 Smp_022090 ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1, putative CATGGCTGGGGAATATAAATA 0019 0071 0049 0023 Smp_135690 hypothetical protein CATGTTTTTGTTGTGAAAAAA 0028...”

I1T7F1 Amino acid transporter from Rattus norvegicus
52% identity, 63% coverage

• Comparative analysis of hippocampal extracellular space uncovers widely altered peptidome upon epileptic seizure in urethane-anaesthetized rats
  Tukacs, Fluids and barriers of the CNS 2024
  • “...another amino acid transporter were also found, it is a protein without a gene name: I1T7F1. I1T7F1 [216] and [491499] were selected; these peptides correspond to N- and C-terminal of the protein, respectively. Two additional peptides were found: selenoprotein V [205212] (Selenov) and Fga [228239]. Hence,...”

Q59GB0 Amino acid transporter (Fragment) from Homo sapiens
90% identity, 36% coverage

• Protein coalitions in a core mammalian biochemical network linked by rapidly evolving proteins.
  Ainali, BMC evolutionary biology 2011
  • “...here are: pyruvate carrier (Q4A5HQ1), isocitrate dehydrogenase NAD+ beta (O43837), phosphate carrier (Q00325), aspartate/glutamate carrier (Q59GB0) and ATP/ADP carrier (P12236). This set was then augmented by an additional 19 human proteins, NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (9 components), ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (4 components), manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase 2 (3 components),...”

NP_001277163 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) from Felis catus
42% identity, 89% coverage

• Characterization of feline ASCT1 and ASCT2 as RD-114 virus receptor.
  Shimode, The Journal of general virology 2013 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: We confirmed that two feline sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters (ASCTs), fASCT1 and fASCT2, function as RD-114 virus receptors.[ASCT1, ASCT2]

NP_001271379 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) from Canis lupus familiaris
K7ZSN9 Amino acid transporter from Canis lupus familiaris
42% identity, 92% coverage

• Canine ASCT1 and ASCT2 are functional receptors for RD-114 virus in dogs.
  Yoshikawa, The Journal of general virology 2012 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The authors identified canine ASCT1 and ASCT2, sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters, as RD-114 virus receptors.
• Exosome proteomes reveal glycolysis-related enzyme enrichment in primary canine mammary gland tumor compared to metastases.
  Kim, Proteome science 2024
  • “...743690 E2RIV1 512410 423300 486070 256670 1099800 916880 E2R9V0 502890 695160 815220 279860 385450 398390 K7ZSN9 501380 491710 552950 969680 4137500 3926700 F1Q0B0 496720 396630 415610 264870 936450 908380 E2RS49 490560 418990 479260 325600 365120 405910 J9NWL5 481200 640900 626440 1135100 1072800 955370 CON__Q3ZBS7 479910 644920...”

AAAT_BOVIN / Q95JC7 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0); ATB(0); Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 5 from Bos taurus (Bovine) (see paper)
NP_777026 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) from Bos taurus
43% identity, 88% coverage

• function: Sodium-coupled antiporter of neutral amino acids. In a tri- substrate transport cycle, exchanges neutral amino acids between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, coupled to the inward cotransport of at least one sodium ion (By similarity) (PubMed:11997120). The preferred substrate is the essential amino acid L-glutamine, a precursor for biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and amine sugars as well as an alternative fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exchanges L-glutamine with other neutral amino acids such as L-serine, L-threonine and L-asparagine in a bidirectional way. Provides L-glutamine to proliferating stem and activated cells driving the metabolic switch toward cell differentiation (By similarity). The transport cycle is usually pH-independent, with the exception of L- glutamate. Transports extracellular L-glutamate coupled to the cotransport of one proton and one sodium ion in exchange for intracellular L-glutamine counter-ion. May provide for L-glutamate uptake in glial cells regulating glutamine/glutamate cycle in the nervous system (By similarity). Can transport D-amino acids. Mediates D-serine release from the retinal glia potentially affecting NMDA receptor function in retinal neurons (By similarity). Displays sodium- and amino acid-dependent but uncoupled channel-like anion conductance with a preference SCN(-) >> NO3(-) > I(-) > Cl(-) (By similarity). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin-1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70855)
  catalytic activity: L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70887)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70863)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70879)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70859)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70891)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70867)
  catalytic activity: L-valine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-valine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70871)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-methionine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-methionine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70875)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-glutamate(out) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-glutamate(in) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70883)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75307)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75311)
  catalytic activity: nitrate(in) = nitrate(out) (RHEA:34923)
  catalytic activity: iodide(out) = iodide(in) (RHEA:66324)
  catalytic activity: thiocyanate(in) = thiocyanate(out) (RHEA:75347)
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• ASCT2 Is Involved in SARS-Mediated β-Casein Synthesis of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells with Methionine Supply.
  Dai, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2020 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: ASCT2 Is Involved in SARS-Mediated beta-Casein Synthesis of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells with Methionine Supply.
• Characterization of paucibacillary ileal lesions in sheep with subclinical active infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
  Pisanu, Veterinary research 2018
  • “...Metallothionein-1C 2.44 2.35 2.43 b P83095 LACTB Serine beta-lactamase-like protein LACTB 2.44 1.39 b 3.23 Q95JC7 SLC1A5 Neutral amino acid transporter B (0) 2.43 2.05 b 2.72 P55156 MTTP Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit 2.37 3.45 1.56 a Q2YDN6 RPF2 Ribosome production factor 2 homolog...”

Q8K3F0 Amino acid transporter from Rattus norvegicus
44% identity, 86% coverage

• A systematic review and meta-analysis of proteomic and metabolomic alterations in anaphylaxis reactions.
  Gallizzi, Frontiers in immunology 2024
  • “...the differentially expressed proteins of the strong anaphylactic groups. They are (Gtf2h1), (Hccs), (Pdha1l1), and Q8K3F0 (UniProtKB unreviewed/TrEMBL). ( 30 ) in vivo animal model studies Yubin, X. 2015 China Plasma Xuesaitong injection (XSTI) n=8 and n=8 (biological replicate) n=8 and n=8 (biological replicate) To evaluated...”
  • “...anaphylactoid reactions of these cells. These proteins include A0A0G2JWQ0 (Gtf2h1), D3ZL85 (Hccs), D4A5G8 (Pdha1l1), and Q8K3F0 (UniProtKB unreviewed/TrEMBL) ( 30 ). 3.1.2 Meta-analysis of proteome data Only the four human studies were included in this analysis ( 24 27 ). 118 proteins with different significant levels...”
• Anaphylactic Rare Saponins Separated from Panax notoginseng Saponin and a Proteomic Approach to Their Anaphylactic Mechanism.
  Hao, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2022
  • “...cyclic compounds. Four proteins in RBL-2H3 cells with the accession numbers A0A0G2JWQ0, D3ZL85, D4A5G8, and Q8K3F0 were identified as crucial proteins in the anaphylactic process. This research will help traditional Chinese medicine injection manufacturers strengthen their quality control and ensure the safety of anaphylactic saponins. Standardization...”
  • “...of the strong anaphylactic groups (gyp-LXXV groups and noto-T5 groups), namely, A0A0G2JWQ0, D3ZL85, D4A5G8, and Q8K3F0, all of which were downregulated proteins and not included in the differentially expressed proteins of the other 4 groups ( Figure 5(b) ). This result indicated that these 4 proteins...”

AAAT_HUMAN / Q15758 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0); ATB(0); Baboon M7 virus receptor; RD114/simian type D retrovirus receptor; Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 5 from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 13 papers)
TC 2.A.23.3.3 / Q15758 Broad-specificity amino acid:Na+ symporter, LAT1, M7V1, RDR, RDRC or SLC1A5 (transports most neutral, zwitterionic and dibasic amino acids either uptake or bidirectional transport) (Scalise et al. 2018). Required for intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila (Wieland et al., 2005). SLC7A5 with accessory protein SLC3A2 (the heavy chain; TC# 8.A.9.2.2) mediates bidirectional transport of amino acids and regulates mTOR and autophagy from Homo sapiens (Human) (see 13 papers)
SLC1A5 / RF|NP_005619.1 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) from Homo sapiens (see paper)
43% identity, 88% coverage

• function: Sodium-coupled antiporter of neutral amino acids. In a tri- substrate transport cycle, exchanges neutral amino acids between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, coupled to the inward cotransport of at least one sodium ion (PubMed:17094966, PubMed:23756778, PubMed:26492990, PubMed:29872227, PubMed:34741534, PubMed:8702519). The preferred substrate is the essential amino acid L- glutamine, a precursor for biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and amine sugars as well as an alternative fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exchanges L-glutamine with other neutral amino acids such as L-serine, L-threonine and L-asparagine in a bidirectional way. Provides L-glutamine to proliferating stem and activated cells driving the metabolic switch toward cell differentiation (PubMed:23756778, PubMed:24953180). The transport cycle is usually pH-independent, with the exception of L-glutamate. Transports extracellular L-glutamate coupled to the cotransport of one proton and one sodium ion in exchange for intracellular L-glutamine counter-ion. May provide for L-glutamate uptake in glial cells regulating glutamine/glutamate cycle in the nervous system (PubMed:32733894). Can transport D-amino acids. Mediates D-serine release from the retinal glia potentially affecting NMDA receptor function in retinal neurons (PubMed:17094966). Displays sodium- and amino acid-dependent but uncoupled channel-like anion conductance with a preference SCN(-) >> NO3(-) > I(-) > Cl(-) (By similarity). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin-1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (PubMed:10708449, PubMed:23492904).
  function: (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for Feline endogenous virus RD114.
  function: (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for Baboon M7 endogenous virus.
  function: (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for type D simian retroviruses.
  catalytic activity: L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70855)
  catalytic activity: L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70887)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70863)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70879)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70859)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70891)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70867)
  catalytic activity: L-valine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-valine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70871)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-methionine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-methionine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70875)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-glutamate(out) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-glutamate(in) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70883)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75307)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75311)
  catalytic activity: nitrate(in) = nitrate(out) (RHEA:34923)
  catalytic activity: iodide(out) = iodide(in) (RHEA:66324)
  catalytic activity: thiocyanate(in) = thiocyanate(out) (RHEA:75347)
  subunit: Homotrimer (Probable) (PubMed:29872227). Interacts with ERVH48-1/suppressyn; may negatively regulate syncytialization (PubMed:23492904).
• substrates: Amino acids, Thyroid hormones, thyroid hormone derivatives
  tcdb comment: LAT1 is the sole transport competent subunit of the heterodimer (Napolitano et al. 2015). l-Leucine inhibits uptake of LAT1 substrates as well as cell growth, and it potentiates the efficacy of bestatin and cisplatin, even at low concentrations (25 muM) (Huttunen et al. 2016). Transports certain thyroid hormones and their derivatives (Krause and Hinz 2017). It interacts with scaffold proteins and is glycosylated on two asn residues, N163 and N212. Also serves as the receptor by a group of retroviruses (Estrach et al. 2014). LAT1 is the sole transport competent subunit of the heterodimer (Napolitano et al. 2015). l-Leucine inhibits uptake of LAT1 substrates as well as cell growth, and it potentiates the efficacy of bestatin and cisplatin, even at low concentrations (25 muM) (Huttunen et al. 2016). Transports certain thyroid hormones and their derivatives (Krause and Hinz 2017). It interacts with scaffold proteins and is glycosylated on two asn residues, N163 and N212. Also serves as the receptor by a group of retroviruses (Scalise et al. 2018)
• Proteomics and Bioinformatics Investigations Link Overexpression of FGF8 and Associated Hub Genes to the Progression of Ovarian Cancer and Poor Prognosis.
  Kumar, Biochemistry research international 2024
  • “...in FGF8-silenced cells Q14192 Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 0.092226 3.4387 0.0057078 Q15758 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) 0.11727 3.0921 0.0018211 O43852 Calumenin 0.13294 2.9112 0.045015 A0MZ66 Shootin-1 0.13587 2.8797 0.0049367 Q9NUQ6 SPATS2-like protein 0.1427 2.809 0.00074072 P61803 Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharideprotein glycosyltransferase subunit DAD1 0.15084...”
• Surfaceome Profiling of Cell Lines and Patient-Derived Xenografts Confirm FGFR4, NCAM1, CD276, and Highlight AGRL2, JAM3, and L1CAM as Surface Targets for Rhabdomyosarcoma
  Timpanaro, International journal of molecular sciences 2023
  • “...PE = 1 SV = 2 8.23 10 8 1.60 10 9 0.962 17 66 Q15758 SLC1A5 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) OS = Homo sapiens OX = 9606 GN = SLC1A5 PE = 1 SV = 2 5.35 10 8 4.48 10 8 0.254 17...”
• Transporter proteins knowledge graph construction and its application in drug development.
  Chen, Computational and structural biotechnology journal 2023
  • “...protein 1 (MATE1) P33527 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) O15439 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4) Q15758 Alanine/serine/cysteine/threonine transporter 2 (ASCT2) Q9NVC3 Putative sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 7 (SNAT7) Q4U2R8 Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) O15245 Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) Q9Y6L6 Organic anion transporting polypeptide...”
• Antitumor activity of a lectibody targeting cancer-associated high-mannose glycans
  Oh, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 2022 (secret)
• Ellagic Acid Triggers the Necrosis of Differentiated Human Enterocytes Exposed to 3-Nitro-Tyrosine: An MS-Based Proteomic Study
  Díaz-Velasco, Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2022
  • “...Neutral amino acid transporter B (0) SLC1A5 0.005 2.22 Sodium-dependent amino acids transporter including glutamine Q15758 U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C SNRPC - 3-NT Component of the spliceosome P09234 CD2 antigen cytoplasmic tail-binding protein 2 CD2BP2 - 3-NT Involved in pre-mRNA splicing O95400 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell...”
• Identification of metastasis-associated exoDEPs in colorectal cancer using label-free proteomics
  Liu, Translational oncology 2022
  • “...protein Rab-10 RAB10 20.5 22.541 0.260031307 0.0027144 P13987 CD59 glycoprotein CD59 29.6 11.985 0.274520883 0.000113 Q15758 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) SLC1A5 25.9 56.583 0.275747651 7.5488E-05 Q9UHD8 Septin-9 Septin-9 22 23.971 0.279355157 0.00055609 P12814 Alpha-actinin-1 ACTN1 50.4 103.06 0.286041695 0.00051225 J3KPF3 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain...”
• Getting to know each other: PPIMem, a novel approach for predicting transmembrane protein-protein complexes
  Khazen, Computational and structural biotechnology journal 2021
  • “...: fx1 Q9NY15 ( STAB1 ) Stabilin 1; O14494 ( PLPP1 ) Phospholipid phosphatase 1; Q15758 ( SLC1A5 ) Solute carrier family 1 member 5 or Neutral amino acid transporter B(0); Q9NPY3 ( CD93 ) Complement component C1q receptor. In support of the proposed subnetwork, we...”
• Counteracting the Ramifications of UVB Irradiation and Photoaging with Swietenia macrophylla King Seed
  Mahendra, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2021
  • “...1-like 1 (F8W020) N/S N/S 1.00:1.35 () N/S N/S 114 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) (Q15758) N/S N/S 1.00:1.38 () N/S 1.00:0.48 () 115 LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP-1) (A8K1D2) N/S N/S 1.00:1.36 () N/S N/S 116 Polyubiquitin-C (F5GYU3) N/S N/S N/S 1.00:0.56 ()...”
• More

Q71UA6 Amino acid transporter from Homo sapiens
43% identity, 88% coverage

• Pharmacoproteomic analysis reveals that metapristone (RU486 metabolite) intervenes E-cadherin and vimentin to realize cancer metastasis chemoprevention
  Yu, Scientific reports 2016
  • “...clone NT2RP2005752 7 0.53* 137 175 25 B4DSG5 cDNA FLJ56149 5 0.525* 138 893 24.8 Q71UA6 Neutral amino acid transporter 10 0.499* 139 179 15.8 A8K6H9 cDNA FLJ75876 5 0.486* 140 198 28.6 Q9NRX5 Serine incorporator 1 4 0.442* 141 125 18.8 B4DIB1 cDNA FLJ55065 5...”

Q8R462 Amino acid transporter (Fragment) from Rattus norvegicus
60% identity, 48% coverage

• Proteomic Analysis of the Amygdala Reveals Dynamic Changes in Glutamate Transporter-1 During Progression of Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Pain Aversion.
  Wu, Molecular neurobiology 2023
  • “...1.94767651 0.667735825 F1M378 Protein unc-13 homologue A Protein unc-13 A/B/C Synaptic vesicle cycle 1.265864023 0.737587245 Q8R462 Glutamate transporter splice variant GLT1a Solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Glutamatergic synapse 2.214674084 0.401431656 D4A2Z8 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 36...”
  • “...2 and day 15 groups, including Q641Y7, D4A7X5, Q8R4T5, D4ADD7, A0A0G2JTL7, M0RCA3, D3ZGY4, M0R6D6, F1M378, Q8R462, D4A2Z8, Q3KRE3, and Q6IFV3 (Table 3 ). These DEPs were involved in glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic synapses, morphine addiction, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, as well as dopaminergic and serotonergic synapses. We...”
• Continuous High Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation of the Rat Anterior Insula Attenuates the Relapse Post Withdrawal and Strengthens the Extinction of Morphine Seeking.
  Chang, Frontiers in psychiatry 2020
  • “...groups of morphine-DBS vs. morphine and morphine vs. saline and 3 out of 8 DEPs (Q8R462, B2RYT9, and O88658) were also identified in the morphine-DBS vs. saline comparison ( Figure 5A ). These eight common DEPs were A0A0G2K526 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G[olf] subunit alpha), A0A0G2K933 (Eukaryotic...”
  • “...(Glutamate-rich WD repeat-containing protein 1), O88658 (Kinesin-like protein KIF1B), Q64350(Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit epsilon), Q8R462 (Amino acid transporter), Q9WTT7 (Basic leucine zipper and W2 domain-containing protein 2) ( Table 1 ). Notably, six proteins (A0A0G2K526, B2RYT9, A0A140TAH3, O88658, Q64350, and Q9WTT7) were significantly deceased in...”
• Proteomics analysis of the amygdala in rats with CFA-induced pain aversion with electro-acupuncture stimulation.
  Wu, Journal of pain research 2019
  • “...3.23 1 2 4 681 74.75 D3ZGY4 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 59.46 1 19 1439 333 35.80 Q8R462 Glutamate transporter splice variant GLT1a 33.82 1 12 222 340 36.93 B5DEX7 Cation-transporting ATPase (Fragment) 10.23 10 10 17 1192 131.37 Q5PPJ4 Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase 3.97 1 1 3 302 33.06...”
  • “...(Figure S1). Finally, the changes in the expression of three proteins, D3ZGY4 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH), Q8R462 (glutamate transporter-1, GLT-1), and D3ZQ51 (p21-activated kinase 6, PAK6), were confirmed to be consistent with the results of the proteome. The protein levels of GAPDH ( Figure 6A ), GLT-1...”

6mpbB / Q15758 Cryo-em structure of the human neutral amino acid transporter asct2 (see paper)
44% identity, 85% coverage

• Ligand: glutamine (6mpbB)

AAAT_RAT / D3ZJ25 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0); ATB(0); ASC-like Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2; Insulin-activated amino acid transporter; Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 2 from Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (see paper)
39% identity, 93% coverage

• function: Sodium-coupled antiporter of neutral amino acids. In a tri- substrate transport cycle, exchanges neutral amino acids between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, coupled to the inward cotransport of at least one sodium ion (By similarity) (PubMed:10698697). The preferred substrate is the essential amino acid L-glutamine, a precursor for biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and amine sugars as well as an alternative fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exchanges L-glutamine with other neutral amino acids such as L-serine, L-threonine and L-asparagine in a bidirectional way. Provides L-glutamine to proliferating stem and activated cells driving the metabolic switch toward cell differentiation (By similarity). The transport cycle is usually pH-independent, with the exception of L- glutamate. Transports extracellular L-glutamate coupled to the cotransport of one proton and one sodium ion in exchange for intracellular L-glutamine counter-ion. May provide for L-glutamate uptake in glial cells regulating glutamine/glutamate cycle in the nervous system (By similarity). Can transport D-amino acids. Mediates D-serine release from the retinal glia potentially affecting NMDA receptor function in retinal neurons (By similarity). Displays sodium- and amino acid-dependent but uncoupled channel-like anion conductance with a preference SCN(-) >> NO3(-) > I(-) > Cl(-) (PubMed:10698697). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin- 1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (By similarity).
  catalytic activity: L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70855)
  catalytic activity: L-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70887)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70863)
  catalytic activity: L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70879)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70859)
  catalytic activity: L-asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L- asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70891)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70867)
  catalytic activity: L-valine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-valine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70871)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-methionine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L- glutamine(out) + L-methionine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70875)
  catalytic activity: L-glutamine(in) + L-glutamate(out) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-glutamate(in) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:70883)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75307)
  catalytic activity: D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in) (RHEA:75311)
  catalytic activity: nitrate(in) = nitrate(out) (RHEA:34923)
  catalytic activity: iodide(out) = iodide(in) (RHEA:66324)
  catalytic activity: thiocyanate(in) = thiocyanate(out) (RHEA:75347)
  subunit: Homotrimer.

C9J9N5 Amino acid transporter (Fragment) from Homo sapiens
48% identity, 68% coverage

• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...TM2 A0A7P0T9Z4 123 3 TM6, HP1, HP2 EAA2 (SLC1A1) P43004 (Canonical EAA2) 574 8 Canonical C9J9N5 409 7 TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, HP1 A0A2R8Y642 435 4 TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5 A0A2R8Y4N0 330 5 TM5, TM6, HP1, TM7, HP2 EAA3 (SLC1A2) P43005 (Canonical EAA3) 524...”
  • “...best 5 models per complex, thereby ensuring structural accuracy. The screening analysis indicates that E7EUV6, C9J9N5 and A0A2R8Y642 were good candidates for inhibitions of canonical transporter assemblies, as their heterodimers were ranked similar to canonical dimers (Supplementary Tables S3 , S4 ). Furthermore, the screening analysis...”

NP_477427 excitatory amino acid transporter 2, isoform A from Drosophila melanogaster
42% identity, 86% coverage

• Taurine Transporter dEAAT2 is Required for Auditory Transduction in Drosophila.
  Sun, Neuroscience bulletin 2018
  • GeneRIF: These findings indicate a critical role for Drosophila dEAAT2 in sound transduction by chordotonal neurons
• The Taurine Transporter Eaat2 Functions in Ensheathing Glia to Modulate Sleep and Metabolic Rate.
  Stahl, Current biology : CB 2018 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Dtudy identified Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (Eaat2) and found that its loss from glia, but not neurons, increases sleep. Authors show that Eaat2 is expressed in ensheathing glia, where Eaat2 functions during adulthood to regulate sleep.
• Involvement of the Drosophila taurine/aspartate transporter dEAAT2 in selective olfactory and gustatory perceptions.
  Besson, The Journal of comparative neurology 2011 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Data suggest that EAAT2 functions as a taurine transporter in vivo and is physiologically required for the sensory perception of specific environmental molecules.
• High affinity transport of taurine by the Drosophila aspartate transporter dEAAT2.
  Besson, The Journal of biological chemistry 2005 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Taurine and aspartate are transported with similar K(m) and relative efficacy and behave as mutually competitive inhibitors; dEAAT2 is actually an aspartate/taurine transporter
• Terminal glial differentiation involves regulated expression of the excitatory amino acid transporters in the Drosophila embryonic CNS.
  Soustelle, Developmental biology 2002 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Terminal glial differentiation involves regulated expression of the excitatory amino acid transporters in the Drosophila embryonic CNS.

TC 2.A.23.2.4 / Q8T0S9 Aspartate/taurine (not glutamate):Na+ symporter, dEAAT2 (mediates both uptake and heteroexchange of its two substrates, both dependent on external Na+ (with taurine outside and Asp inside)); L-glutamate is transported with low affinity and efficiency from Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (see 2 papers)
NP_001162844 excitatory amino acid transporter 2, isoform C from Drosophila melanogaster
42% identity, 83% coverage

• substrates: L-glutamate, Na+, Taurine, aspartate
• l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
  Shim, The Biochemical journal 2011
  • “...(NP_004163), Cele glt-1 (NP_001024393), Drer Eaat2 (NP_956273), Mmus Eaat2 (NP_035523), Hsap Eaat2 (NP_004162), Dmel Eaat2 (NP_001162844), Dmel genderblind (NP_651536), Cele aat-1 (NP_501707), Drer SLC7a11-like (XP_001919426), Mmus xCT (NP_036120), Hsap xCT (NP_055146), Dmel l(2)01810 (NP_620115), Dmel VGLUT (NP_608681), Cele eat-4 (NP_499023), Drer SLC17a7 (NP_001092225), Hsap VGLUT1 (NP_064705),...”

NP_786934 neutral amino acid transporter B(0) from Rattus norvegicus
39% identity, 93% coverage

• Interaction of the neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 with basic amino acids.
  Ndaru, The Biochemical journal 2020
  • GeneRIF: Interaction of the neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 with basic amino acids.
• D-Serine Is a Substrate for Neutral Amino Acid Transporters ASCT1/SLC1A4 and ASCT2/SLC1A5, and Is Transported by Both Subtypes in Rat Hippocampal Astrocyte Cultures.
  Foster, PloS one 2016
  • GeneRIF: the selectivity profile of D-serine uptake in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes is consistent with uptake mediated by both ASCT1 and ASCT2. Together these data suggest that SLC1A4 (ASCT1) may represent an important route of Na-dependent D-serine flux in the brain that has the ability to regulate extracellular D-serine and thereby NMDA receptor activity.
• Expression of Glutamate and Glutamine Transporter Proteins in Neurovascular Unit Cells In Vitro.
  Morgun, Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Hypoxic exposure significantly increased SLC1A5 expression in neurovascular unit cells in vitro, but suppressed EAAT2 expression.
• In vivo D-serine hetero-exchange through alanine-serine-cysteine (ASC) transporters detected by microelectrode biosensors.
  Maucler, ACS chemical neuroscience 2013
  • GeneRIF: D-serine heteroexchange through ASC transporters, in particular low affinity ASCT2, is present in vivo and may constitute a key component in the regulation of D-serine extracellular concentration.
• Luminal leptin inhibits L-glutamine transport in rat small intestine: involvement of ASCT2 and B0AT1.
  Ducroc, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 2010
  • GeneRIF: Leptin controls active glutamine entry through reduction of both B(0)AT1 and ASCT2 protein trafficking to the apical plasma membrane and modulation of their gene expression.
• Inactivation by Hg2+ and methylmercury of the glutamine/amino acid transporter (ASCT2) reconstituted in liposomes: Prediction of the involvement of a CXXC motif by homology modelling.
  Oppedisano, Biochemical pharmacology 2010 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: The data demonstrated that the inhibition of ASCT2 by mercury compounds was due to covalent reactions with Cys residue(s) of the transporter.
• Regulation of amino acid/carnitine transporter B 0,+ (ATB 0,+) in astrocytes by protein kinase C: independent effects on raft and non-raft transporter subpopulations.
  Samluk, Journal of neurochemistry 2010 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Basic amino acid transporter is localized in a punctuate manner following phorbol myristate acetate treatment when more pronounced bigger puncta are visible, indicating formation of bigger plasma membrane microdomains or astrocyte intracellular vesicles.
• Underexpression of the Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 in the spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney.
  Pinho, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 2007 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: the activity and expression of the ASCT2 transporter were considerably lower in the spontaneously hypertensive rats
• More

8qrrB / Q15758 Asct2 protomer in lipid nanodiscs with bound glutamine and na+ ions in the outward-facing state (ofs.3) (see paper)
44% identity, 80% coverage

• Ligand: glutamine (8qrrB)

S4RZS9 Amino acid transporter from Petromyzon marinus
48% identity, 70% coverage

• Axonal Ensheathment in the Nervous System of Lamprey: Implications for the Evolution of Myelinating Glia
  Weil, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2018 (secret)

M0QXM4 Amino acid transporter from Homo sapiens
45% identity, 64% coverage

• Influenza A virus propagation requires the activation of the unfolded protein response and the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates
  Marques, iScience 2024
  • “...17,66 P29317 EPHA2 Ephrin type-A receptor 2 15,36 O95831 AIFM1 Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial 15,13 M0QXM4 SLC1A5 Amino acid transporter 14,60 P06821 M2 Matrix protein 2 14.52 O95140 MFN2 Mitofusin-2 13,67 H0Y714 IMP4 U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein IMP4 13,40 P03452 HA Hemagglutinin 13.07 Q8TEM1 NUP210...”
• Influenza A virus activates the unfolded protein response and induces the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates that are essential for efficient viral propagation
  Marques, 2023
• Anemoside B4 inhibits enterovirus 71 propagation in mice through upregulating 14-3-3 expression and type I interferon responses
  Kang, Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2022
  • “...GN = CAPRIN1 PE = 1 SV = 1 0.312360234 0.036091 M0QXM4 Amino acid transporter OS = Homo sapiens GN = SLC1A5 PE = 1 SV = 1 0.330869248 0.025132 Q13501-2 Isoform...”
• DUSP7 inhibits cervical cancer progression by inactivating the RAS pathway.
  Bai, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2021
  • “...K7EK07 H3F3B 2.64 1.64 1.41 H0Y9P9 SRD5A3 0.46 0.51 0.64 Q145202 HABP2 1.42 1.80 1.64 M0QXM4 SLC1A5 0.33 0.26 0.53 P16403 HIST1H1C 8.83 1.54 1.42 P33552 CKS2 0.65 0.62 0.26 Q30167 HLADRB1 1.73 1.67 1.65 Q9UHB64 LIMA1 0.64 0.61 0.63 Q5JSK7 HMGN5 2.07 2.34 1.59 Q15155...”

Q7UV95 Excitatory amino acid transporter from Rhodopirellula baltica (strain DSM 10527 / NCIMB 13988 / SH1)
39% identity, 80% coverage

• Bioinformatic analyses of integral membrane transport proteins encoded within the genome of the planctomycetes species, Rhodopirellula baltica
  Paparoditis, Biochimica et biophysica acta 2014
  • “...Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na+ or H+) Symporter (DAACS) Family 2.A.23.2.10 Q10901 9 amino acids amino acid Q7UV95 11 2.A.25 Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter (AGCS) Family 2.A.25.1.3 Q6LX42 11 amino acids alanine:Na+ symporter Q7UKE2 12 2.A.27 Glutamate:Na+Symporter (ESS) Family 2.A.27.2.1 B1XKD9 11 amino acids glutamate:sodium Q7UGS6 12 2.A.33...”

H0Y7R2 Amino acid transporter (Fragment) from Homo sapiens
50% identity, 42% coverage

• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...330 5 TM5, TM6, HP1, TM7, HP2 EAA3 (SLC1A2) P43005 (Canonical EAA3) 524 8 Canonical H0Y7R2 242 2 TM5, TM6 1 The Uniprot entry ID of the isoform (only included isoforms that have length between 15 and 85% of the canonical sequence). Isoforms that are excluded...”
  • “...TM5) of canonical EAA2. The A0A2R8Y4N0 isoform conserves the C-termini, further incorporating TM5 helices. The H0Y7R2 isoform of EAA3 retains the TM5 and TM6 domains of the canonical transporter. The variations in R oot M ean S quare D eviation (RMSD) values among the isoforms of...”

YP_001473092 excitatory amino acid transporter from Shewanella sediminis HAW-EB3
35% identity, 77% coverage

• Shewanella spp. genomic evolution for a cold marine lifestyle and in-situ explosive biodegradation
  Zhao, PloS one 2010
  • “...+ YP_001675528, 6399 + + YP_001476116, + + neurotransmitter YP_001675407, 6136 + Eexcitatory amino acid YP_001473092 + + proline YP_001674892 + YP001475470 + + dicarboxylate YP_001673007, 3467, 3772, 3827 + YP_001673866, 2587 + + YP_001673465 + + YP_001673061, 3630, 5246 + + YP_001472601 + + pantothenate...”

Q99NG1 Amino acid transporter (Fragment) from Mus musculus
61% identity, 31% coverage

• Proteomic Analysis of Dynein-Interacting Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Synaptosomes Reveals Alterations in the RNA-Binding Protein Staufen1.
  Gershoni-Emek, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2016

ABO_1478 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter family protein from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
33% identity, 81% coverage

• Genome sequence of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis
  Schneiker, Nature biotechnology 2006
  • “...for Na + /alanine ( dagA , ABO_0618), Na + /sulfate (ABO_0929), Na + /glutamate (ABO_1478 and ABO_1616, see above) as well as several other Na + -dependent symporters (ABO_0344, ABO_1913, ABO_2155, ABO_2158, ABO_2678). The A. borkumensis SK2 genome encodes diverse and alternative systems for the...”
  • “...as osmoprotectants. Accordingly, and in addition to the uptake systems for glutamate ( glt P, ABO_1478, glt S, ABO_1616) and choline/betaine (ABO_0232, ABO_0637 and ABO_0808), the A. borkumensis SK2 genome contains the genetic determinants for the biosynthesis of glutamate ( glt A, ABO_1501, glt B, ABO_2229,...”

Sama_1319 symporter for L-glutamate, L-glutamine, and L-aspartate from Shewanella amazonensis SB2B
40% identity, 50% coverage

• mutant phenotype: Specifically important for utilization of L-glutamate or L-glutamine as carbon sources or L-aspartate as a nitrogen source. Glutamine is probably cleaved by a cytoplasmic glutaminase (Sama_2487), so glutamine is probably a substrate.

YP_001673061 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter from Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4
36% identity, 60% coverage

• Shewanella spp. genomic evolution for a cold marine lifestyle and in-situ explosive biodegradation
  Zhao, PloS one 2010
  • “...+ + dicarboxylate YP_001673007, 3467, 3772, 3827 + YP_001673866, 2587 + + YP_001673465 + + YP_001673061, 3630, 5246 + + YP_001472601 + + pantothenate YP_001674802 + multiple solutes YP_001672900 + nucleosides, 2 YP_001672959, 5694 + + SSS superfamily solute YP_001473556 + sulfate YP_001472104 + Na +...”

A3DPQ3 Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter from Staphylothermus marinus (strain ATCC 43588 / DSM 3639 / JCM 9404 / F1)
32% identity, 85% coverage

• A facile approach for the in vitro assembly of multimeric membrane transport proteins
  Riederer, eLife 2018
  • “...) CLC-ec1 10.1085/jgp.200308935 Uniprot ID: P37019 Gene ( Staphylothermus marinus ) GltSm 10.1111/febs.12105 Uniprot ID: A3DPQ3 Recombinant DNA reagent pBCH/G4-GltPh 10.1038/nature03018 Recombinant DNA reagent pET-VcINDY 10.1038/nature11542 Recombinant DNA reagent pASK-CLC-ec1 10.1085/jgp.200308935 Recombinant DNA reagent pBAD-GltSm This study GltSm from the GltSm-GFP fusion gene (ref: 10.1111/febs.12105) was...”

SO_1948 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter family protein from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
39% identity, 54% coverage

• The Small RNA RyhB Is a Regulator of Cytochrome Expression in Shewanella oneidensis
  Meibom, Frontiers in microbiology 2018
  • “...surface decaheme cytochrome c component MtrC 2.24 1.2E-06 0.66 2.87E-02 1.58 1.05E-04 0.74 2.64E-02 IIa SO_1948 Glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter GltP 1.13 1.6E-07 0.57 3.08E-04 0.56 4.37E-04 0.81 1.19E-05 IIa SO_2879 N-acetylglucosamine/uracil transporter UraA 1.20 1.6E-08 0.78 5.50E-06 0.42 1.35E-03 0.36 4.47E-03 IIa SO_3099 Outer membrane long-chain fatty...”

NP_001180422 neutral amino acid transporter A isoform 2 from Homo sapiens
57% identity, 26% coverage

• A rare cause of microcephaly, thin corpus callosum and refractory epilepsy due to a novel SLC1A4 gene mutation.
  Sarigecili, Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2022 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: A rare cause of microcephaly, thin corpus callosum and refractory epilepsy due to a novel SLC1A4 gene mutation.
• Retromer- and WASH-dependent sorting of nutrient transporters requires a multivalent interaction network with ANKRD50.
  Kvainickas, Journal of cell science 2017
  • GeneRIF: ANKRD50 simultaneously engages multiple parts of the SNX27-retromer-WASH complex machinery in a direct and co-operative interaction network that is needed to efficiently recycle the nutrient transporters
• Phenylglycine analogs are inhibitors of the neutral amino acid transporters ASCT1 and ASCT2 and enhance NMDA receptor-mediated LTP in rat visual cortex slices.
  Foster, Neuropharmacology 2017 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Results suggest that ASCT1/2 may play an important role in regulating extracellular d-serine and NMDA receptor-mediated physiological effects and that ASCT1/2 inhibitors have the potential for therapeutic benefit.
• Novel European SLC1A4 variant: infantile spasms and population ancestry analysis.
  Conroy, Journal of human genetics 2016 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: SLC1A4 deficiency should not be considered a population-specific disorder, and all patients with unexplained severe neurodevelopmental delay and the features outlined should be investigated regardless of ethnicity, as there are no known metabolic markers of this potentially treatable condition.
• A homozygous mutation in SLC1A4 in siblings with severe intellectual disability and microcephaly.
  Srour, Clinical genetics 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: SLC1A4 disruption may impair brain development and function by decreasing the levels of L-serine in neurons. The identification of additional families with mutations in SLC1A4 would be necessary to confirm its involvement in intellectual disability.
• Mutations in SLC1A4, encoding the brain serine transporter, are associated with developmental delay, microcephaly and hypomyelination.
  Damseh, Journal of medical genetics 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: ASCT1 is essential in brain serine transport.
• SLC1A4 mutations cause a novel disorder of intellectual disability, progressive microcephaly, spasticity and thin corpus callosum.
  Heimer, Clinical genetics 2015 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: SLC1A4 is the disease causing gene of a novel neurologic disorder manifesting with significant intellectual disability, severe postnatal microcephaly, spasticity and thin corpus callosum.
• Na+ interactions with the neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1.
  Scopelliti, The Journal of biological chemistry 2014
  • GeneRIF: Na+ interactions with the neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1.
• More

ACIAD3230 putative Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Acinetobacter sp. ADP1
44% identity, 45% coverage

• Natural transformation facilitates transfer of transposons, integrons and gene cassettes between bacterial species
  Domingues, PLoS pathogens 2012
  • “...permease ( Figure 1A ). In transformant SD1, the integron-containing transposon had inserted into gene ACIAD3230, encoding a putative proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein ( Figure 1B ). Whole-genome sequence analysis of A. baylyi transformant (St)3 revealed that the integron had transferred as part of a Tn 21...”
  • “...numbers The reference numbers for genes mentioned in the text include: ACIAD0480 (2881081), ACIAD1773 (2878997), ACIAD3230 (2879415), ACIADtRNASer_34 (2877868) aadA2 486S (5741162), ampC (2880712), dfrA12 (5741160), intI1 (11934322) recA (2879476), recB (2879477), recC (2879478), recD (2879479), lrp (2878604), sbcC (2879936), sbcD (2879937), 16S rRNA (2880271) GeneID...”

YP_001472601 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter from Shewanella sediminis HAW-EB3
35% identity, 60% coverage

• Shewanella spp. genomic evolution for a cold marine lifestyle and in-situ explosive biodegradation
  Zhao, PloS one 2010
  • “...3772, 3827 + YP_001673866, 2587 + + YP_001673465 + + YP_001673061, 3630, 5246 + + YP_001472601 + + pantothenate YP_001674802 + multiple solutes YP_001672900 + nucleosides, 2 YP_001672959, 5694 + + SSS superfamily solute YP_001473556 + sulfate YP_001472104 + Na + /H + antiporter or exchanger...”

VIBR0546_12042 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Vibrio brasiliensis LMG 20546
38% identity, 52% coverage

• Effects of NaCl Concentration on the Behavior of Vibrio brasiliensis and Transcriptome Analysis
  Hu, Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 2022
  • “...brasiliensis cultured in 0% NaCl medium. Gene Name Gene Description FC Log2FC p Value Regulate VIBR0546_12042 proton/glutamate symporter 5.165 2.369 1.15 10 13 up nhaA pH-dependent sodium/proton antiporter 3.672 1.877 1.61 10 12 up VIBR0546_00894 NptA protein 11.824 3.564 5.86 10 12 up VIBR0546_21825 putative outer...”
  • “...3.93 10 19 down VIBR0546_00270 universal stress protein UspE 0.221 2.179 3.5 10 15 down VIBR0546_12042 proton/glutamate symporter 0.230 2.123 8.13 10 15 down VIBR0546_09484 outer membrane protein OmpA 0.232 2.110 1.90 10 13 down VIBR0546_10579 universal stress protein UspB 0.249 2.005 1.88 10 11 down...”

OSU_1542 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Vibrio cholerae PS15
36% identity, 53% coverage

• Comparative genome analysis of non-toxigenic non-O1 versus toxigenic O1 Vibrio cholerae.
  Mukherjee, Genomics discovery 2014
  • “...permease component VC_0590 Q9KUD2 OSU_0545 L1R0T8 Proton/glutamate symport protein / Sodium/glutamate symport protein VC_A0088 Q9KN77 OSU_1542 L1QY02 NADH dehydrogenase, putative VC_1581 Q9KRQ5 OSU_1036 L1R051 Na + /H + antiporter, putative VC_0389 Q9KUX0 OSU_1443 L1QY90 Cytochrome b561, putative VC_A0249 Q9KMS1 OSU_0494 L1R0V0 Osmosensitive K + channel histidine...”

pc1785 putative proton/sodium-glutamate symporter from Parachlamydia sp. UWE25
30% identity, 78% coverage

• The alternative translational profile that underlies the immune-evasive state of persistence in Chlamydiaceae exploits differential tryptophan contents of the protein repertoire
  Lo, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2012
  • “...CT231 1.16 1.15 0.51 0.76 3.39 1.27 3.43 PC1598 PC0622 PC1785 PC1734 1.17 1.35 0.42 0.84 PC0767 PC1260 0.22 2.84 Escherichia coli Gene p/P Trp ratio b1630 2.43...”

BLi00536 putative protein from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13
30% identity, 81% coverage

• RNA-Seq of Bacillus licheniformis: active regulatory RNA features expressed within a productive fermentation
  Wiegand, BMC genomics 2013
  • “...-regulatory element NPKM value* BLi_r0085 210580 210926 347 thrZ T-box 1966 BLi_r0356 542296 542520 225 BLi00536 ydaO-yuaA leader 1368 BLi_r0498 712264 712587 324 yybP yybP-ykoY leader 1144 BLi_r0691 942026 942290 306 thiC TPP 5030 BLi_r0744 998913 999033 121 glpD 5693 BLi_r0943 1207762 1207542 180 yitJ SAM...”

GLRG_04076 Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter family protein from Colletotrichum graminicola M1.001
29% identity, 77% coverage

• A Colletotrichum graminicola mutant deficient in the establishment of biotrophy reveals early transcriptional events in the maize anthracnose disease interaction
  Torres, BMC genomics 2016
  • “...[ 7 , 11 ]. Among the late genes were two glutamate importers (GLRG_03954 and GLRG_04076), suggesting increased availability of this preferred nitrogen source after induction of host cell death. Availability of preferred carbon sources is also indicated by a significant decrease in the expression of...”

VCA0088 proton/glutamate symporter from Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar eltor str. N16961
Q9KN77 Proton/glutamate symporter from Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 (strain ATCC 39315 / El Tor Inaba N16961)
38% identity, 49% coverage

• Chromosomal Position of Ribosomal Protein Genes Affects Long-Term Evolution of Vibrio cholerae
  Larotonda, mBio 2023
  • “...10 NS VC2707 Unknown 1, 9, 12 NS VCA0044 (pseudogene) Diguanylate cyclase 8, 12 NS VCA0088 (pseudogene) Proton/glutamate symporter 6, 7, 12 NS VCA0168 (pseudogene) BatD family protein 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 VCA0354 (pseudogene) DedA family protein 6, 9, 12 Intergenic...”
• Comparative genome analysis of non-toxigenic non-O1 versus toxigenic O1 Vibrio cholerae.
  Mukherjee, Genomics discovery 2014
  • “...system, permease component VC_0590 Q9KUD2 OSU_0545 L1R0T8 Proton/glutamate symport protein / Sodium/glutamate symport protein VC_A0088 Q9KN77 OSU_1542 L1QY02 NADH dehydrogenase, putative VC_1581 Q9KRQ5 OSU_1036 L1R051 Na + /H + antiporter, putative VC_0389 Q9KUX0 OSU_1443 L1QY90 Cytochrome b561, putative VC_A0249 Q9KMS1 OSU_0494 L1R0V0 Osmosensitive K + channel...”

QR722_RS10460 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Aliiglaciecola sp. LCG003
37% identity, 52% coverage

• The Phylogeny and Metabolic Potentials of a Lignocellulosic Material-Degrading <i>Aliiglaciecola</i> Bacterium Isolated from Intertidal Seawater in East China Sea
  Zhang, Microorganisms 2024
  • “...acids, e.g., lactate permease (QR722_RS12480), cation/acetate symporter (QR722_RS15990) and dicarboxylate/amino acid: cation symporter (QR722_RS09570 and QR722_RS10460). Our culture experiments confirmed that strain LCG003 could grow with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source ( Figure 4 ). In addition, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a microbial bioprocessed polyester...”

Psest_4075 symporter for L-glutamate, L-glutamine, and L-proline from Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2
37% identity, 55% coverage

• mutant phenotype: Specifically important for utilization of L-glutamate, L-glutamine, or L-proline as carbon soruces. Glutamine is probably cleaved by a cytoplasmic glutaminaes (Psest_4081), so glutamine is probably a substrate. Mildly detrimental during tyrosine utilization, so tyrosine might also be a substrate.

A0J47_RS06610 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
36% identity, 54% coverage

• Low salinity activates a virulence program in the generalist marine pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
  Barca, mSystems 2023
  • “...nucleoside CNT transporter 9.46 3.24 7.88E-273 ChrII A0J47_RS13535 Magnesium transporter MgtE 5.35 2.42 3.37E-182 ChrI A0J47_RS06610 Na+/H+-dicarboxylate symporter 7.76 2.96 1.58E-55 ChrI A0J47_RS10440 Na+-driven multidrug efflux pump (MATE) 6.13 2.62 1.92E-152 ChrI A0J47_RS15280 MFS transporter 32.63 5.03 0 ChrII A0J47_RS08650 MFS transporter 17.63 4.14 0 ChrI...”

TON_0901 proton/glutamate symporter from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1
29% identity, 84% coverage

• Adaptive evolution of a hyperthermophilic archaeon pinpoints a formate transporter as a critical factor for the growth enhancement on formate
  Jung, Scientific reports 2017
  • “...hypothetical proteins (TON_0618, TON_1084, TON_1641, TON_RS08535) and noncoding regions between amino-acid transporter and biotin-protein ligase (TON_0901 -TON_0902) and between a hypothetical protein and peptide transporter (TON_1668 -TON_1669) (Table 2 ). To determine the time of mutation for each mutation during the adaption period, we determined the...”
  • “...insertion Frame shift Hypothetical protein TON_1561 G510 insertion Frame shift F 420 -reducing hydrogenase subunit TON_0901 -0902 A deletion at 832564 b between amino acid transporter and biotin-protein ligase TON_1668 - 1669 C to A at 1532991 b between hypothetical protein and peptide transporter a All...”

all0342 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120
29% identity, 78% coverage

• Amino Acid Transporters and Release of Hydrophobic Amino Acids in the Heterocyst-Forming Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120
  Pernil, Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2015
  • “...hydrophobic amino acid ABC-type transporter that is mainly involved in the uptake of glycine. ORF all0342 encodes a putative transporter from the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) family whose inactivation resulted in an increased uptake of a broad range of amino acids. An assay to study amino...”
  • “...concentrations [ 35 ]. 2.2. Plasmid Construction and Genetic Procedures For inactivation of alr2536 , all0342 , and alr3429 , internal fragments of 552 bp, 596 bp, and 469 bp, respectively, were amplified by PCR using DNA from strain PCC 7120 as a template and primers...”

IL1037 Na+/H+ - glutamate/aspartate symport protein from Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR
36% identity, 53% coverage

• Genome sequence of the deep-sea gamma-proteobacterium Idiomarina loihiensis reveals amino acid fermentation as a source of carbon and energy
  Hou, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004
  • “...symporter (IL1268), Na glutamate symporter (IL0983 and IL1037), Nauridine symporter, and several other predicted Na-dependent permeases (IL0272, IL1178, IL1275,...”
  • “...copies of the GltP-like glutamate transporters (IL0983, IL1037, and IL2299), and two paralogous BetT-type cholinebetaine transporters (IL1418 and IL2388)....”

CH_124149 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 from Magnaporthe grisea 70-15 (see paper)
28% identity, 78% coverage

wcw_1731 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Waddlia chondrophila WSU 86-1044
30% identity, 75% coverage

• Regulatory (pan-)genome of an obligate intracellular pathogen in the PVC superphylum
  de, The ISME journal 2016
  • “...Transcriptional regulator of heat shock gene hrcA ++++ wcw_1705 Predicted ATPase or kinase wcw_1705 +++ wcw_1731 Na+/H+-dicarboxylate symporters gltT ++++ wcw_1924 Secreted protein ++++ wcw_1931 Cell division protein FtsI/penicillin-binding protein 2 ftsI +++ Abbreviations: ChIP-Seq, chromatin-immunoprecipitation-sequencing; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay. ++++ for completely shifted at...”

LHK_02672 Proton/glutamate symporter from Laribacter hongkongensis HLHK9
37% identity, 48% coverage

• Environmental adaptability and stress tolerance of Laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis
  Lau, Cell & bioscience 2011
  • “...glutamate uptake - CV1105 NMB0085 NGO1890 Proton glutamate symport protein - Hydrogen and glutamate uptake LHK_02672 CV1198 CV3409 - - Proline/betaine transproter proP Proline, glycine betaine and ectoine uptake LHK_02126 CV1299 CV2901 - - ABC-type proline/glycine betaine transport systems, ATPase proV Proline and glycine betaine uptake...”

Q5JID0 Proton/glutamate symporter, SDF family from Thermococcus kodakarensis (strain ATCC BAA-918 / JCM 12380 / KOD1)
TK0986 proton/glutamate symporter, SDF family from Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1
37% identity, 51% coverage

• Binding and transport of D-aspartate by the glutamate transporter homolog Glt_Tk
  Arkhipova, eLife 2019
  • “...type (species) or resource Designation Source or reference Identifiers Additional information Gene TK0986 UniProt database Q5JID0 Strain, strain background ( E. coli ) MC1061 Casadaban and Cohen, 1980 Biological sample ( Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1) ATCC BAA-918/JCM 12380/KOD1 Recombinant DNA reagent pBAD24-Glt Tk -His8 Jensen et al.,...”
• Binding and transport of D-aspartate by the glutamate transporter homolog Glt_Tk
  Arkhipova, eLife 2019
  • “...resources table Reagent type (species) or resource Designation Source or reference Identifiers Additional information Gene TK0986 UniProt database Q5JID0 Strain, strain background ( E. coli ) MC1061 Casadaban and Cohen, 1980 Biological sample ( Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1) ATCC BAA-918/JCM 12380/KOD1 Recombinant DNA reagent pBAD24-Glt Tk -His8...”

5e9sA / Q5JID0 Crystal structure of substrate-bound glutamate transporter homologue glttk (see paper)
37% identity, 51% coverage

• Ligands: aspartic acid; sodium ion; decyl-beta-d-maltopyranoside (5e9sA)

WP_047132975 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Staphylococcus condimenti
36% identity, 50% coverage

• Complete Genome Sequence and Comparative Analysis of Staphylococcus condimenti DSM 11674, a Potential Starter Culture Isolated from Soy Sauce Mash
  Dong, Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 2017
  • “...prk12657 WP_047132562 98 Monovalent cation/H + antiporter subunit F prk10429 WP_047131598 477 Melibiose/sodium symporter sdf WP_047132975 426 Na + /dicarboxylate symporter alsT WP_047131152 487 Na + /alanine symporter alsT WP_047131695 548 Na + /alanine symporter yuiF WP_047132905 438 Na + /proton antiporter nhaP WP_047131353 679 Na...”

D2S321 Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter from Haloterrigena turkmenica (strain ATCC 51198 / DSM 5511 / JCM 9101 / NCIMB 13204 / VKM B-1734 / 4k)
39% identity, 47% coverage

• A genome scan in families from Australia and New Zealand confirms the presence of a maternal susceptibility locus for pre-eclampsia, on chromosome 2.
  Moses, American journal of human genetics 2000

GLT_PYRHO / O59010 Glutamate transporter homolog; Glt(Ph); Sodium-aspartate symporter Glt(Ph); Sodium-dependent aspartate transporter from Pyrococcus horikoshii (strain ATCC 700860 / DSM 12428 / JCM 9974 / NBRC 100139 / OT-3) (see 9 papers)
TC 2.A.23.1.5 / O59010 Archaeal aspartate transporter, Gltph (GltPh) (3-D structure known; 3V8F and 3V8G) (Boudker et al., 2007; Yernool et al., 2004). Cotransports aspartate with 2 Na+ (Ryan et al., 2009) or 3 Na+ (Groeneveld and Slotboom, 2010) or 1Na+ plus 1 H+ plus 1 K+ from Pyrococcus horikoshii (see 2 papers)
NP_143181 proton glutamate symport protein from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3
WP_010885380 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Pyrococcus horikoshii
38% identity, 49% coverage

• function: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates aspartate uptake (PubMed:17230192, PubMed:17435767, PubMed:19380583, Ref.11). Has only very low glutamate transport activity (PubMed:17230192, PubMed:19380583). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions, resulting in electrogenic transport (PubMed:17435767, PubMed:19380583, Ref.11). Na(+) binding enhances the affinity for aspartate (PubMed:19380583, Ref.11). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:17435767). In contrast to mammalian homologs, transport does not depend on pH or K(+) ions (PubMed:19380583).
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• substrates: anions (channel function), aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: Reyes et al. (2009) have solved the structure of the inward facing state by cysteine crosslinking. The loop between TMSs 3 and 4 plays an essential role in transport (Compton et al., 2010). Gltph shows opposite movement of the external gate upon binding cotransported sodium compared with substrate (Focke et al., 2011). The transport pathway and the conformational changes involved have been suggested based on modeling studies (Stolzenberg et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2018). Individual transport domains may alternate between periods of quiescence and periods of rapid transitions. The switch to the dynamic mode may be due to separation of the transport domain from the trimeric scaffold which precedes domain movements across the bilayer (Akyuz et al. 2013). This spontaneous dislodging of the substrate-loaded transport domain is approximately 100-fold slower than subsequent transmembrane movements and may be rate determining in the transport cycle. Interactions between the transporter and specific lipids in artificial membranes have revealed effects on activity, and mechanisms have been proposed (McIlwain et al. 2015). The system can also function as an anion channel (Machtens et al. 2015)
• Evolutionary analysis reveals the origin of sodium coupling in glutamate transporters.
  Reddy, bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024
  • “...manually curated to exclude sequences with major gaps or insertions. Archaeal Glt Ph (UniProt ID O59010) was included to be the tree root. The final sequence set (1,153 sequences) was aligned by MAFFT-DASH, which incorporates information from PDB structures into the alignment matrix ( 76 )....”
• A facile approach for the in vitro assembly of multimeric membrane transport proteins
  Riederer, eLife 2018
  • “...Source or reference Identifiers Additional information Gene ( Pyrococcus horikoshii ) GltPh 10.1038/nature03018 Uniprot ID: O59010 Gene ( Vibrio cholerae ) VcINDY 10.1038/nature11542 Uniprot ID: Q9KNE0 Gene ( Escherichia coli ) CLC-ec1 10.1085/jgp.200308935 Uniprot ID: P37019 Gene ( Staphylothermus marinus ) GltSm 10.1111/febs.12105 Uniprot ID: A3DPQ3...”
• Molecular mechanisms involved in the side effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: a structural phenomics approach to proteome-wide cellular off-target deconvolution and disease association.
  Dider, NPJ systems biology and applications 2016
  • “...1.24E4 7.6 Multidrug resistance protein 1A 4M1M P21447 57.41 4.72E4 7.5 Glutamate symport protein 2NWL O59010 55.90 8.00E4 8.0 Acetylcholine receptor 4BOR P02711, Q6S3H8, Q6S3H9, Q6S3I0 55.71 8.56E4 8.0 Cytochrome C oxidase 1V54 P00396, P00415, P00423, P00426, P00428, P00429, P00430, P04038, P07470, P07471, P10175, P13183, P68530...”
• Leucine 434 is essential for docosahexaenoic acid-induced augmentation of L-glutamate transporter current
  Takahashi, The Journal of biological chemistry 2023
  • “...are contained within the manuscript. GenBank No. Transporter Accession numbers EAAT1 D26443.1 EAAT2 D85884.1 Gltph NP_143181 Protein Data Bank (PDB) No. Transporter Accession numbers EAAT1 5LLM Gltph 2NWX Supporting information This article contains supporting information ( 41 , 58 , 59 ). Conflicts of interest The...”
• Position of the third Na+ site in the aspartate transporter GltPh and the human glutamate transporter, EAAT1
  Bastug, PloS one 2012
  • “...(NP_004163.3), hEAAT2 (NP_004162.2), hEAAT3 (NP_004161.4); hEAAT4 (NP_005062.1); hEAAT5 (NP_006662.3); hASCT1 (NP_003029.2); Pyrococcus horikoshii Glt Ph (NP_143181); Escherichia coli GltP Ec (EGT70436.1); Bacillus stearothermophilus GltT Bs (P24943.1). Red shading indicates the residues that form the Na3 site, grey shading indicates conserved residues and black shading indicates residues...”
• Binding thermodynamics of a glutamate transporter homolog.
  Reyes, Nature structural & molecular biology 2013
  • GeneRIF: Authors show that the chemical potential of sodium ions in solution is exclusively coupled to substrate binding and release, not to substrate translocation.

PAP_03785 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Palaeococcus pacificus DY20341
40% identity, 43% coverage

• Metabolic Adaptation to Sulfur of Hyperthermophilic Palaeococcus pacificus DY20341^T from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Sediments
  Zeng, International journal of molecular sciences 2020
  • “...system (PAP_00150-00170; PAP_06335-06355), branched-chain amino acid ABC transporter (LivKGFHM, PAP_03900-03925), and some amino acid permease (PAP_03785; PAP_05545; PAP_06890; PAP_06940; PAP_09570) were downregulated ( Table S2 ). The results showed that cells decreased the active transport of peptides and amino acids. The oxidation of amino acids involves...”

SXYL_02518 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Staphylococcus xylosus
28% identity, 80% coverage

• Insight into the Genome of Staphylococcus xylosus, a Ubiquitous Species Well Adapted to Meat Products
  Leroy, Microorganisms 2017
  • “...arcB ), SXYL_02488 ( arcC ), SXYL_00769 (arg ), SXYL_00290-97 ( ureDGFECBA ) Glutamate catabolism SXYL_02518 ( gltT ) , SXYL_01964 ( gluD1 ) , SXYL_02326 ( gluD2 ) , SXYL_02459-61 ( gltBCD ) , SXYL_00105-108 In red, genes overexpressed in a meat model. microorganisms-05-00052-t003_Table 3...”
• Adaptation of Staphylococcus xylosus to Nutrients and Osmotic Stress in a Salted Meat Model
  Vermassen, Frontiers in microbiology 2016
  • “...lysP Lysine-specific permease 7.1 6.9 4.5 SXYL_01528 Sodium:alanine symporter 5.11 SXYL_01919 Sodium:alanine symporter 0.45 2.78 SXYL_02518 gltT Proton/sodium-glutamate symporter 2.3 Peptidase SXYL_01247-48 U32 family peptidases 5.8 * 4.5 * 3.2 * SXYL_00957 ampS Leucyl aminopeptidase 3.4 2.7 2.2 SXYL_00948 map Methionine aminopeptidase 3.0 3.0 2.0 Valine,...”

6x15A / O59010 Inward-facing state of the glutamate transporter homologue gltph in complex with l-aspartate and sodium ions (see paper)
38% identity, 47% coverage

• Ligands: sodium ion; aspartic acid; [(2~{r})-1-[2-azanylethoxy(oxidanyl)phosphoryl]oxy-3-hexadecanoyloxy-propan-2-yl] (~{z})-octadec-9-enoate (6x15A)

AL538_RS03900 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Vibrio harveyi
28% identity, 79% coverage

• Analysis of Vibrio harveyi adaptation in sea water microcosms at elevated temperature provides insights into the putative mechanisms of its persistence and spread in the time of global warming
  Montánchez, Scientific reports 2019
  • “...2 AL538_RS23680 Enoyl-CoA hydratase 2.034 2.947 2.470 2 AL538_RS27060 Beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase 1.347 2.564 2.983 3 AL538_RS03900 Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase 1.815 2.683 2.368 3 Acetyl-CoA-dependent metabolism AL538_RS14965 Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein 1.663 2.943 2.801 3 AL538_RS04550 Bifunctional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol Dehydrogenase 1.470 3.161 2.871 3 AL538_RS08465 Acetyl-CoA synthetase 1.601...”

HWX41_RS16800 glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter GltP from Bacillus paramycoides
27% identity, 80% coverage

• Genomic Analysis of Endophytic Bacillus cereus T4S and Its Plant Growth-Promoting Traits
  Adeleke, Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 2021
  • “...Nif U HWX41_RS22890 nif Flavodoxin HWX41_RS17075 Nitrogen metabolism glt P glutamate/aspartate: proton symporter Glt P HWX41_RS16800 glt X GlutamatetRNA ligase HWX41_RS26220 glnR transcriptional repressor Gln R HWX41_RS05880 gln A gln H type I glutamateammonia ligase/glutamine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein Gln H HWX41_RS05885 HWX41_RS23555 Nitrogen regulation nad...”
  • “...HWX41_RS13665 Ammonia assimilation glt X glutamate-tRNA ligase HWX41_RS26220 glt P glutamate/aspartate: proton symporter Glt P HWX41_RS16800 plants-10-01776-t003_Table 3 Table 3 Genes Involved in Phosphate Solubilization and Transport. Pathway Gene Product Locus Tag Degradation of phosphonates phn C phn F phosphonate transport system ATP-binding phosphonate metabolism transcriptional...”

CT_401 sodium:dicarboxylate symport protein from Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3/CX
CT401 Glutamate Symport from Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3/CX
36% identity, 48% coverage

• Comprehensive Flux Modeling of Chlamydia trachomatis Proteome and qRT-PCR Data Indicate Biphasic Metabolic Differences Between Elementary Bodies and Reticulate Bodies During Infection
  Yang, Frontiers in microbiology 2019
  • “...both glutamine and glutamate from the host cell. Interestingly, three glutamate-related transporters, CT_216, CT_230 and CT_401 are encoded in the genome, and both CT_216 and CT_401 are expressed in the protein level ( stergaard et al., 2016 ). However, glutamine transporters are not confirmed yet. Fragmented...”
  • “...transporter, and then converts glutamine to glutamate by enzymes? Three glutamate transporters (CT_216, CT_230 and CT_401) are encoded in the genome ( stergaard et al., 2016 ). Iliffe-Lee and McClarty (2000) observed the glutamate transporter gltT (CT_401) in Ct s carbon metabolism, however, transport of glutamine...”
• Combination of compound screening with an animal model identifies pentamidine to prevent Chlamydia trachomatis infection
  Knapp, Cell reports. Medicine 2024
  • “...IgG AF680 Invitrogen Cat # A-21058; RRID: AB_2535724 Bacterial and virus strains CTL2P-pGFP:pSW2 Chlamydia Biobank CT401 Ct serovars L2 DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture GmBH DSM 19102 Ct serovars E DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture GmBH DSM 19131 Ct serovars F DSMZ-German...”
• Beyond Tryptophan Synthase: Identification of Genes That Contribute to Chlamydia trachomatis Survival during Gamma Interferon-Induced Persistence and Reactivation
  Muramatsu, Infection and immunity 2016
  • “...CTL0402 CTL0658 CTL0694b CTL0737 CT789 CT871 CT56 CT97 CT147 CT401 CT435 CT476 groEL trpB ftsW cpa gatC pmpG nusA gltT CT195 CT463 Ref., reference amino acid;...”
• The alternative translational profile that underlies the immune-evasive state of persistence in Chlamydiaceae exploits differential tryptophan contents of the protein repertoire
  Lo, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2012
  • “...gene CT857 2.50 Na-dependent transporter genes CT409 CT435 CT401 CT230 CT204 CT554 CT231 1.16 1.15 0.51 0.76 3.39 1.27 3.43 PC1598 PC0622 PC1785 PC1734...”
• Chlamydia trachomatis lacks an adaptive response to changes in carbon source availability
  Nicholson, Infection and immunity 2004
  • “...following: CT544 uhpC, a glucose phosphate transporter; CT401 gltT, a glutamate transporter; CT204 sodTi, a dicarboxylate translocator which takes up...”
  • “...http://iai.asm.org/ on February 11, 2017 by University of California, Berkeley CT042 CT084 CT129 CT204 CT216 CT230 CT290 CT401 CT544 CT576 CT613 CT798 Change in...”
• Sodium ion cycle in bacterial pathogens: evidence from cross-genome comparisons
  Häse, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2001
  • “...(CT692 and CPn0680), the glutamate transporter GltS (CT401 and CPn0528), ADP/ ATP translocase (CT065, CT495, CPn0351, and CPn0614), amino...”

CTL0658 Sodium:dicarboxylate symport protein from Chlamydia trachomatis 434/Bu
36% identity, 48% coverage

• Genomewide Transcriptional Responses of Iron-Starved Chlamydia trachomatis Reveal Prioritization of Metabolic Precursor Synthesis over Protein Translation
  Brinkworth, mSystems 2018
  • “...Nutrient transport A0A0H3MG71 CTL0486 CTL0486 1.77 3.48E3 Putative membrane transport protein Nutrient transport A0A0H3MBY7 gltT CTL0658 1.85 3.07E3 Sodium:dicarboxylate symport protein Nutrient transport A0A0H3MCC1 smpB CTL0332 1.88 0.01 SsrA-binding protein Translation A0A0H3MBC6 aroA CTL0620 1.91 1.85E4 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase Energy metabolism B0B7T5 CTL0132 CTL0132 1.92 3.03E3 UPF0109-containing...”
• Beyond Tryptophan Synthase: Identification of Genes That Contribute to Chlamydia trachomatis Survival during Gamma Interferon-Induced Persistence and Reactivation
  Muramatsu, Infection and immunity 2016
  • “...945 238 105 296 CTL0157 CTL0250 CTL0312 CTL0352 CTL0402 CTL0658 CTL0694b CTL0737 CT789 CT871 CT56 CT97 CT147 CT401 CT435 CT476 groEL trpB ftsW cpa gatC pmpG...”

ABBFA_003105 Proton glutamate symport protein (Glutamate-aspartate carrierprotein) from Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294
26% identity, 78% coverage

• Identification and characterization of a glycosyltransferase involved in Acinetobacter baumannii lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis
  Luke, Infection and immunity 2010
  • “...lpsB (locus tag ABBFA_003104), and gltP (locus tag ABBFA_003105); the numbers indicate the genomic coordinates (NCBI accession number CP001172) (1). The arrows...”

VC1168 proton/glutamate symporter from Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar eltor str. N16961
27% identity, 78% coverage

• Differences in gene expression between the classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1
  Beyhan, Infection and immunity 2006
  • “...VCA0759 (artI), a periplasmic arginine binding protein; VC1168 (gltP-1) that encodes a proton/glutamate symporter; VC1658 (sdaC-2), a serine transporter;...”

DV527_RS05020 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus
36% identity, 47% coverage

• Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant Staphylococcus saprophyticus Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp
  Jo, Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 2022
  • “...all the genes encoding symporters and antiporters, except sodium/glutamate symporter (DV527_RS02905) and dicarboxylate/amino acid symporter (DV527_RS05020), was downregulated. The transporter mediating the uptake of dicarboxylate/amino acid is known for the uptake of succinate, fumarate, and l -malate in bacteria [ 28 ]. The expression of genes...”
  • “...mechanosensitive channel protein MscL 1.98 4.73 2.75 Symporter DV527_RS02905 gltS Sodium/glutamate symporter 0.67 1.68 1.02 DV527_RS05020 Dicarboxylate/amino acid: cation symporter 0.47 2.04 1.57 DV527_RS04605 putP Sodium/proline symporter PutP 3.66 4.06 0.40 DV527_RS07535 Alanine:cation symporter family protein 0.49 1.72 1.23 Na + /H + antiporter DV527_RS09405 mnhB1...”

QR722_RS09570 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Aliiglaciecola sp. LCG003
33% identity, 48% coverage

• The Phylogeny and Metabolic Potentials of a Lignocellulosic Material-Degrading <i>Aliiglaciecola</i> Bacterium Isolated from Intertidal Seawater in East China Sea
  Zhang, Microorganisms 2024
  • “...of carboxylic acids, e.g., lactate permease (QR722_RS12480), cation/acetate symporter (QR722_RS15990) and dicarboxylate/amino acid: cation symporter (QR722_RS09570 and QR722_RS10460). Our culture experiments confirmed that strain LCG003 could grow with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source ( Figure 4 ). In addition, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a microbial...”

CPE0947 probable transmembrane symporter from Clostridium perfringens str. 13
34% identity, 47% coverage

• Transcriptional Regulation of Cysteine and Methionine Metabolism in Lactobacillus paracasei FAM18149
  Wüthrich, Frontiers in microbiology 2018
  • “...T-box leader sequences, T-boxes were aligned to cysteine-specific T-box leader sequences preceding ubiG (cpe0175), cysP1 (cpe0947), cysP2 (cpe0967), and cysK (cpe1322) of Clostridium perfringens strain 13 (Andr et al., 2010 ). The Clustal Omega algorithm was used for the alignments (Sievers et al., 2011 ). The...”
  • “...(B) of L. paracasei FAM18149 with T-boxes of L. rhamnosus (LGG_yxjH) and C. perfringens (cpe0175, cpe0947, cpe0967, and cpe1322). The conserved structural motifs (AGTA box, GNTG box, specifier codon, F-box, and T-box) are highlighted in gray. Invariant nucleotide sites are marked with asteriks. Differential expression analysis...”
• RNA-seq analysis of virR and revR mutants of Clostridium perfringens
  Low, BMC genomics 2016
  • “...The six remaining genes, encoding transporter proteins (encoded by pstC , fruA , nirC and cpe0947 ), a phosphoribosymaninomidazole carboxylase catalytic subunit ( purE ) and a hypothetical protein ( cpe0844 ) (Additional file 2 : Table S2), did not contain upstream VirR boxes. Fig. 1...”
  • “...described [ 22 ]. How VirR positively regulates the remaining five genes ( cpe0844, purE, cpe0947, fruA and pstC ) is still unclear. In a previous study, several virulence-associated genes were found to be under the positive control of the VirSR-VR-RNA cascade during the early- and...”
• Global regulation of gene expression in response to cysteine availability in Clostridium perfringens
  André, BMC microbiology 2010
  • “...) OAS-thiol-lyase 6.86 0.0002 120 cpe0967 Na + -H + /Amino acid symporter 15.53 6.6E-06 cpe0947 Na + -H + /Amino acid symporter 7.01 0.0002 S-box controlled genes cpe2177 ( metK ) SAM-synthase 2.7 0.015 14 cpe2317 probable Na + -H + antiporter 1.4 0.01 Iron...”
  • “...we found genes encoding the serine acetyl-transferase, CysE, the OAS-thiol-lyase, CysK, and two transporters CysP1 (Cpe0947) and CysP2 (Cpe0967) (Fig. 1 and 4 ). T-box motifs are present upstream of cysK , cysP1 and cysP2 [ 42 ]. These T-box regulatory systems are mostly involved in...”

IL0983 Na+/H+ - glutamate/aspartate symport protein from Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR
31% identity, 66% coverage

• Genome sequence of the deep-sea gamma-proteobacterium Idiomarina loihiensis reveals amino acid fermentation as a source of carbon and energy
  Hou, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004
  • “...Naalanine symporter (IL1268), Na glutamate symporter (IL0983 and IL1037), Nauridine symporter, and several other predicted Na-dependent permeases (IL0272,...”
  • “...three copies of the GltP-like glutamate transporters (IL0983, IL1037, and IL2299), and two paralogous BetT-type cholinebetaine transporters (IL1418 and IL2388)....”

GLTT_BACSU / O07605 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein from Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) (see 2 papers)
BSU10220 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168
27% identity, 76% coverage

• function: This carrier protein is part of the Na(+)-dependent, binding- protein-independent glutamate-aspartate transport system.
  subunit: Homotrimer (By similarity). Interacts with FloT (PubMed:23651456).
• The Blueprint of a Minimal Cell: MiniBacillus
  Reuß, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2016
  • “...BSU36880 No No No No No No No No No BSU10220 Transhydrogenation cycle ytsJ malS Pentose phosphate pathway ykgB rpe tkt zwf gndA ywlF ywjH Recycling of acetate...”
• Secondary structural entropy in RNA switch (Riboswitch) identification
  Manzourolajdad, BMC bioinformatics 2015
  • “...0.4395 9028 yosA BSU20190 0.859 37 1097850 1098006 reverse BSU10230 yhfH -191 0.465 79 gltT BSU10220 0.858 38 1467020 1467176 forward BSU13960 ykwC -342 0.414 707 pbpH BSU13980 0.857 39 191850 192006 forward BSU01590 ybaS -12186 0.3057 2277 trnSL-Glu2 BSU_tRNA_75 0.856 40 20723 20879 forward BSU00120...”
  • “...nt 1097850 1098049 reverse BSU10230 yhfH -171 -36.90 - 0.2550 125.4639969 - 0.4450 99 gltT BSU10220 0.8626419306 200 nt 3851617 3851816 reverse BSU37520 ywhD -470 -68.42 - 0.5500 122.7009964 - 0.3000 2099 speE BSU37500 0.8624630570 200 nt 2724828 2725027 reverse BSU26660 yrdN -187 -37.44 - 0.2200...”

GLTT_GEOSE / P24943 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus) (see 3 papers)
TC 2.A.23.1.2 / P24943 Glutamate/aspartate:Na+ + H+ symporter from Bacillus stearothermophilus (see 4 papers)
gltT / GI|143000 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein GltT from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (see 4 papers)
27% identity, 82% coverage

• function: This carrier protein is part of the Na(+)-dependent, binding- protein-independent glutamate-aspartate transport system.
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• substrates: H+, Na+, aspartate, glutamate

GYO_1320 glutamate/proton symporter GltT from Bacillus spizizenii TU-B-10
27% identity, 76% coverage

• Disparate Effects of Two Clerodane Diterpenes of Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.) on Bacillus spizizenii
  Bozsó, International journal of molecular sciences 2024
  • “...of other metabolites. Other down-regulated transporters are amino acid transporters such as glutamate and aspartate (GYO_1320, gltT ), glutamine (GYO_2182, alsT ), lysine (GYO_3644, yvsH ), serine/threonine (GYO_1603, stet ) and isoleucine and valine (GYO_3206, braB ). On the one hand, a decrease in the availability...”

RR42_RS03990 aspartate:proton symporter Glt from Cupriavidus basilensis FW507-4G11
30% identity, 76% coverage

• mutant phenotype: Specifically important for asparagine utilization. Asparagine is probably cleaved in the periplasm (by RR42_RS12610 or RR42_RS26140) and RR42_RS03990 is 60% identical to aspartate transporter AO356_01905 from Pseudomonas fluorescens FW300-N2C3

GLTT_BACCA / P24944 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein from Bacillus caldotenax (see 2 papers)
gltT / GI|143002 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein GltT from Bacillus caldotenax (see 4 papers)
27% identity, 82% coverage

• function: This carrier protein is part of the Na(+)-dependent, binding- protein-independent glutamate-aspartate transport system.
  subunit: Homotrimer.
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...AF018258 O10901 O25605 O21353 O21751 Z99277 O22682 P24944 P24943 Y14083 P21345 P39817 P37312 P50334 S38912 P20672 Q01857 AB001488 Z81451 AE000268 P45079...”

A1S_0429 glutamate:aspartate symport protein (DAACS family) from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
26% identity, 77% coverage

• Insights Into Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii and Implications for Uropathogenesis
  Colquhoun, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2020
  • “...ATCC 17978, A077, A061 Nait Chabane et al., 2014 ; Kentache et al., 2017 gltP A1S_0429 DAACS family glutamate:aspartate symporter 3.04 ATCC 17978 (Rumbo-Feal et al., 2013 ) 3.48 ATCC 17978 Kentache et al., 2017 fepA A1S_0980 ferric enterobacter receptor 4.38 ATCC 17978 (Rumbo-Feal et al.,...”
• Whole transcriptome analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii assessed by RNA-sequencing reveals different mRNA expression profiles in biofilm compared to planktonic cells
  Rumbo-Feal, PloS one 2013
  • “...in stationary cells. Many genes involved in amino acid metabolism and transport (such as A1S_0115, A1S_0429, A1S_1357, A1S_3134, A1S_3185, A1S_3402, A1S_3404, A1S_3405, A1S_3406, A1S_3407, or A1S_3413), or related to iron acquisition and transport (A1S_0653, A1S_0742, A1S_0980, A1S_1631, A1S_1657, A1S_2385, or A1S_2390, encoding a ferrous iron transport...”
  • “...hypothetical protein 23.30 from zero to 27.09 ** A1S_0360 30S ribosomal protein S15 0.74 0.14 A1S_0429 DAACS family glutamate:aspartate symporter 3.04 1.84 A1S_0445 hypothetical protein 0.53 0.14 A1S_0449 coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase 0.16 0.12 A1S_0481 phosphate acetyltransferase 3.92 2.49 A1S_0482 acetate kinase 3.31 0.75 A1S_0496 phosphatidylglycerophosphatase B...”

MA2961 proton/sodium-glutamate symporter from Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A
41% identity, 31% coverage

• The Methanosarcina barkeri genome: comparative analysis with Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei reveals extensive rearrangement within methanosarcinal genomes
  Maeder, Journal of bacteriology 2006
  • “...a gluconate transporter (MA0021) and a dicarboxylate transporter (MA2961). This suggests that M. barkeri has less ability to take up organic compounds than the...”

SO0157 proton/glutamate symporter from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
31% identity, 56% coverage

• Transcriptome analysis reveals a stress response of Shewanella oneidensis deprived of background levels of ionizing radiation
  Castillo, PloS one 2018
  • “...Na-dependent K uptake membrane component 1.25 SO0058 ktrA Na-dependent K uptake NAD binding component 1.15 SO0157 Proton:glutamate symporter DAACS family 1.24 SO0194 Acyl transferase 1.17 SO0455 alpha-ketoglutarate uptake system 1.01 SO0715 sorA SO3 dehydrogenase molybdopterin-binding subunit 1.05 SO0737 nicT TonB-dependent nickel receptor 1.18 SO0760 amt Ammonium...”

Eaat2 / RF|NP_995609.1 GH09856p from Drosophila melanogaster (see paper)
34% identity, 45% coverage

YP_001673866 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter from Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4
32% identity, 49% coverage

• Shewanella spp. genomic evolution for a cold marine lifestyle and in-situ explosive biodegradation
  Zhao, PloS one 2010
  • “...YP_001473092 + + proline YP_001674892 + YP001475470 + + dicarboxylate YP_001673007, 3467, 3772, 3827 + YP_001673866, 2587 + + YP_001673465 + + YP_001673061, 3630, 5246 + + YP_001472601 + + pantothenate YP_001674802 + multiple solutes YP_001672900 + nucleosides, 2 YP_001672959, 5694 + + SSS superfamily solute...”

LMH90_016460 glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter GltP from Enterobacter hormaechei
27% identity, 78% coverage

• Genome Assembly of a Putative Plant Growth-Stimulating Bacterial Sweet Pepper Fruit Isolate, Enterobacter hormaechei SRU4.4
  Mamphogoro, Microbiology resource announcements 2023
  • “...Locus tag Product a Nitrogen metabolism glnS LMH90_013350 Glutamine-tRNA ligase gltX LMH90_013995 Glutamate-tRNA ligase gltP LMH90_016460 Glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter GltP glnA LMH90_017810 Glutamate-ammonia ligase glnH LMH90_018095 Glutamine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein GlnH glnP LMH90_018100 Glutamine ABC transporter permease GlnP glnQ LMH90_018105 Glutamine ABC transporter ATP-binding protein GlnQ...”
  • “...gamma nirD LMH90_003845 Nitrite reductase small subunit NirD Ammonia assimilation gltX LMH90_013995 Glutamate-tRNA ligase gltP LMH90_016460 Glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter GltP Phosphate solubilization phoU LMH90_003490 Phosphate signaling complex protein PhoU ppx LMH90_012150 Exopolyphosphatase Phosphate degradation phnC LMH90_016330 Phosphonate ABC transporter ATP-binding protein phnD LMH90_016335 Phosphonate ABC transporter substrate-binding...”

GltP / b4077 glutamate/aspartate : H⁺ symporter GltP from Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 (see paper)
gltP / P21345 glutamate/aspartate : H⁺ symporter GltP from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 5 papers)
GLTP_ECOLI / P21345 Proton/glutamate-aspartate symporter; Glutamate-aspartate carrier protein; Proton-glutamate-aspartate transport protein from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 5 papers)
TC 2.A.23.1.1 / P21345 Glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter, GltP or GltT; has 8 TMSs with 2 re-entrant loops as for GltPh (TC# 2.A.23.1.5) from Escherichia coli (see 6 papers)
b4077 glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
27% identity, 83% coverage

• function: Catalyzes the proton-dependent, binding-protein-independent transport of glutamate and aspartate.
• substrates: aspartate, glutamate
  tcdb comment: GltP residues involved in substrate binding and transport have been identified, especially in transmembrane helices VII and VIII (Rahman et al. 2016)
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...O25605 O21353 O21751 Z99277 O22682 P24944 P24943 Y14083 P21345 P39817 P37312 P50334 S38912 P20672 Q01857 AB001488 Z81451 AE000268 P45079 P54596 AE001172 P42602...”
• Whole-genome sequencing analysis of two heat-evolved Escherichia coli strains
  McGuire, BMC genomics 2023
  • “...yidP b3684 putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator YidP I 19/238 -nrfG- > / -gltP- > b4076/ b4077 putative formate-dependent nitrite reductase complex subunit NrfG / glutamate/aspartate: H(+) symporter GltP I fimE b4313 regulator for fimA I 166/198 < -mcrB- / < -symE- b4346 / b4347 5-methylcytosine-specific restriction...”
• Transcriptomic analysis of carboxylic acid challenge in Escherichia coli: beyond membrane damage
  Royce, PloS one 2014
  • “...b1661 cfa 0.010 0.110 2.1 Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase b3160 yhbW 0.000 0.015 2.0 Monooxygenase b4077 gltP 0.024 0.213 2.0 Glutamate and aspartate transporter b3458 livK 0.005 0.090 2.0 leucine transporter b1194 ycgR 0.002 0.018 2.0 Flagellar motility b1887 cheW 0.003 0.019 2.0 Flagellar motors b4484...”
• The alternative translational profile that underlies the immune-evasive state of persistence in Chlamydiaceae exploits differential tryptophan contents of the protein repertoire
  Lo, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2012
  • “...b1627 0.85 0.68 b3844 0.84 b0978 b0979 2.30 2.95 b0007 1.93 b4077 0.90 b0770 b0401 2.20 1.20 a Values in bold indicate high p/P Trp ratios. The CT634 gene is a...”

Z4942 uptake of C4-dicarboxylic acids from Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933
ECs4408 uptake of C4-dicarboxylic acids from Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai
25% identity, 78% coverage

• Transcriptomic analysis reveals specific metabolic pathways of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine digestive contents
  Segura, BMC genomics 2018
  • “...Z0901 cydB Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxydase (subunit II) 2.12 1.29E-04 2.37 2.32E-05 NDE NDE NDE Z4942 dctA Aerobic C 4 -dicarboxylates transporter 4.13 1.21E-09 3.91 1.73E-08 3.35 1.60E-06 3.65 1.29E-07 2.11 3.99E-03 Z5743 dcuA Anaerobic C 4 -dicarboxylates transporter 3.21 2.46E-08 2.51 2.73E-05 2.12 5.02E-04 NDE...”
• The gluconeogenesis pathway is involved in maintenance of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine intestinal content
  Bertin, PloS one 2014
  • “...5.74 7.3E-04 Z3497 glpQ Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2.38 3.8E-02 Z3498 glpT Glycerol-3-phosphate permease 2.10 5.1E-02 C4-dicarboxylates Z4942 dctA Aerobic uptake of C4 dicarboxylates and aspartate 5.07 1.4E-03 L lactate Z5032 lldD L-lactate dehydrogenase 2.34 8.1E-03 Z5031 lldR Transcriptional regulator 2.73 1.4E-02 Z2306 aldA Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.12 1.9E-02...”
  • “...II 4.48 6.9E-04 Z5744 aspA Aspartate ammonia-lyase 4.62 3.6E-03 Z0037 carA Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 4.84 1.1E-03 Z4942 dctA Aerobic uptake of C4-dicarboxylic acids and aspartate 5.07 1.4E-03 Z5856 pyrB Aspartate carbamoyltransferase (catalytic subunit) 2.78 4.6E-03 Z5855 pyrI Aspartate carbamoyltransferase (regulatory subunit) 2.14 2.1E-02 Z2857 sdaA L-serine deaminase...”
• Global transcriptional response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to growth transitions in glucose minimal medium
  Bergholz, BMC microbiology 2007
  • “...ECs3748 yqeB 2.23 -0.78 3 ECs4109 mdh 2.05 -1.40 un ECs4269 glpD 4.17 -1.82 3 ECs4408 dctA 4.59 -1.93 3 ECs4498 rfaF -2.10 0.85 12 ECs4705 ilvD -2.03 1.03 12 ECs4726 yifM 3.51 -3.62 un ECs4750 yigI 2.77 -1.14 10 ECs4840 fieF 3.76 -3.29 3 ECs4851...”

b3528 C4 dicarboxylate/orotate:H+ symporter (DctA) from Escherichia coli BW25113
DctA / b3528 C4 dicarboxylate/orotate:H⁺ symporter from Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 (see 13 papers)
dctA / P0A830 C4 dicarboxylate/orotate:H⁺ symporter from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 23 papers)
DCTA_ECOLI / P0A830 Aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 2 papers)
TC 2.A.23.1.7 / P0A830 Aerobic dicarboxylate transporter, DctA. Interacts with the DcuS sensor kinase from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 6 papers)
dctA / GB|AAC76553.1 aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Escherichia coli (see 5 papers)
ECHMS174_03796 C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctC from Escherichia coli
NP_417985 C4 dicarboxylate/orotate:H(+) symporter from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
b3528 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
25% identity, 78% coverage

• mutant phenotype: Specific phenotype: utilization of L-Malic acid, succinate; also transports other C4 dicarboxylates, aspartate, and orotate (see ecocyc)
• function: Responsible for the aerobic transport of the dicarboxylates fumarate, L- and D-malate and to a lesser extent succinate, from the periplasm across the inner membrane.
  disruption phenotype: Cells lacking this gene are only able to grow after a 2-day lag period on D-malate as sole carbon source.
• substrates: Dicarboxylates
  tcdb comment: The interaction of DctA with DcuS has been studied extensively and reviewed (Unden et al. 2016)
• A New EBS2b-IBS2b Base Paring (A_-8/T_-8) Improved the Gene-Targeting Efficiency of Thermotargetron in Escherichia coli
  Cui, Microbiology spectrum 2023
  • “...We designed 152 targeting sites in fliC (flagellin C, ECHMS174_01916), lacZ (eta-galactosidase, ECHMS174_00351), dctA (C4-dicarboxylate, ECHMS174_03796), glcD (glycolate oxidase, ECHMS174_03014), and constructed 152 gene-targeting plasmids (random gene-targeting plasmids pool, RGPP). All plasmids met the following criteria: A (15) A (14) nnnnnnnnnnnnnA (+1) (n represents 13 arbitrary...”
• Regulation of Aerobic Succinate Transporter dctA of E. coli by cAMP-CRP, DcuS-DcuR, and EIIAGlc: Succinate as a Carbon Substrate and Signaling Molecule.
  Schubert, Microbial physiology 2024 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Regulation of Aerobic Succinate Transporter dctA of E. coli by cAMP-CRP, DcuS-DcuR, and EIIAGlc: Succinate as a Carbon Substrate and Signaling Molecule.
• Cellular Concentrations of the Transporters DctA and DcuB and the Sensor DcuS of Escherichia coli and the Contributions of Free and Complexed DcuS to Transcriptional Regulation by DcuR.
  Wörner, Journal of bacteriology 2018
  • GeneRIF: The relationship of absolute contents of DcuS, DcuB, and DctA to the functional state of DcuS revealed their contribution to the control of DcuS-DcuR in vivo, which was not accessible by other approaches, leading to a revision of previous models.
• DcuA of aerobically grown Escherichia coli serves as a nitrogen shuttle (L-aspartate/fumarate) for nitrogen uptake.
  Strecker, Molecular microbiology 2018 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: In this work, it is shown that DctA is required for aerobic growth with L-aspartate as a carbon source.
• Differentiation of DctA and DcuS function in the DctA/DcuS sensor complex of Escherichia coli: function of DctA as an activity switch and of DcuS as the C4-dicarboxylate sensor.
  Steinmetz, Molecular microbiology 2014 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: C4-dicarboxylate sensing by DctA/DcuS resides in DcuS, and that DctA serves as an activity switch.
• Polar localization of a tripartite complex of the two-component system DcuS/DcuR and the transporter DctA in Escherichia coli depends on the sensor kinase DcuS.
  Scheu, PloS one 2014
  • GeneRIF: DcuS is required for location of DctA and DcuR at the poles and formation of tripartite DctA/DcuS/DcuR sensor/regulator complexes.
• The cytoplasmic PASC domain of the sensor kinase DcuS of Escherichia coli: role in signal transduction, dimer formation, and DctA interaction.
  Monzel, MicrobiologyOpen 2013
  • GeneRIF: Reorganizing the DcuS homodimer and its interaction with DctA activate the kinase.
• Interaction of the Escherichia coli transporter DctA with the sensor kinase DcuS: presence of functional DctA/DcuS sensor units.
  Witan, Molecular microbiology 2012 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: It is concluded that DctA forms a functional unit or sensor complex with DcuS through specific interaction sites.
• Biodistribution of ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-labeled avian pathogenic Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles by PET imaging in chickens
  Li, Poultry science 2023
  • “...Cell inner membrane 407 P0AAE8 CADB Amino acid transport and metabolism Cell inner membrane 408 P0A830 DCTA Energy production and conversion Cell inner membrane 409 P25798 FLIF Function unknown Cell inner membrane 410 P02918 PBPA Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis Cell inner membrane 411 P60752 MSBA Defense mechanisms...”
• Conversion of the Sensor Kinase DcuS to the Fumarate Sensitive State by Interaction of the Bifunctional Transporter DctA at the TM2/PAS_C-Linker Region
  Stopp, Microorganisms 2021
  • “...Uniprot [ 31 ]: Escherichia coli , DcuS (Uniprot ID: P0AEC8), CitA (P77510), and DctA (P0A830); Klebsiella pneumoniae , DcuS (A6T8R1), CitA (P52687), and DctA (A6TFD1); Salmonella enterica , DcuS (A0A3Z5XF95), CitA (A0A0D6H5A2), and DctA (A0A3V0F2H1); Enterobacter cloacae , DcuS (A0A156CKF7), CitA (A0A144N960), and DctA (A0A156JRS4);...”
• Involvement of multiple influx and efflux transporters in the accumulation of cationic fluorescent dyes by Escherichia coli
  Jindal, BMC microbiology 2019
  • “...P16701 (none) mdtD Putative multidrug resistance transporter P36554 [ 159 ] dctA Dicarboxylate transport protein P0A830 [ 168 ] yehW Non-osmoprotecting glycine betaine uptake system (presumably antiporter) P33359 [ 169 ] Those whose knockout increased uptake are given in bold face Despite the fact that both...”
• An evaluation of Comparative Genome Sequencing (CGS) by comparing two previously-sequenced bacterial genomes
  Herring, BMC genomics 2007
  • “...insertion yes ROI new 3550943 malP-malT b3417 3418 IS5 insertion yes ROI new 3681321 dctA b3528 IS30 insertion yes ROI new 3886653 tnaA-tnaC b3707 3708 IS5 insertion yes ROI 1 probe known 3889134 tnaB b3709 IS5 insertion yes ROI known 3891777 yieE-yidZ b3711 3712 IS2 insertion...”
• DNA microarray analyses of the long-term adaptive response of Escherichia coli to acetate and propionate
  Polen, Applied and environmental microbiology 2003
  • “...b3525 yhjH 1 ORF, hypothetical protein 2.17* 2.42* 0.92 b3528 dctA 1 Uptake of C4-dicarboxylic acids 0.38* 0.63 0.65* b3603 IldP 2 L-Lactate 0.34* 0.46 0.51*...”

CCNA_00264 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Caulobacter crescentus NA1000
27% identity, 81% coverage

• ATP hydrolysis tunes specificity of a AAA+ protease
  Mahmoud, Cell reports 2022
  • “...to a lon strain. We isolated a high motility mutant with a transposon insertion in CCNA_00264; however, transduction experiments revealed that this transposon alone was not able to rescue motility ( Figure S1A ). Sequencing the genome of the suppressor strain showed a point mutation in...”

BWI76_RS26760 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein DctA from Klebsiella michiganensis M5al
24% identity, 79% coverage

• mutant phenotype: Specific phenotype: utilization of succinate

S3604 glutamate-aspartate symport protein from Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T
SF5M90T_4044 glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter GltP from Shigella flexneri 5a str. M90T
27% identity, 83% coverage

• Regulation of the yjjQ-bglJ operon, encoding LuxR-type transcription factors, and the divergent yjjP gene by H-NS and LeuO
  Stratmann, Journal of bacteriology 2008
  • “...S3587 S3588 S3590 S3592 S3594 S3596 S3598 S3600 S3602 S3604 S3606 S3608 S3610 S3612 S3614 S3616 S3618 S3620 S3622 S3631 S3633 S3635 S3637 S3638 S3641 S3642...”
  • “...T4GT7 (S3010) S3596 T4GT7 (S3010) S3600 T4GT7 (S3010) S3604 T4GT7 (S3010) S3609 T4GT7 (S3010) S3612 T4GT7 (S3010) S3616 T4GT7 (S3010) S3620 T4GT7 (S3010) S3587...”
• RNA-seq analysis of the influence of anaerobiosis and FNR on Shigella flexneri
  Vergara-Irigaray, BMC genomics 2014
  • “...0.77 SF5M90T_1419 ydjA predicted oxidoreductase -1.17 1.69 1.52 SF5M90T_2771 ygaF hydroxyglutarate oxidase -1.31 4.12 2.99 SF5M90T_4044 gltP glutamate-aspartate symport protein -1.32 SF5M90T_1603 rnfB electron transport complex protein -1.46 SF5M90T_2869 fldB flavodoxin 2 -1.56 SF5M90T_1602 rnfA Na+-translocating NADH-quinone reductase subunit E -1.75 SF5M90T_1011 rutA pyrimidine monooxygenase -3.07...”

A6TFD1 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (strain ATCC 700721 / MGH 78578)
25% identity, 80% coverage

• Conversion of the Sensor Kinase DcuS to the Fumarate Sensitive State by Interaction of the Bifunctional Transporter DctA at the TM2/PAS_C-Linker Region
  Stopp, Microorganisms 2021
  • “...P0AEC8), CitA (P77510), and DctA (P0A830); Klebsiella pneumoniae , DcuS (A6T8R1), CitA (P52687), and DctA (A6TFD1); Salmonella enterica , DcuS (A0A3Z5XF95), CitA (A0A0D6H5A2), and DctA (A0A3V0F2H1); Enterobacter cloacae , DcuS (A0A156CKF7), CitA (A0A144N960), and DctA (A0A156JRS4); Serratia marcescens , DcuS (A0A221FN95), CitA (A0A3E2EAR4), and DctA (A0A0A5LIU9);...”

BC1739 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579
33% identity, 51% coverage

• BC4707 is a major facilitator superfamily multidrug resistance transport protein from Bacillus cereus implicated in fluoroquinolone tolerance
  Simm, PloS one 2012
  • “...2.12 bc1035 glycerol kinase 1.53 bc1251 dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase 1.59 bc1252 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, E1 component 1.57 bc1739 proton/sodium-glutamate symporter 1.65 bc2045 hypothetical protein 1.68 bc2300 oxalateformate antiporter, putative 1.57 bc3718 PTS system, fructose-specific IIABC component 0.60 bc3719 1-phosphofructokinase 0.60 bc3720 transcriptional regulator, DeoR family 0.41 bc3760 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase...”
• Transcriptional responses of Bacillus cereus towards challenges with the polysaccharide chitosan
  Mellegård, PloS one 2011
  • “...ATPase C chain SS, TMS(1) BC0814 4.3 10 5 ABC transporter permease protein TMS(1), FtsX BC1739 3.5 10 4 H + /Na + -glutamate symport protein TMS(9) BC1461 3.3 10 5 DNA integration/recombination/invertion protein integrase BC4813 3.3 10 5 hypothetical protein BC0756 3.3 10 6 sensor...”
• Assessment of CcpA-mediated catabolite control of gene expression in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579
  van, BMC microbiology 2008
  • “...of three genes and in silico analysis of this operon (BC1739-1741) suggested the transporter protein (BC1739) to function as a proton/sodium-aspartate symporter [ 44 ], as an alternative to gltT . Subsequently, aspartate can be converted into ammonia and fumarate by the aspartate ammonia lyase (BC1740),...”

MEXAM1_RS15430 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Methylorubrum extorquens AM1
25% identity, 80% coverage

• Improvement of dicarboxylic acid production with Methylorubrum extorquens by reduction of product reuptake
  Pöschel, Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2022
  • “...transporter deletion mutants Knockout of the genes encoding potential carboxylic acid importers ( dctA1 : MEXAM1_RS15430, dctA2 : MEXAM1_RS10985 and dctA3 : MEXAM1_RS20450) and the ketoglutarate permease KgtP ( kgtP : MEXAM1_RS24315) were carried out with allelic exchange vector pCM184 carrying a kan R antibiotic resistance...”
  • “...deletion strains This work Wild type dctA1 dctA3 M. extorquens AM1 with chromosomal deletion of MEXAM1_RS15430 and MEXAM1_RS20450 This work Wild type dctA1 dctA2 dctA3 M. extorquens AM1 with chromosomal deletion of MEXAM1_RS15430, MEXAM1_RS10985 and MEXAM1_RS20450 This work M. extorquens AM1 cel (CM2720) M. extorquens AM1...”

BMMGA3_08695 glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter GltP from Bacillus methanolicus MGA3
30% identity, 48% coverage

• Enhanced Glutamate Synthesis and Export by the Thermotolerant Emerging Industrial Workhorse Bacillus methanolicus in Response to High Osmolarity
  Frank, Frontiers in microbiology 2021
  • “...a nutrient. In the genome sequence of B. methanolicus MGA3 a gene ( gltT ) (BMMGA3_08695) is present encoding a sodium-driven L-glutamate importer (GltT), a system that serves for the high-affinity uptake of L-glutamate and L-aspartate in B. subtilis ( Zaprasis et al., 2015 ). However,...”

E7EUV6 Amino acid transporter (Fragment) from Homo sapiens
59% identity, 18% coverage

• Inhibitory Potential of the Truncated Isoforms on Glutamate Transporter Oligomerization Identified by Computational Analysis of Gene-Centric Isoform Maps.
  Karagöl, Pharmaceutical research 2024
  • “...2 TM count 3 TM composition 4 EAA1 (SLC1A3) P43003 (Canonical EAA1) 542 8 Canonical E7EUV6 106 2 TM1, TM2 A0A7P0T9Z4 123 3 TM6, HP1, HP2 EAA2 (SLC1A1) P43004 (Canonical EAA2) 574 8 Canonical C9J9N5 409 7 TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, HP1 A0A2R8Y642 435...”
  • “...topology information included in the Uniprot entries. TM helices are listed according to canonical transporter E7EUV6 retains only the first two TM domains (N-termini) of the canonical isoform of EAA1. Whereas A0A7P0T9Z4 Isoform includes TM6 and two hairpin helices (HP1, HP2), which mimic the latter part...”

PITG_09295 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation (Na or H) symporter (DAACS) family protein from Phytophthora infestans T30-4
31% identity, 47% coverage

• Lifestyle, gene gain and loss, and transcriptional remodeling cause divergence in the transcriptomes of Phytophthora infestans and Pythium ultimum during potato tuber colonization
  Ah-Fong, BMC genomics 2017
  • “...in Ph. infestans. The peak expression in early tuber was due to a single gene, PITG_09295, which accounted for 83% of total DAACS CPM. Nitrate and ammonium transporters These present alternative routes for acquiring nitrogen. Ph. infestans encodes four predicted nitrate transporters, of which two had...”
• Gene Expression and Silencing Studies in Phytophthora infestans Reveal Infection-Specific Nutrient Transporters and a Role for the Nitrate Reductase Pathway in Plant Pathogenesis
  Abrahamian, PLoS pathogens 2016
  • “...in planta , particularly at the later timepoints. For example, APC gene PITG_03725 and DAACSs PITG_09295 and PITG_17951 had higher average mRNA levels in leaves than media, while APCs such as PITG_11024 were expressed more in media than in leaves or tubers at any timepoint. Interpreting...”

LIMLP_00320 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Leptospira interrogans serovar Manilae
31% identity, 45% coverage

• Leptospira interrogans biofilm transcriptome highlights adaption to starvation and general stress while maintaining virulence
  Davignon, NPJ biofilms and microbiomes 2024
  • “...by the slight downregulation of transport-related genes putP (LIMLP_08865, FC 1.7) for proline and gltP (LIMLP_00320, FC 1.3) for glutamate, suggesting reduced transport of these amino acids. C-di-GMP metabolic enzymes and effectors In the context of biofilm formation, the examination of genes involved in cyclic di-GMP...”

y3836 C4-dicarboxylic acids symporter from Yersinia pestis KIM
24% identity, 80% coverage

• Global gene expression profiling of Yersinia pestis replicating inside macrophages reveals the roles of a putative stress-induced operon in regulating type III secretion and intracellular cell division
  Fukuto, Infection and immunity 2010
  • “...y0655 y1821 y2881 y2125 y3804 y2236 y0015 YPO3681 y3836 y2591 50S ribosomal protein L31 Four-enzyme protein involved in fatty acid oxidation Hypothetical...”

EP10_002156 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Geobacillus icigianus
25% identity, 77% coverage

• The Transcriptomic Response of Cells of the Thermophilic Bacterium <i>Geobacillus icigianus</i> to Terahertz Irradiation
  Peltek, International journal of molecular sciences 2024
  • “...the end of the irradiation, there is greater transcription of the carboxylic acid transporter gene (EP10_002156) and genes encoding transporters of glutamine and other amino acids (EP10_000138, EP10_001536, EP10_002622, EP10_00263, EP10_002624, and EP10_002625). These data indicate the beginning of a recovery of systems responsible for the...”
  • “...0.875392 0.066384 Glutamine-binding periplasmic protein EP10_002112 0.894702 0.098217 Threonine synthase EP10_002113 1.012461 0.041217 Homoserine kinase EP10_002156 2.199392 7.13 10 6 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein EP10_002476 0.95882 0.041329 HTH-type transcriptional regulator BetI EP10_002477 1.006568 0.096249 Pyrrolidone-carboxylate peptidase EP10_002622 1.222678 0.000381 Glutamine transport ATP-binding protein GlnQ EP10_002623 1.151767 0.003803...”

OTBS_0443 putative proton/glutamate symporter from Orientia tsutsugamushi Boryong
32% identity, 50% coverage

• Genome-based construction of the metabolic pathways of Orientia tsutsugamushi and comparative analysis within the Rickettsiales order
  Min, Comparative and functional genomics 2008
  • “...acid potE : OTBS_1403 Arginine/orinithine p34 : OTBS_1715 Cation kefB : OTBS_1539 Potassium gltP : OTBS_0443 Proton/glutamate rarD : OTBS_0203, OTBS_0407? S-adenosylmethionine proP : OTBS_0158, OTBS_0204, Proline/betaine OTBS_0844, OTBS_1493, OTBS_1955 panF : OTBS_0515, OTBS_1379, Na + /proline symporter ampG : OTBS_0516 Muropeptide bcr : OTBS_1499, OTBS_1891...”

PSLF89_725 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Piscirickettsia salmonis LF-89 = ATCC VR-1361
31% identity, 46% coverage

• Nutrient Scarcity in a New Defined Medium Reveals Metabolic Resistance to Antibiotics in the Fish Pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis
  Ortiz-Severín, Frontiers in microbiology 2021
  • “...ABC transporter (PSLF89_803), the proline:sodium symporter putP (PSLF89_1458), sodium:dicarboxylate symporter (DAACS) family protein (PSLF89_2288 and PSLF89_725), an aromatic amino acid transport family protein (PSLF89_3306), and various amino acid permeases (PSLF89_3168, PSLF89_2573, PSLF89_180 and PSLF89_817). This correlates with an underrepresentation of GO terms related to transmembrane transport...”

AB57_1698 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057
24% identity, 87% coverage

• The lytic transglycosylase MltB connects membrane homeostasis and in vivo fitness of Acinetobacter baumannii
  Crépin, Molecular microbiology 2018
  • “...NS c 3.3x10 0 AB57_0796 bfmR Transcriptional regulator/Transcription 221 3 10 3 2 10 2 AB57_1698 gltP Proton/sodiumglutamate symport protein/A.A. T/M 50 3.5 10 2 3.7 10 1 Abbreviation: Env. biogen.: Envelope biogenesis, A.A. T/M: Amino acid transport and metabolism FD; Fitness defect Fitness defect was...”

Gbem_3225 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter from Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem
31% identity, 48% coverage

• The genome of Geobacter bemidjiensis, exemplar for the subsurface clade of Geobacter species that predominate in Fe(III)-reducing subsurface environments
  Aklujkar, BMC genomics 2010
  • “...genes; the colour code is the same as in (c). Either the sodium/fumarate symporter DctA (Gbem_3225) that is 61% identical to the Salmonella typhimurium transporter [ 20 ] or the proton/fumarate symporter complex DctPQM (Gbem_2659-Gbem_2661) with 40% to 63% sequence identity to characterized homologs in Rhodobacter...”

PXO_RS19360 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99A
26% identity, 79% coverage

• PXO_RS20535, Encoding a Novel Response Regulator, Is Required for Chemotactic Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Tolerance to Oxidative Stress in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
  Antar, Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 2020
  • “...PXO_RS06660 2.59 MerC domain-containing protein PXO_RS25610 2.62 Hypothetical protein PXO_RS05075 2.80 Hemin uptake protein HemP PXO_RS19360 4.08 C4-dicarboxylate transporter PXO_RS04930 4.63 Hypothetical protein PXO_RS17235 10.53 TonB-dependent receptor PXO_RS17230 11.71 PepSY domain-containing protein Down-Regulated Genes PXO_RS20535 25.86 Response regulator PXO_RS19530 3.86 Arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) PXO_RS02330 3.64 Hypothetical...”

ZMO0578 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter from Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ZM4
33% identity, 48% coverage

• Development and characterization of efficient xylose utilization strains of Zymomonas mobilis
  Lou, Biotechnology for biofuels 2021
  • “...compared with its parental strain 8b. The first two are non-synonymous SNPs located in gene ZMO0578 and ZMO0661 , encoding sodium:dicarboxylate symporter and chaperone protein DnaJ, respectively. The third is a synonymous one located in gene ZMO0975 encoding a hypothetical membrane-spanning protein. Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter encoded by...”
  • “...served as good carbon and energy sources for growth [ 46 ], the mutation in ZMO0578 in strain 8b-S38 might impact the uptake of these dicarboxylate and thus affect its cell growth in xylose media. Chaperone protein DnaJ encoded by ZMO0661 is a prototypical member of...”

mll5840 C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctA from Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099
32% identity, 48% coverage

• Expression islands clustered on the symbiosis island of the Mesorhizobium loti genome
  Uchiumi, Journal of bacteriology 2004
  • “...support this model. The aatA (mlr5883) and dctA (mll5840) homologs on the symbiosis island and the malate dehydrogenase gene (mlr9216) on pMLa were strongly...”

FQU82_02515 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Acinetobacter baumannii
24% identity, 77% coverage

• Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory role of quorum sensing in the Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 via RNA-seq
  Xiong, BMC microbiology 2022
  • “...included FQU82_02258 ( cydA ), FQU82_02259 ( cydB ), FQU82_02260 ( cydX ), FQU82_02840, and FQU82_02515. Among these genes, FQU82_00307( pilS ) was a sensor histidine kinase of the PilS/PilR system, which was associated with the type-4 fimbriae synthesis contributing to bacterial motility [ 24 ,...”

AZC_3014 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571
25% identity, 79% coverage

• Comparative genome-wide transcriptional profiling of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 grown under free-living and symbiotic conditions
  Tsukada, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009
  • “...which encodes an Fe-Mn ABC transporter, and dctA (AZC_3014), which encodes a C4-dicarboxylate transporter, was expressed to a greater extent in bacteroids than...”
  • “...(AZC_1610), a C4 dicarboxylate transporter gene (dctA; AZC_3014), EPS synthesis genes (AZC_3319 and AZC_3322), a cysteine desulfurase gene (sufS; AZC_3616), and...”

ACIAD0481 glutamate:aspartate symport protein (DAACS family) from Acinetobacter sp. ADP1
29% identity, 57% coverage

• Characterization of Highly Ferulate-Tolerant Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 Isolates by a Rapid Reverse Engineering Method
  Luo, Applied and environmental microbiology 2022 (secret)

EAM_RS16615 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Erwinia amylovora ATCC 49946
31% identity, 48% coverage

• A complete twelve-gene deletion null mutant reveals that cyclic di-GMP is a global regulator of phase-transition and host colonization in Erwinia amylovora
  Kharadi, PLoS pathogens 2022
  • “...Log2 Ratio Differential Expression p-value EAM_RS16610 insulinase family protein CDS insulinase family protein -11.66137022 1.9342E-136 EAM_RS16615 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter CDS dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter -10.81381354 5.2721E-119 EAM_RS19445 hypothetical protein CDS hypothetical protein -7.950021219 9.05238E-26 EAM_RS11745 DUF1471 domain-containing protein CDS DUF1471 domain-containing protein -5.590416774 3.0468E-177 EAM_RS16620 hmsP CDS...”

TDE2336 sodium/dicarboxylate symporter family protein from Treponema denticola ATCC 35405
27% identity, 50% coverage

• Investigation of the potential regulator proteins associated with the expression of major surface protein and dentilisin in Treponema denticola
  Arai, Journal of oral microbiology 2020
  • “...versus wild type) TDE1162 ParB-like nuclease 85.78 TDE0471 Hypothetical protein 7.06 TDE0127 DNA-binding protein 5.07 TDE2336 Sodium/dicarboxylatesymporte 4.72 TDE1947 ABC transporter permease 4.40 TDE1584 Lipoprotein 4.16 TDE1946 Hypothetical protein 4.07 TDE0573 Hypothetical protein 3.97 TDE0816 M20/M25/M40 family peptidase 3.90 TDE2495 Hypothetical protein 3.89 TDE1669 Hemolysin 3.84...”

WP_035678813 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Azospirillum brasilense
30% identity, 48% coverage

• Dicarboxylate Transporters of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 Play an Important Role in the Colonization of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Roots.
  Singh, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI 2019 (PubMed)
  • GeneRIF: Inactivation of dctA, however, showed a marginal reduction in growth and flocculation

MCA1872 C4-dicarboxylate transporter from Methylococcus capsulatus str. Bath
24% identity, 80% coverage

• Genomic insights into methanotrophy: the complete genome sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)
  Ward, PLoS biology 2004
  • “...for sugar uptake were identified. Additionally, components of transporters for peptides (MCA1264 and MCA1268), carboxylates (MCA1872), and a variety of amino acids (e.g., MCA0840) are present. Diversity of nitrogen metabolism M. capsulatus (Bath) is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen ( Murrell and Dalton 1983 ), conferring...”

YE0310 proton glutamate symport protein from Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081
32% identity, 48% coverage

• Transcriptional analysis of long-term adaptation of Yersinia enterocolitica to low-temperature growth
  Bresolin, Journal of bacteriology 2006
  • “...Insertion site Homologue Protein specification YE3114b YE3823c YE0940 YE0310 ymoAb cspAc cspB gltP 3033404 683797 YE2793 YE0595 arcA 4470965 YE4087 uhpC 2732143...”

Smlt3942 putative aerobic c4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a
DP16_RS01020, NIPOLPBK_02530 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
27% identity, 65% coverage

• Phenotypic Heterogeneity Affects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a Colony Morphotypes and β-Lactamase Expression
  Abda, Frontiers in microbiology 2015
  • “...conditions of phosphate starvation ( Siehnel et al., 1992 ), and with the flanking gene smlt3942 (encoding a C4-dicarboxylate transport protein), it is presumably under the regulatory effect of this sensor histidine kinase ( Yurgel and Kahn, 2004 ). Based on these findings, we concluded that...”
• Global transcriptome analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in response to growth at human body temperature
  Patil, Microbial genomics 2021
  • “...0.00022 DP16_RS11160 Flagellin fliC 2.34589 0.00005 0.00022 DP16_RS12455 Short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family 2.57592 0.00005 0.00022 DP16_RS01020 C4-dicarboxylate transporter dctA 2.31709 0.00005 0.00022 DP16_RS21325 Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein mcpU 2.31383 0.00005 0.00022 DP16_RS01805 ATP synthase subunit B atpF 2.62816 0.00005 0.00022 DP16_RS12245 Ribosome biogenesis GTPase Der der 2.23516...”
  • “...downregulated at 37 C. These include the ATP synthase subunit beta (DP16_RS01805) and C4-dicarboxylate transporter (DP16_RS01020) responsible for uptake of fumarate, succinate and malate, which are essential intermediates in TCA cycle. Apart from this, there is also downregulation of genes belonging to translation, amino acid metabolism...”
• Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Seven Clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates Identify a Small Set of Shared and Commonly Regulated Genes Involved in the Biofilm Lifestyle
  Alio, Applied and environmental microbiology 2020
  • “...assembly factor BamE NIPOLPBK_03052 Ferric iron uptake transcriptional regulator NIPOLPBK_02989 Pilin NIPOLPBK_03740 Cell wall hydrolase NIPOLPBK_02530 C 4 -dicarboxylate transporter NIPOLPBK_03692 Membrane protein NIPOLPBK_03349; NIPOLPBK_00082 ABC transporter ATP-binding protein NIPOLPBK_02384 DNA-binding response regulator NIPOLPBK_02881 Elongation factor G NIPOLPBK_00124 TonB-dependent siderophore receptor NIPOLPBK_03559 Integration host factor subunit...”

YPO0254 proton glutamate symport protein from Yersinia pestis CO92
32% identity, 46% coverage

• Genomic characterization of the Yersinia genus
  Chen, Genome biology 2010
  • “...the Salmonella SPI-2 island [ 60 , 61 ]) and are found between orthologs of YPO0254 and YPO0274 [ 9 ]. Species within the Yersinia genus had either the Y. enterocolitica type of ysa TTSS locus or the Y. pestis /SPI-2 type (with the exception of...”

SG2121 proton/sodium-glutamate/aspartate transport protein GltP from Sodalis glossinidius str. 'morsitans'
32% identity, 47% coverage

• A Tale of Three Species: Adaptation of Sodalis glossinidius to Tsetse Biology, Wigglesworthia Metabolism, and Host Diet
  Hall, mBio 2019
  • “...output. Both l- glutamate and l- aspartate likely enter the cell through the GltP transporter SG2121 ( Fig.1 ). S. glossinidius is predicted to have transporters for 14 amino acids ( TableS2 ), so this reliance on l- glutamate or l- aspartate is not merely due...”

Bphy_0225 C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctA from Burkholderia phymatum STM815
Bphy_0225 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815
31% identity, 46% coverage

• Differential Expression of Paraburkholderia phymatum Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS) Suggests a Role of T6SS-b in Early Symbiotic Interaction
  Hug, Frontiers in plant science 2021
  • “...pBPHY01 and two genes coding for C4-dicarboxylate transporters similar to DctA encoded on chromosome 1 (Bphy_0225 and Bphy_2596). An alignment of the protein sequences of these different dicarboxylate symporters suggests that the symporters located in T6SS-b likely transport a different substrate compared to that of the...”
• Metabolomics and Dual RNA-Sequencing on Root Nodules Revealed New Cellular Functions Controlled by Paraburkholderia phymatum NifA
  Bellés-Sancho, Metabolites 2021
  • “...wild-type nodules. Moreover, the RNA-Seq analysis showed that P. phymatum C 4 -dicarboxylate transporter DctA (Bphy_0225) encoding gene was down-regulated in nifA nodules ( Figure 3 f), although did not pass our threshold settings ( p -value = 0.024). We therefore investigated the viability of wild-type,...”

XF1937 proton glutamate symport protein from Xylella fastidiosa 9a5c
27% identity, 76% coverage

• Xylella fastidiosa gene expression analysis by DNA microarrays
  Travensolo, Genetics and molecular biology 2009
  • “...reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of six ORFs (XF2688, XF0358, XF0785, XF1426, XF0671 and XF1937). A and C: genes expressed in XDM 2 media; B and D: genes expressed in BCYE media. LM: lower marker. HM: higher marker. Materials and Methods Cultivation conditions For genomic...”
  • “...electrophoresis In order to validate the results from microarrays, six ORFs (XF0358, XF0671, XF0785, XF1426, XF1937 and XF2688) were analyzed for RT-PCR by using microchip electrophoresis. The cDNAs from two different conditions (XDM 2 and BCYE media) were synthesized and used in PCR with specific primers...”
• DNA microarray-based genome comparison of a pathogenic and a nonpathogenic strain of Xylella fastidiosa delineates genes important for bacterial virulence
  Koide, Journal of bacteriology 2004
  • “...XF0518, XF0519, XF0521, XF1933, XF1934, XF1935, XF1936, and XF1937. A 4-l sample of each reaction mixture was electrophoresed in agarose gels, and DNA was...”
  • “...groups of contiguous CDS (XF0512 to XF0523 and XF1932 to XF1937). The first set is within genomic island 1 (24). The other group includes genes that belong to...”
• Whole-genome analysis of transporters in the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa
  Meidanis, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2002
  • “...XF1738 2.A.17.1.1 XF1891 2.A.21.7.1 XF2251 2.A.23.1.2 XF1937 2.A.23.1.2 XF0656 2.A.23.1.3 XF0976 2.A.36.3.1 XF2019 2.A.37.1.1 XF2140 2.A.37.2.1 XF1398 RND...”

CPF_0756 proton/sodium-glutamate symporter from Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124
CPE0761 proton/sodium- glutamate symport protein from Clostridium perfringens str. 13
25% identity, 80% coverage

• Molecular identification of hyaluronate lyase, not hyaluronidase, as an intrinsic hyaluronan-degrading enzyme in Clostridium perfringens strain ATCC 13124
  Kumon, Scientific reports 2024
  • “...proliferation were highly expressed: synthesis and transport of amino acid [CPF_0170 coding for cysteine synthase, CPF_0756 for the proton/sodium glutamate symporter, and minC (CPF_2394) for the probable septum site determining protein], purine-pyrimidine synthase [CPF_1001 for hypothetical protein and xpt1 (CPF_0319) for xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase], and choline expression...”
• Comparative transcription analysis and toxin production of two fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of Clostridium perfringens
  Park, BMC microbiology 2013
  • “...14.3 1 .8 ND CPE0707 CPF_0703 ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein 1.5 3.2 5.2 2.9 CPE0761 CPF_0756 ( gltP ) proton/sodium-glutamate symporter 1.5 4.2 4.6 0.9 CPE1371 CPF_1621 sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family protein 1.8 4.0 15.2 2.7 CPE2084 CPF_2341 ( modB ) molybdate ABC transporter, permease protein 1.8...”
• Comparative transcription analysis and toxin production of two fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of Clostridium perfringens
  Park, BMC microbiology 2013
  • “...1.4 14.3 1 .8 ND CPE0707 CPF_0703 ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein 1.5 3.2 5.2 2.9 CPE0761 CPF_0756 ( gltP ) proton/sodium-glutamate symporter 1.5 4.2 4.6 0.9 CPE1371 CPF_1621 sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family protein 1.8 4.0 15.2 2.7 CPE2084 CPF_2341 ( modB ) molybdate ABC transporter, permease protein...”

MMSR116_RS20220 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR1.6/6
31% identity, 48% coverage

• Transcriptome and Secretome Analyses of Endophyte Methylobacterium mesophilicum and Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Interacting Show Nutrient Competition
  Dourado, Microorganisms 2023
  • “...(MMSR116_RS16730); amino acid transport: ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (MMSR116_RS29515, MMSR116_RS29475), and a dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (MMSR116_RS20220); and general transporters, such as MFS transporter (MMSR116_RS22290, MMSR116_RS27205, MMSR116_RS21120, MMSR116_RS07435). On the other hand, siderophore transport genes were up-regulated in Mm : TonB-dependent siderophore receptor (MMSR116_RS23315, MMSR116_RS21805), TonB-dependent receptor...”

SA2172 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315
SAV2384 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50
SAOUHSC_02667 hypothetical protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325
SAUSA300_2329 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300_FPR3757
MW2304 proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2
USA300HOU_2366 DAACS family dicarboxylate/amino acid:sodium (Na+) or proton (H+) symporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300_TCH1516
SAS2274 putative proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MSSA476
SAKOR_02364 cation:dicarboxylate symporter family transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus CN1
30% identity, 45% coverage

• The C-terminal region of the RNA helicase CshA is required for the interaction with the degradosome and turnover of bulk RNA in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus
  Giraud, RNA biology 2015
  • “...2.5 2.4 1.9 17.5 SA2167 PTS system, sucrose-specific IIBC component scrA 3.5 2.5 3.6 2.5 SA2172 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein gltT 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.5 SA2174 HTH-type transcriptional regulator SarZ SarZ 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.6 SA2206 Immunoglobulin-binding protein sbi sbi 2.9 3.3 3.4 6.1 SA2234 SA2234-SA2237 Probable...”
• sarZ, a sarA family gene, is transcriptionally activated by MgrA and is involved in the regulation of genes encoding exoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus
  Ballal, Journal of bacteriology 2009
  • “...gltT (encoding a proton/ sodium-glutamate symport protein; SA2172) and narK (encoding a nitrite transporter; SA2176) are further upstream and downstream,...”
• Differential gene expression profiling of Staphylococcus aureus cultivated under biofilm and planktonic conditions
  Resch, Applied and environmental microbiology 2005
  • “...3.447 3.367 3.299 2.98 SA2202 2.7 SA0813 SA1699 SA0793 SA2172 SA0733 SA0493 2.67 2.633 2.615 2.59 2.575 2.52 SA0912 SA0913 SA0911 SA0910 SA0505 SA0502 SA1075...”
• Global regulation of Staphylococcus aureus genes by Rot
  Saïd-Salim, Journal of bacteriology 2003
  • “...2697 3259 3313 SA2336 SA1253 SA1164 SA0796 SA0602 SA2172 SA2288 SA0189 SA1505 SA0250 SA1194 SA2410 SA0685 SA0374 SA0923 SA0676 SA1583 SA0107 SA1166 SA1165...”
• Staphylococcus aureus virulence expression is impaired by Lactococcus lactis in mixed cultures
  Even, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009
  • “...b Corresponding ORF (MW2)c Gene named MW0181 oppF SAV0010 SAV2384 MW0010 MW2304 gltT SAV1255 MW1138 codY MW0948 purK MW0476 nupC MW1029 MW1135 uvrC xerC MW0393...”
• Expanding the Staphylococcus aureus SarA Regulon to Small RNAs
  Oriol, mSystems 2021
  • “...ChIP-Seq-only group included sarZ and opp4A (SAOUHSC_00928), and the RNA-Seq group included gltB (SAOUHSC_00435), gltT (SAOUHSC_02667). The fourth group contains 24 targets that were found in both the RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq results and therefore contains targets that are listed in TableS5 . This group includes SAOUHSC_02696...”
• Experimentally evolved Staphylococcus aureus shows increased survival in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by acquiring mutations in the amino acid transporter, GltT
  Alexander, Microbiology (Reading, England) 2024
  • “...in this study are included in ( Table 1 ). A JE2 gltT mutant ( SAUSA300_2329 ) was obtained from the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library (NTML) [ 19 ] and transposon was transduced into our own JE2 background. The entire gltT locus with the transposon was...”
  • “...lysate first with S. aureus strain RN4220. Collected lysate was then inoculated with NTML isolate SAUSA300_2329 and litres were measured at 310 8 plaque-forming units per millilitre. Transduction was then carried out with a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 according to methods in Krausz & Bose...”
• Experimentally EvolvedStaphylococcus aureusSurvives in the Presence ofPseudomonas aeruginosaby Acquiring Mutations in the Amino Acid Transporter, GltT
  Alexander, 2023
• GltS regulates biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  Shibamura-Fujiogi, Communications biology 2022
  • “...gene name, we included it in parenthesis. For example, gltT has gene accession number of SAUSA300_2329. In this case, we show as _ 2329 ( gltT ). If we do not have gene number such as gene with accession number of SAUSA300_0924, we just show accession...”
• Identification of the main glutamine and glutamate transporters in Staphylococcus aureus and their impact on c-di-AMP production
  Zeden, Molecular microbiology 2020
  • “...be a glutamate transporter (Tolner, UbbinkKok, Poolman, & Konings, 1995 ). The S. aureus protein SAUSA300_2329 (from here on referred to as GltT) shows a high degree of similarity (52% identity) to the B. subtilis GltT protein. In addition, SAUSA300_2291 (from here on referred to as...”
• Host nutrient milieu drives an essential role for aspartate biosynthesis during invasive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection
  Potter, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2020
  • “...We therefore hypothesized that Asp transport may occur through the S. aureus GltT homolog ( SAUSA300_2329 ). To test this hypothesis, we first examined the ability of S. aureus GltT to transport Asp. To confirm that GltT is the only functional transporter of Asp under our...”
• Differential gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus exposed to Orange II and Sudan III azo dyes
  Pan, Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology 2015
  • “...C C 0.0329 Cytoplasmic 0.0392 Cytoplasmic 1.88 2.31 SAUSA300_2329 gltT C 0.0412 Cytoplasmic membrane 1.67 SAUSA300_2449 SAUSA300_1454 zwf G G 0.0347 Cytoplasmic...”
  • “...in the absence of glucose [71]. gltT (SAUSA300_2329) also in COG C, encoding cytoplasmic membrane-bound proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein, showed a...”
• New Antimicrobial Resistance Strategies: An Adaptive Resistance Network Conferring Reduced Glycopeptide Susceptibility in VISA
  Aguglia, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2023
  • “...Ala59Glu Glycopeptide--Lactams Resistant-Related Genes MW0014 -lactams and/or glycopeptide cross-resistance GdpP MI-nsSNPs Ile186Met Metabolic Substrate Transporters MW2304 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport GltT MI-nsSNPs Val232Glu Legend: * stop codon. antibiotics-12-00783-t002_Table 2 Table 2 Genome position and orientation of the MW1303 asRNA. CA-MRSA MW2 Locus Tag sRNA RefGen Position (nt) sRNA...”
• Balancing the Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in VISA DAP-R CA-MRSA Superbug
  Salemi, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022
  • “...resistance protein czcD Asp52Glu MW1283 Dihydrodipicolinate synthase DapA Ala101Thr MW1247 Phosphatidylglycerol lysyl-transferase MprF Thr345Ala Leu538Phe MW2304 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein Val232Glu MW1324 Extracellular matrix-binding protein Ebh Val1768Asp MW2287 L-lactate permease LctP Ile178Phe MW1307 UDP-NAG--NAM-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase MurG Ile121ASn MW0497 DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta RpoB His481Tyr...”
• Staphylococcus aureus virulence expression is impaired by Lactococcus lactis in mixed cultures
  Even, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009
  • “...ORF (MW2)c Gene named MW0181 oppF SAV0010 SAV2384 MW0010 MW2304 gltT SAV1255 MW1138 codY MW0948 purK MW0476 nupC MW1029 MW1135 uvrC xerC MW0393 hsdS Secretion...”
• Identification of Genes Regulating Cell Death in Staphylococcus aureus
  Yee, Frontiers in microbiology 2019
  • “...acid stress. Gene name (if applicable) Function Accessory number Transporters gltT Proton glutamate symport protein USA300HOU_2366 mnhG1 Monovalent cation antiporter subunit G USA300HOU_0649 ABC transporter ATP-binding protein USA300HOU_0329 ABC transporter ATP-binding protein USA300HOU_2386 Metabolism Isochorismatase USA300HOU_0200 Amidohydrolase USA300HOU_2029 Transcription Transcription regulator USA300HOU_0336 Cell wall capA Capsular...”
• Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of a Fusidic Acid-Selected fusA Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus
  Gupta, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022
  • “...acid permeases and uptake systems ( aapA , brnQ3 , gltT , SACOL1367, SACOL1392, SAR1419, SAS2274, and SAV1380) and oligopeptide transporters (SAV0727, SAV1380, and SAV1381) were upregulated in SH10001st-2, 8 other genes in this category (SACOL1476, SACOL2453, SAR2503, SAV0722, SAS0283, SAV2412, opuCA , and proP )...”
• Long-Term Intrahost Evolution of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Cystic Fibrosis Patients With Respiratory Carriage
  Azarian, Frontiers in genetics 2019
  • “...0.09 0.31 Protein phosphatase 2C domain-containing protein K20074 Metabolism: Protein phosphatases and associated proteins gltT SAKOR_02364 0.11 0.09 0.00 0.10 DAACS family dicarboxylate/ amino acid:sodium or proton symporter K11102 Signaling and cellular processes yhcS SAKOR_01805 0.11 0.09 0.00 0.10 Two-component response regulator sensor protein, histidine kinase...”

ACIAD2227 aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Acinetobacter sp. ADP1
26% identity, 73% coverage

• Iterative reconstruction of a global metabolic model of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 using high-throughput growth phenotype and gene essentiality data
  Durot, BMC systems biology 2008
  • “...ACIAD2847 (folD) E step 2 ACIAD1925 (fda) E step 2 ACIAD3155 (mdh) E step 2 ACIAD2227 (dctA) E step 2 ACIAD3349 (gltD) E step 2 ACIAD2565 (gap) E step 2 ACIAD3350 (gltB) E step 2 ACIAD2666 E step 2 ACIAD3470 (msuE) E step 2 ACIAD2907 (prs)...”

SAR2472 putative proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252
30% identity, 45% coverage

• Within-host evolution of Staphylococcus aureus during asymptomatic carriage
  Golubchik, PloS one 2013
  • “...1 SAR1965 ThiJ/PfpI family protein 0 1 1 SAR2292 Hyaluronate lyase precursor 1 1 0 SAR2472 Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein 1 1 0 SAR2691 Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 0 1 1 SAR2726 Hypothetical protein 1 1 0 Fluctuating population dynamics characterize nasal carriage We sampled genomes from a...”
• The Staphylococcus aureus response to unsaturated long chain free fatty acids: survival mechanisms and virulence implications
  Kenny, PloS one 2009
  • “...carbamate kinase 2.27 6.79E-03 SAR1752 hemA glutamyl-tRNA reductase 2.27 3.93E-02 SAR1807 putative transglycosylase 2.04 8.78E-04 SAR2472 gltT putative proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein 2.04 2.97E-02 SAR2621 cidA holin-like protein 2.27 1.18E-02 SAR2669 putative dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 2.86 3.75E-03 Fatty Acid Metabolism SAR0225 fadD putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.17 3.27E-02 SAR0227...”

PSPTO_1682 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000
25% identity, 73% coverage

• Mqo, a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, is required for virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 on Arabidopsis thaliana
  Mellgren, Journal of bacteriology 2009
  • “...gene. The DC3000 genomic region containing the dctA1 (PSPTO_1682) coding sequence is shown. The italicized numbers (e.g., 1678) are abbreviations for the PSPTO...”
  • “...potential orthologs of the S. meliloti dctA gene, dctA1 (PSPTO_1682) and dctA2 (PSPTO_4063). The DC3000 dctA1 gene encodes a protein with 60% identity and 78%...”

STM3614 DAACS family, C4-dicarboxylic acids transport protein from Salmonella typhimurium LT2
P50334 Aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)
SL1344_3579, STM14_4351 C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctC from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. SL1344
27% identity, 72% coverage

• The coenzyme B₁₂ precursor 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole is a flavin antagonist in Salmonella
  Malalasekara, Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) 2023
  • “...Coralville, IA]), and are listed Table 3 . Genes cycA ( stm4398 ), dctA ( stm3614 ), and tcuC ( stm0689 ) glpF ( stm4087 ) and rbsACB ( stm3882-4 ) were amplified using Phusion high fidelity polymerase (Thermo Fisher Scientific). PCR products were analyzed on...”
• Inorganic Polyphosphate Is Essential for Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence and Survival in Dictyostelium discoideum
  Varas, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2018
  • “...STM14_4299 STM3571 ftsY Cell division protein FtsY STM14_4345 STM3610 yhjG Putative inner membrane protein STM14_4351 STM3614 dctA C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctA STM14_4431 STM3674 lyxK L-xylulose kinase STM14_4435 STM3678 Putative regulatory protein (AraC family) STM14_4585 STM3796A Integral membrane protein STM14_4614 STM3822 torA Trimethylamine N-oxide reductase subunit STM14_4665 STM3869...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...O22682 P24944 P24943 Y14083 P21345 P39817 P37312 P50334 S38912 P20672 Q01857 AB001488 Z81451 AE000268 P45079 P54596 AE001172 P42602 P45246 AE000735 S71005...”
• Inorganic Polyphosphate Is Essential for Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence and Survival in Dictyostelium discoideum
  Varas, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2018
  • “...IF-2 STM14_4299 STM3571 ftsY Cell division protein FtsY STM14_4345 STM3610 yhjG Putative inner membrane protein STM14_4351 STM3614 dctA C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctA STM14_4431 STM3674 lyxK L-xylulose kinase STM14_4435 STM3678 Putative regulatory protein (AraC family) STM14_4585 STM3796A Integral membrane protein STM14_4614 STM3822 torA Trimethylamine N-oxide reductase subunit STM14_4665...”
• speG Is Required for Intracellular Replication of Salmonella in Various Human Cells and Affects Its Polyamine Metabolism and Global Transcriptomes
  Fang, Frontiers in microbiology 2017
  • “...SL1344_2997 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2.089 SL1344_3662 SL1344_3662 Putative racemase 1.552 SL1344_0211 SL1344_0211 Hypothetical protein 1.495 dctA SL1344_3579 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein 1.454 SL1344_2940 SL1344_2940 Hypothetical protein 1.319 hutU SL1344_0767 Urocanate hydratase 1.237 SL1344_3732 SL1344_3732 Hypothetical protein 1.227 SL1344_0790 SL1344_0790 Hypothetical protein 1.163 SL1344_1227 SL1344_1227 Hypothetical protein 1.010 hutH...”

VIBR0546_01241 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Vibrio brasiliensis LMG 20546
30% identity, 51% coverage

• Effects of NaCl Concentration on the Behavior of Vibrio brasiliensis and Transcriptome Analysis
  Hu, Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 2022
  • “...3.336 5.15 10 32 up VIBR0546_01411 outer membrane protein 4.147 2.052 1.00 10 30 up VIBR0546_01241 proton/glutamate symport protein 4.243 2.085 2.23 10 17 up VIBR0546_05214 LPS assembly outer membrane complex protein LptD 2.683 1.424 6.98 10 9 up VIBR0546_21825 putative outer membrane protein 3.554 1.830...”

XF0976 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Xylella fastidiosa 9a5c
29% identity, 52% coverage

• Whole-genome analysis of transporters in the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa
  Meidanis, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2002
  • “...2.A.21.7.1 XF2251 2.A.23.1.2 XF1937 2.A.23.1.2 XF0656 2.A.23.1.3 XF0976 2.A.36.3.1 XF2019 2.A.37.1.1 XF2140 2.A.37.2.1 XF1398 RND (HAE1) RND (HAE2) CitMHS AAA...”

PITG_17951 dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na or H) Symporter (DAACS) family from Phytophthora infestans T30-4
24% identity, 85% coverage

• Gene Expression and Silencing Studies in Phytophthora infestans Reveal Infection-Specific Nutrient Transporters and a Role for the Nitrate Reductase Pathway in Plant Pathogenesis
  Abrahamian, PLoS pathogens 2016
  • “..., particularly at the later timepoints. For example, APC gene PITG_03725 and DAACSs PITG_09295 and PITG_17951 had higher average mRNA levels in leaves than media, while APCs such as PITG_11024 were expressed more in media than in leaves or tubers at any timepoint. Interpreting these patterns...”

P20672 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Rhizobium meliloti (strain 1021)
SMb20611 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021
32% identity, 48% coverage

• A monocarboxylate permease of Rhizobium leguminosarum is the first member of a new subfamily of transporters
  Hosie, Journal of bacteriology 2002
  • “...(Q01857); rmDctA, S. meliloti C4-dicarboxylate transporter (P20672); ecDctA, E. coli C4-dicarboxylate transporter (P37312); ps3Acp, thermophilic bacterium PS3...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...P24943 Y14083 P21345 P39817 P37312 P50334 S38912 P20672 Q01857 AB001488 Z81451 AE000268 P45079 P54596 AE001172 P42602 P45246 AE000735 S71005 AF017105 AE001296...”
• Transcriptome Analysis of Polyhydroxybutyrate Cycle Mutants Reveals Discrete Loci Connecting Nitrogen Utilization and Carbon Storage in Sinorhizobium meliloti
  D'Alessio, mSystems 2017
  • “...-1,2-glucan after synthesis, which is critical during infection ( 46 ). The dctA gene ( SMb20611 ), located on the chromid, showed a strong decrease in transcription under nitrogen-limited conditions. DctA is a dicarboxylic acid transporter used by the cell during symbiosis to transport in dicarboxylic...”
• The role of sigma factor RpoH1 in the pH stress response of Sinorhizobium meliloti
  de, BMC microbiology 2010
  • “...for validation of the microarray expression data. The six genes used in the experiment were smb20611 , smc01505 , grpE , lpiA, exoY and mcpT . Differences in gene expression were determined by comparing the crossing points of samples measured in three replicates. Comparison of expression...”
• Development of a functional genomics platform for Sinorhizobium meliloti: construction of an ORFeome
  Schroeder, Applied and environmental microbiology 2005
  • “...example, the entry plasmid clone carrying the dctA gene, SMb20611, is pESMb20611, and this can be accessed through the gene name or identification number. In...”

NGR_b21870 DctA2, C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Rhizobium sp. NGR234
NGR_b21870 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234
31% identity, 48% coverage

• High-resolution transcriptomic analyses of Sinorhizobium sp. NGR234 bacteroids in determinate nodules of Vigna unguiculata and indeterminate nodules of Leucaena leucocephala
  Li, PloS one 2013
  • “...up-regulated genes compared to free-living bacteria also included those encoding the C4-dicarboxylate transporter, DctA ( NGR_b21870 , 331- and 460-fold, respectively), the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, PckA ( NGR_c33940 , 182- and 219-fold, respectively), and a fructose-bisphosphate aldolase ( NGR_c28100 , 89- and 71-fold, respectively), the acetate kinase...”

RS_RS01625 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum GMI1000
RSc0330 PROBABLE C4-DICARBOXYLATE TRANSPORT TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN from Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000
32% identity, 45% coverage

• Genome-guided comparative in planta transcriptome analyses for identifying cross-species common virulence factors in bacterial phytopathogens
  Park, Frontiers in plant science 2022
  • “...Flagellar biosynthesis protein FlhA BGLU_RS00925 (7.21-fold) RS_RS23845 (4.14-fold) XOO_RS12870 (2.00-fold) C4-dicarboxylate ABC transporter BGLU_RS16715 (2.13-fold) RS_RS01625 (3.86-fold) XOO_RS05400 (25.46-fold) Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase BGLU_RS23755 (3.43-fold) RS_RS07255 (2.83-fold) XOO_RS02315 (4.63-fold) 2-Methylisocitrate lyase BGLU_RS28435 (2.25-fold) RS_RS17740 (2.31-fold) XOO_RS04315 (3.58-fold) a Relative expression values presented as fold change in planta/in vitro...”
• rpoN1, but not rpoN2, is required for twitching motility, natural competence, growth on nitrate, and virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum
  Ray, Frontiers in microbiology 2015
  • “...start codon Product 1 RSc0133 TGGCGCATTCATTGCA 73 Hypothetical 2 RSc0223 * TGGCACGCCCGTTGCA 94 Hypothetical 3 RSc0330 TGGCATGGCCCTTGCA 146 Dicarboxylate transporter 4 RSc0341 TGGCATGACAGTTGCA 68 Hypothetical 5 pilA TGGCACGGTCCCTGCT 47 Type 4 pilin 6 RSc0731 TGGCAGGCTGTTTGCT 22 Thioesterase 7 RSc0753 TGGCGCGCGATTTGCT 162 Hypothetical 8 RSc0798 * TGGCAGGCAATTTGCA...”
  • “...Table 2 , it is also very likely that rpoN1 controls additional genes. For example, RSc0330, which carries an RpoN-binding element in its promoter and encodes a dicarboxylate transporter, has a homolog in P. chlororaphis which was shown to be under the control of rpoN and...”
• Defining the Metabolic Functions and Roles in Virulence of the rpoN1 and rpoN2 Genes in Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000
  Lundgren, PloS one 2015
  • “..., b rtcR regulator of rtcB Rsc0224 RNA ligase (RtcB) Rsc0332 b dctD2 dicarboxylate transport Rsc0330 C 4 -dicarboxylate transporter (DctA) Rsc1186 b , c Rsc1261 b , d ntrC nitrogen assimilation RSc0381 nitrate transporter (NasF) Rsc1258 glutamine synthetase (GlnA1) RSc2118 xanthine permease Rsc3410 amino acid-binding...”

TC 2.A.23.1.3 / Q01857 C4-dicarboxylate transporter (substrates: fumarate, D- and L-malate, succinate, succinamide, orotate, iticonate, mesaconate) from Rhizobium leguminosarum
RLV_5691 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae
30% identity, 48% coverage

• substrates: Fumarate, Iticonate, Mesaconate, Orotate, Succinamide, malate
  tcdb comment: This protein is 85% identical to the Sinorhizobium melitoti ortholog, mutants of which have an alterred substrate specificity and inability to support N2 fixing symbiosis (Yurgel and Kahn 2005)
• A monocarboxylate permease of Rhizobium leguminosarum is the first member of a new subfamily of transporters
  Hosie, Journal of bacteriology 2002
  • “...rlDctA, R. leguminosarum C4-dicarboxylate transporter (Q01857); rmDctA, S. meliloti C4-dicarboxylate transporter (P20672); ecDctA, E. coli C4-dicarboxylate...”
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...Y14083 P21345 P39817 P37312 P50334 S38912 P20672 Q01857 AB001488 Z81451 AE000268 P45079 P54596 AE001172 P42602 P45246 AE000735 S71005 AF017105 AE001296 AE001231...”
• Proteome Analysis Reveals a Significant Host-Specific Response in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Endosymbiotic Cells
  Durán, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2021
  • “...subunit B 7.3 RLV_4836 Chr Shikimate 5-dehydrogenase 27.3 RLV_4908 Chr Signal transduction histidine kinase 7.6 RLV_5691 Chr C4-dicarboxylate transporter 31.6 RLV_5754 Chr Multidrug ABC transporter ATP-binding 6.8 RLV_5939 Chr Nodulation protein NodT 24.5 RLV_5999 Chr ABC transporter permease 4.2 RLV_6941 Chr 50S ribosomal protein L27 66.7...”
  • “...with a differential expression profile were predicted as integral membrane proteins. One of these proteins (RLV_5691) is the Rlv UPM791 ortholog of dicarboxylate permease DctA that was consistently detected in lentil bacteroids but not in pea ( supplemental TableS1 ). It has been shown that the...”

A1S_1467 putative glutamate symport transmembrane protein from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
31% identity, 53% coverage

• A corepressor participates in LexA-independent regulation of error-prone polymerases in Acinetobacter
  Peterson, Microbiology (Reading, England) 2020
  • “...P-type ATPase 2.60 hmrR , copper-responsive HTH regulator (MerR family) 1.99 A1S_1319 hypothetical 1.59 * A1S_1467 put. glutamate symport transmembrane protein 1.54 A1S_1476 hypothetical 1.30 A1S_1734 hypothetical 1.31 A1S_1811 ankyrin-related protein 1.26 A1S_1924 A1S_1926 cydA , cytochrome d terminal oxidase 2.00 yes put. membrane protein 2.12...”
• Mucin acts as a nutrient source and a signal for the differential expression of genes coding for cellular processes and virulence factors in Acinetobacter baumannii
  Ohneck, PloS one 2018
  • “...(A1S_0477) 2.049805338 0.00307486 ATPase and specificity subunit of ClpX-ClpP ATP-dependent serine protease Amino acid/peptide transport A1S_1467 2.003213585 0.023546957 Glutamate symport transmembrane protein, GltT/GltP A1S_1490 2.962050012 0.001116133 Glutamate/aspartate periplasmic-binding protein, GltI A1S_1491 3.600540965 5.80563E -05 Glutamate/aspartate transport permease protein, GltJ A1S_1492 3.366102462 0.000230756 Glutamate/aspartate transport permease protein,...”

BCAL0722 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315
31% identity, 46% coverage

• Genome-wide transcription start site profiling in biofilm-grown Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315
  Sass, BMC genomics 2015
  • “...(565664..566551) 566617 ATG ATG longer 700318 + BCAL0646 700302..701309 700341 GTG ATG shorter 787134 + BCAL0722 787317..788582 787293 GTG GTG longer 937522 + BCAL0865 937677..938504 937566 TTG ATG longer 999283 - BCAL0916 Complement (998559..999290) 999245 ATG ATG shorter 1041114 - BCAL0952 Complement (1040227..1040955) 1041075 ATG ATG...”

OA04_29010 dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter from Pectobacterium versatile
32% identity, 50% coverage

• The PhoPQ Two-Component System Is the Major Regulator of Cell Surface Properties, Stress Responses and Plant-Derived Substrate Utilisation During Development of Pectobacterium versatile-Host Plant Pathosystems
  Kravchenko, Frontiers in microbiology 2020
  • “...GAGTTTTAAAGGCGTTTAT 8.1 citM_OA04_29000 OA04_28990-OA04_29000 0.07 CitMHS family citrate/H + symporter and transcriptional regulator TGGTTTAGACACCGTTTAA 10.2 OA04_29010 0.48 Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter TAATTTTTTAATTATTTAA 10.6 tcp OA04_13410 0.39 Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein TGTTTTTATTTGTGTTGAG 8.9 Exporters OA04_04830-OA04_04800 5.46 ABC-2 type exporter CCGTTTAATTATCGTTTGC 10.5 OA04_05580 4.11 Putative efflux permease TTTTTTTGTGCATGTTTCA 7.7 alaE OA04_38680...”
  • “...encoding citrate chemotaxis receptor is activated threefold in the phoP mutant. One more transporter gene, OA04_29010 , is located downstream of the citM operon and codes for a putative sodium:dicarboxylate symporter. Just as the preceding operon, OA04_29010 is negatively controlled by PhoP (2.1x repression). Citrate and...”

PfGW456L13_2016 C4-dicarboxylate transporter from Pseudomonas fluorescens GW456-L13
26% identity, 75% coverage

• mutant phenotype: Specific phenotype: utilization of L-Malic acid, succinate, Tween 20; the phenotype on Tween 20 is not explained

PFLU_3500 C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctA from Pseudomonas [fluorescens] SBW25
30% identity, 48% coverage

• The genotype of barley cultivars influences multiple aspects of their associated microbiota via differential root exudate secretion
  Pacheco-Moreno, PLoS biology 2024
  • “...Chevallier PFLU_2583 Putative rhizopine-binding protein Tipple PFLU_3295 GntR family transcriptional regulato r : vanR Tipple PFLU_3500 C4-dicarboxylate transporter Tipple PFLU_5080 Hypothetical protein Tipple Chevallier and Tipple rhizosphere competition assays were then carried out for the 8 mutants ( Fig 5B ). 6072 showed an impaired colonisation...”

PA5479 proton-glutamate symporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
33% identity, 45% coverage

• The Pseudomonas aeruginosa RpoH (σ³²) Regulon and Its Role in Essential Cellular Functions, Starvation Survival, and Antibiotic Tolerance
  Williamson, International journal of molecular sciences 2023
  • “...regulator containing an amidase domain and an AraC-type DNA-binding HTH domain 2.0 4.0 10 2 PA5479 gltP Proton-glutamate symporter 2.0 7.6 10 4 1 Bold letters indicate overlap between genes found here and genes induced in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by heat shock (from ref [ 25...”
• Utilization of L-glutamate as a preferred or sole nutrient in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 depends on genes encoding for the enhancer-binding protein AauR, the sigma factor RpoN and the transporter complex AatJQMP
  Lundgren, BMC microbiology 2021
  • “...ABC-transporter complex AatJQMP (PA1339 PA13342), the sodium-glutamate symporter GltS (PA3176), and the proton-glutamate symporter GltP (PA5479). Deletion of the aatJ or aatQM genes in P. aeruginosa PAO1 significantly reduced the growth of this bacterium on L-glutamate as either the sole source of nitrogen or carbon (Figs....”
• Reorganization of gene network for degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 under several conditions
  Yan, Journal of applied genetics 2017
  • “...downregulated genes in the exposure to hydrogen peroxide (Chang et al. 2005 ), two genes PA5479 and PA5446 appeared in two new clusters with PAH degradation genes PA2508 and PA4121, respectively, so network analysis does penetrate into different mechanisms. Of highly up/down-regulated genes in response to...”
  • “...PA0230, PA3008 encoding cell division inhibitor SulA was associated with the PAH degradation gene PA0231, PA5479 encoding glutamate/aspartate:proton symporter was associated with the PAH degradation gene PA2508. Notably, PAH degradation gene PA4124 was associated with R2/F2 pyocin gene locus (PA0612-PA0648) because ten genes (PA0615, PA0616, PA0617,...”
• The Genomic Basis of Evolutionary Innovation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  Toll-Riera, PLoS genetics 2016
  • “...acid resulted in parallel substitutions in the promoter region of a P . aeruginosa homolog (PA5479) of a Bacillus subtilis L-aspartate and L-glutamate transporter [ 30 ]. Similarly, one clone evolved in D-Serine and one clone evolved in Glycerol have, respectively, a SNP upstream D-Amino acid...”
• Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
  Murphy, Journal of bacteriology 2014
  • “...membrane PA5022 PA0847 PA2378 PA3728 PA2615 PA3258 PA5479 PA4821 Potassium efflux protein KefA Diguanylate cyclasea Probable aldehyde dehydrogenase DNA repair...”
• Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming motility
  Tremblay, BMC genomics 2010
  • “...1.5 PA3188 gltG probable permease of ABC sugar transporter 2.0 PA4628 lysP lysine-specific permease 1.7 PA5479 gltP proton-glutamate symporter 1.6 PA0782 3 putA proline dehydrogenase 1.8 PA0783 1 putP sodium/proline symporter PutP 1.6 PA4770 1 lldP L-lactate permease 1.5 Translation, post-translational modification, degradation PA0579 rpsU 30S...”
• Caenorhabditis elegans semi-automated liquid screen reveals a specialized role for the chemotaxis gene cheB2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence
  Garvis, PLoS pathogens 2009
  • “...optimal chemotactic response [21] . In the remaining mutants, one contained a transposon insertion in PA5479 , which encodes a protein similar to GltP from E. coli , a glutamate-aspartate carrier protein. Another mutant had an insertion in PA2585 encoding the UvrABC endonuclease subunit UvrC, required...”
  • “...TB3080s (hypothetical, PA3080 , p<0.01), TB2769s (hypothetical, PA2769 , p<0.05) and TB5479s ( gltP-like , PA5479 , p<0.05). Motility is also an important factor for P. aeruginosa colonization and spread. We evaluated each of the twelve attenuated mutants for both swarming and swimming motility (data not...”
• Toxicogenomic response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ortho-phenylphenol
  Nde, BMC genomics 2008
  • “...and metabolism PA0971_tolA_at PA0971 2.249 0.000381 TolA protein tol A Transport of small molecules PA5479_gltP_at PA5479 2.413 0.00978 proton-glutamate symporter glt P Membrane proteins PA3821_secD_at PA3821 3.516 0.00324 secretion protein SecD sec D Membrane proteins PA3820_secF_at PA3820 2.206 0.0411 secretion protein sec F Protein secretion sec...”
• More

plu3205 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1
26% identity, 65% coverage

• Comparative analysis of the Photorhabdus luminescens and the Yersinia enterocolitica genomes: uncovering candidate genes involved in insect pathogenicity
  Heermann, BMC genomics 2008
  • “...symport/transport of C4- dicarboxylates across the membrane 0310 ( gltP )/4067 ( dctA ) dctA (Plu3205) ubiquitous uptake of peptides following protease activity - (1) permease YE3697 Plu4591 ubiquitous unknown uhpABC (1) hexose phosphate transport YE4089-4087 Plu0815-0813 ubiquitous exploitation of carbon sources mgtC (1) Mg 2+...”

PD1516 glutamate symport protein from Xylella fastidiosa Temecula1
24% identity, 76% coverage

• Xylella fastidiosa: Host Range and Advance in Molecular Identification Techniques
  Baldi, Frontiers in plant science 2017
  • “...Regulator of pathogenicity factors xadAa d PD_0731 TGGGAGGTCAAAGYACTGCCATCA GCATTGGCAGCAACACTCGAATCA Outer membrane afimbrial adhesin gltT e PD1516 TTTTTCAGGGGTGTCGCGC TTCCAACGTTACTGGACGCT Glutamate symport protein cysG e PD1840 CCAAACATAGAAGCACGCCG CGTATGTCTGTGCGGTGTG Siroheme synthase leuA e PD1047 GGCCAGTGCTGTGTTTTGTT GGGCTACTTGCTGGAGGAAG 2-Isopropylmalate synthase lacF e PD1465 TTCTTTGGTGGGTTGGGTGT CACACAGCATCAACGTCGTC ABC transporter sugar permease a Schuenzel...”

FZF21_11275 C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctC from Enterobacter sp. LU1
26% identity, 72% coverage

• A Genomic Perspective on the Potential of Wild-Type Rumen Bacterium Enterobacter sp. LU1 as an Industrial Platform for Bio-Based Succinate Production
  Szczerba, International journal of molecular sciences 2020
  • “...C4-dicarboxylic acid metabolism at neutral pH, by regulating the expression and/or activity of the dctA (FZF21_11275) gene encoding aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein, which belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter family. This gene is responsible for the aerobic transport of fumarate, malate, and, to a lesser extent,...”

TC 2.A.23.1.10 / Q848I3 Organic acid uptake porter, DctA of 444 aas and 8 - 10 putative TMSs from Pseudomonas chlororaphis
25% identity, 75% coverage

• substrates: Acetate, Benzoate, Fumarate, Organic acids, Succinate, malate
  tcdb comment: Based on mutant analyses, it may transport succinate, benzoate, acetate, fumarate and malate (Nam et al. 2003). A dctA mutant colonized tobacco roots to a lesser extent than the wild-type during early seedling development. Colonization by the dctA mutant, as compared to the wild type, also reduced the level of systemically induced resistance against the soft rot pathogen Erwinia carotovora SCC1 (Nam et al. 2006)

GLTP_BACSU / P39817 Proton/glutamate-aspartate symporter; Proton/glutamate symport protein from Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) (see paper)
GltP / AAA82878.1 proton/glutamate symport protein from Bacillus subtilis (see paper)
BSU02340 proton/glutamate symport protein from Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168
29% identity, 48% coverage

• function: Catalyzes the proton-dependent, binding-protein-independent transport of glutamate and aspartate.
• Secondary structural entropy in RNA switch (Riboswitch) identification
  Manzourolajdad, BMC bioinformatics 2015
  • “...188867 189023 forward BSU01590 ybaS -9203 0.3185 5260 trnSL-Glu2 BSU_tRNA_75 0.806 90 245389 245545 reverse BSU02340 gltP -8050 0.363 1806 ybfI BSU02220 0.805 91 1445373 1445529 reverse BSU13810 ykvS -2210 0.3439 2748 ykvN BSU13760 0.804 92 2249114 2249270 reverse BSU21440 bdbB -16032 0.3439 1649 youB BSU21329...”
  • “...-30.70 - 0.2450 126.6350021 - 0.3400 99 yydB BSU40220 0.8344783783 200 nt 245362 245561 reverse BSU02340 gltP -8057 -57.10 - 0.4500 122.8600006 - 0.3500 1799 ybfI BSU02220 0.8332447410 200 nt 3996389 3996588 reverse BSU38970 yxjF -4051 -40.50 - 0.3750 126.9710007 - 0.4250 4899 yxkA BSU38870 0.8313001394...”
• Identification of the L-aspartate transporter in Bacillus subtilis
  Lorca, Journal of bacteriology 2003 (secret)
• Structural features of the glutamate transporter family
  Slotboom, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1999
  • “...O21353 O21751 Z99277 O22682 P24944 P24943 Y14083 P21345 P39817 P37312 P50334 S38912 P20672 Q01857 AB001488 Z81451 AE000268 P45079 P54596 AE001172 P42602 P45246...”

PP0137, PP_0137 proton/sodium-glutamate/aspartate symporter from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
32% identity, 51% coverage

• UEG Week 2024 Poster Presentations
  , United European gastroenterology journal 2024
• UEG Week 2023 Poster Presentations
  , United European gastroenterology journal 2023
• FinR Regulates Expression of nicC and nicX Operons, Involved in Nicotinic Acid Degradation in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
  Xiao, Applied and environmental microbiology 2018
  • “...in wild-type P. putida KT2440a Gene IDb PP_0057 PP_0137 PP_0596 PP_0597 PP_0614 PP_0615 PP_0616 PP_0617 PP_0618 PP_0619 PP_0620 PP_0817 PP_1039 PP_1638 PP_2034...”

GYO_0666 C4-dicarboxylate transporter DctP from Bacillus spizizenii TU-B-10
28% identity, 48% coverage

• Disparate Effects of Two Clerodane Diterpenes of Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.) on Bacillus spizizenii
  Bozsó, International journal of molecular sciences 2024
  • “...influence a variety of metabolic pathways. One of the down-regulated carboxylic acid transporters is the GYO_0666 ( dctP ), which is responsible for uptake of succinate, fumarate, malate and oxaloacetate. As these molecules are TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) intermediates, their levels can affect energy production...”
  • “...1.3 1.6 2.9 2.3 B. subtilis (BSU_33130) liaI , Two-component system, membrane anchor for LiaH GYO_0666 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 B. subtilis (BSU_04470) dctP , C4-dicarboxylate transport protein, Two-component system, uptake of succinate, fumarate, malate and oxaloacetate via proton symport GYO_3331 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.8 B....”

BMA2461 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344
BPSL2946 aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243
32% identity, 46% coverage

• Genome sequence alterations detected upon passage of Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 in culture and in mammalian hosts
  Romero, BMC genomics 2006
  • “...1.52 BMAA1663 hypothetical protein 1.51 BMAA0618 hypothetical protein 1.49 BMAA0810 YadA-like C-terminal region protein 1.44 BMA2461 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein 1.43 BMAA2044 conserved hypothetical protein 1.42 BMA3164 hypothetical protein 1.42 BMA0632 conserved hypothetical protein 1.42 BMAA1384 hypothetical protein 1.41 BMAA1999 hypothetical protein 1.41 BMAA0682 hypothetical protein 1.39...”
  • “...family 1.79 BMAA0446 Rhs element Vgr protein 1.68 BMA3048 heat shock protein, Hsp20 family 1.46 BMA2461 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein 1.24 BMA0118 RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD, putative 1.22 BMAA0922 drug resistance transporter, EmrB/QacA family 1.19 BMAA0618 hypothetical protein 1.18 BMAA1865 conserved hypothetical protein 1.16 BMA2979 acyltransferase...”
• The core and accessory genomes of Burkholderia pseudomallei: implications for human melioidosis
  Sim, PLoS pathogens 2008
  • “...68.3 + Miscellaneous; contains hypothetical proteins, probable alcohol dehydrogenase and putative OmpW-family exported protein 8 BPSL2946 - BPSL2949 4.6 0 66.8 + Miscellaneous; contains C4-dicarboxylate transport protein, putative GntR-family regulatory protein, cyn operon transcriptional activator (LysR-family) and carbonic anhydrase 9 BPSS0001 - BPSS0004 3.6 1 integrase...”
• Contribution of gene loss to the pathogenic evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei
  Moore, Infection and immunity 2004
  • “...BPSL2368 BPSL0600 BPSL0474 BPSS1508b BPSL3368 BPSL0491 BPSL2946 BPSS1867 BPSL1762 BPSS1510b BPSL1442 BPSS1004 BPSS1240 BPSL1191 BPSL0296 BPSS1754 BPSS1535a...”

PS417_21500 C4 dicarboxylate transporter DctA from Pseudomonas simiae WCS417
25% identity, 74% coverage

• mutant phenotype: Specific phenotype: utilization of succinate. Subtly important for octanoate utilization, which is not explained. Close homologs are important for the utilization of malate or fumarate as well

RPA2448 C4-dicarboxylic acid transport protein from Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009
30% identity, 49% coverage

• Anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds: a genetic and genomic view
  Carmona, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2009
  • “...These genes included a dicarboxylic acid transporter gene (RPA2448), a gene for a conserved hypothetical protein (RPA3401), a possible cytochrome P450 gene...”
• BadM is a transcriptional repressor and one of three regulators that control benzoyl coenzyme A reductase gene expression in Rhodopseudomonas palustris
  Peres, Journal of bacteriology 2006
  • “...badM. These included a dicarboxylic acid transporter gene (RPA2448) and a gene for a conserved hypothetical protein (RPA3401) that were expressed at about...”

DCTA2_PSEAE / Q9I4F5 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein 2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) (see paper)
PA1183 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
NP_249874 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
PA14_49130 C4-dicarboxylate transport protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14
27% identity, 50% coverage

• function: Responsible for the transport of dicarboxylates such as succinate, fumarate, and malate from the periplasm across the inner membrane.
  disruption phenotype: Inactivation of the gene causes a growth defect in minimal media supplemented with succinate, fumarate or malate. The dctA-dctPQM double mutant shows no growth on malate and fumarate and residual growth on succinate.
• The phage-encoded PIT4 protein affects multiple two-component systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  Schroven, Microbiology spectrum 2023
  • “...apoptosis by the generation of reactive oxygen species ( 23 ). Contrarily, the expression of PA1183 or dctA is strongly downregulated and encodes for an H + /dicarboxylate symporter protein (Log2fold = 4.74 and p adj <0.001). DctA proved to be essential for nitrogen fixation, and...”
• A Standardized Extract of Lentinula edodes Cultured Mycelium Inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infectivity Mechanisms
  Tena-Garitaonaindia, Frontiers in microbiology 2022
  • “...Moreover, the results shown in Table 1 evidence reduced transcript levels of the dctA gene (PA1183), associated with the normal growth of P. aeruginosa ( Valentini et al., 2011 ), and of the icmP gene (PA4370), encoding a metalloproteinase outer membrane protein which has been shown...”
  • “...N -acetylmuramoyl- L -alanine amidase 3.2 0.1798 PA0908 alpB Outer membrane protein AlpB 4.12 0.175 PA1183 dctA C4-dicarboxylate transport protein 6.2 0.0061 PA3866 Pyocin S4 soluble (S-type) pyocins 13.22 0.0373 PA4370 icmP Insulin-cleaving metalloproteinase outer membrane 5.64 0.0163 Experiments were conducted using IEC18 cells infected with...”
• Full Transcriptomic Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to an Inulin-Derived Fructooligosaccharide
  Rubio-Gómez, Frontiers in microbiology 2020
  • “...acid transport such as PA1342 ( aatj ), which encodes a C4-dicarboxylate transport protein and PA1183 ( dctA ), (2) Central metabolism, like a PA0795 ( prpC ), which regulates a citrate synthase, PA2008 ( fahA ) that controls a fumarylacetoacetase, and PA1585 ( sucA )...”
  • “...Hypothetical protein 0.7 0.000 0.5 0.003 PA1171 sltB2 Soluble lytic transglycolase 0.7 0.010 0.6 0.008 PA1183 dctA C4-dicarboxylate transport protein 1.5 0.000 1.2 0.000 PA1342 aatj Probable binding protein component of ABC transporter 1.0 0.000 1.1 0.000 PA1585 sucA 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 0.5 0.008 0.6 0.001 PA1588...”
• The absence of SigX results in impaired carbon metabolism and membrane fluidity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  Fléchard, Scientific reports 2018
  • “...these substrates (PA0208-PA0214 and PA0226-PA0235, respectively) (Supplementary Table S3, see section carbon metabolism). By contrast, PA1183 and PA4616 encoding the major DctA C 4 -dicarboxylate transporter and a putative C 4 -dicarboxylate binding protein of the DctP family, respectively, were down regulated in the sigX mutant...”
  • “...fumarate, two of the preferential carbon sources used by P. aeruginosa 37 . Interestingly, dctA (PA1183) was strongly down-regulated in PAOSX, in agreement with the lower expression of crc . Finally, Crc mediates catabolite repression of amiE , which encodes a short-chain aliphatic amidase and can...”
• GcsR, a TyrR-Like Enhancer-Binding Protein, Regulates Expression of the Glycine Cleavage System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
  Sarwar, mSphere 2016
  • “...PB Gene ID Gene name Mean fold change Biological function of product PA0976.1 2.2 tRNA-Lys PA1183 dctA 2.08 C 4 -dicarboxylate transport PA2442 gcvT2 2.7 Glycine metabolism PA2443 sdaA 2.19 Glycine metabolism PA2444 glyA2 38 Glycine metabolism PA2445 gcvP2 111.58 Glycine metabolism PA2446 gcvH2 188.91 Glycine...”
• Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming motility by 1-naphthol and other bicyclic compounds bearing hydroxyl groups
  Oura, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015
  • “...University of California, Berkeley Transport of small molecules PA1183 PA1342 PA1875 PA1876 PA4221 PA4222 PA4223 PA4359 PA5152 PA5167 Gene name Oura et al....”
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa MifS-MifR Two-Component System Is Specific for α-Ketoglutarate Utilization
  Tatke, PloS one 2015
  • “...11A ). PA5530 shares no homology with the P . aeruginosa C 4 -dicarboxylate transporter PA1183 (DctA). However, it does have conserved protein domain family PRK10406 implicated in -KG transport and shares ~70% homology to E . coli and Erwinia spp. -KG permease KgtP [ 78...”
• A shotgun antisense approach to the identification of novel essential genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  Rusmini, BMC microbiology 2014
  • “...( ipk ), PA2951 ( etfA ), PA3687 ( ppc ), PA3758 ( nagA ), PA1183 ( dctA ), and PA1805 ( ppiD ), which are homologous to genes previously shown to be essential in a limited number of bacterial species [ 20 ]. Table 1...”
  • “...Hi S86C PA3758 nagA - probable N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase (3) Central intermediary metabolism Hi, Mt E5 PA1183 dctA - C4-dicarboxylate transport protein (2) Transport of small molecules Ab S11C9 PA3382 phnE - phosphonate transport protein PhnE (2) Transport of small molecules S4E6 PA4903 vanK - probable major...”
• More
• Identification of C(4)-dicarboxylate transport systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.
  Valentini, Journal of bacteriology 2011
  • GeneRIF: The expression of dctA and dctPQM was growth phase dependent, being maximal in the early exponential growth phase and induced by succinate, malate, and fumarate.
• Loss of the Two-Component System TctD-TctE in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Affects Biofilm Formation and Aminoglycoside Susceptibility in Response to Citric Acid
  Taylor, mSphere 2019
  • “...c coIII Cytochrome c oxidase, subunit III 4.51 PA14_60190 clpB ClpB protein 3.81 PA14_07660 3.77 PA14_49130 dctA C 4 -Dicarboxylate transport protein 3.63 PA14_70040 dadA d -Amino acid dehydrogenase, small subunit 3.06 PA14_38840 2.88 PA14_17550 2.82 PA14_07680 2.78 PA14_68840 2.75 PA14_58690 2.68 PA14_61600 2.68 PA14_61610 2.60...”