PaperBLAST
PaperBLAST Hits for SwissProt::Q79VE0 Ectoine/glycine betaine/proline transporter EctP (Corynebacterium glutamicum (strain ATCC 13032 / DSM 20300 / JCM 1318 / BCRC 11384 / CCUG 27702 / LMG 3730 / NBRC 12168 / NCIMB 10025 / NRRL B-2784 / 534)) (615 a.a., MSSNIAITTE...)
Show query sequence
>SwissProt::Q79VE0 Ectoine/glycine betaine/proline transporter EctP (Corynebacterium glutamicum (strain ATCC 13032 / DSM 20300 / JCM 1318 / BCRC 11384 / CCUG 27702 / LMG 3730 / NBRC 12168 / NCIMB 10025 / NRRL B-2784 / 534))
MSSNIAITTEPEGKNKKGLKSDPFIFSISVGFIVVFVIATIALGEKARTTFSAIAGWLLE
NLGWMYIGGVSLVFIFLMGIFASRYGRVKLGDDDDDPEHTLIVWFCMLFAGGVGAVLMFW
GVAEPINHAFNVPMANEESMSEAAIVQAFAYTFYHFGIHMWVIMALPGLSLGYFIYKRKL
PPRLSSVFSPILGKHIYSTPGKLIDVLAIVGTTFGIAVSVGLGVLQINAGMNKLWSTPQV
SWVQLLIILIITAVACISVASGLDKGIKLLSNINIAMAVALMFFILFTGPTLTLLRFLVE
SFGIYASWMPNLMFWTDSFQDNPGWQGKWTVFYWAWTICWSPYVGMFVARISRGRTVREF
IGGVLALPAIFGVVWFSIFGRAGIEVELSNPGFLTQPTVVEGDVPAALFNVLQEYPLTGI
VSAFALVIIVIFFITSIDSAALVNDMFATGAENQTPTSYRVMWACTIGAVAGSLLIISPS
SGIATLQEVVIIVAFPFFLVQFVMMFSLLKGMSEDAAAVRRVQTRQWEKTDTPEKLEEHS
SQPAPGYDDEGNPLPMPALEHDEDGNIVIPGNVVIEGDLGVVGDVVDDPEEAQEMGSRFK
IVEQTRPQSRDEYDI
Running BLASTp...
Found 185 similar proteins in the literature:
ECTP_CORGL / Q79VE0 Ectoine/glycine betaine/proline transporter EctP from Corynebacterium glutamicum (strain ATCC 13032 / DSM 20300 / JCM 1318 / BCRC 11384 / CCUG 27702 / LMG 3730 / NBRC 12168 / NCIMB 10025 / NRRL B-2784 / 534) (see 3 papers)
TC 2.A.15.1.2 / Q79VE0 Ectosine/glycine betaine/proline:Na+ symporter (see 2 papers)
ectP / CAA04760.1 EctP protein from Corynebacterium glutamicum (see paper)
cg2539 ectoine/proline/glycine betaine carrier EctP from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032
100% identity, 100% coverage
- function: Involved in the uptake of osmoprotectants. Can transport ectoine, proline and glycine betaine. Na(+) is probably the coupling ion.
- substrates: Ectosine, Glycine betaine, Na+, Proline
- Anaerobic growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum via mixed-acid fermentation
Michel, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...Cg1105 Cg1167 Cg1169 Cg1257 Cg1305 Cg1314 Cg2537 Cg2539 Cg2563 Cg3080 Cg3357 NCgl0799 NCgl0856 NCgl0929 NCgl0985 NCgl0986 NCgl1062 NCgl1108 NCgl1116 NCgl2228...”
PP_3957 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
40% identity, 82% coverage
- Improvement in Salt Tolerance Ability of Pseudomonas putida KT2440
, Biology 2024 - “...Potassium-transporting ATPase A chain PP_3958 nhaA -II 7.429 0.0000 Na + /H + antiporter NhaA-II PP_3957 betB -III 5.018 0.0000 Choline/carnitine/betaine transporter PP_5064 betA 1.960 0.0348 Choline dehydrogenase PP_5063 betB 1.700 0.0878 NAD-dependent betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase PP_4479 astA 9.033 0.0000 Arginine N-succinyltransferase PP_4477 astB 3.837 0.0000...”
- Global Transcriptional Responses to Osmotic, Oxidative, and Imipenem Stress Conditions in Pseudomonas putida
Bojanovič, Applied and environmental microbiology 2017 - “...betaine uptake PP_0868 PP_0869 PP_0870 PP_0871 PP_2914 PP_3957 PP_0229 PP_1944 PP_0989 PP_5193 Trehalose and glycogen biosynthesis PP_2918 PP_4050 PP_4051...”
- Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...and the six in P. putida KT2440, PP_0229, PP_2692, PP_3957, PP_3628, PP_5061, and PP_5374. Only one gene within each of these sets exhibits a genetic...”
FTN_0767 betaine/carnitine/choline transporter (BCCT) family protein from Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida U112
42% identity, 75% coverage
- Molecular complexity orchestrates modulation of phagosome biogenesis and escape to the cytosol of macrophages by Francisella tularensis
Asare, Environmental microbiology 2010 - “...protein 3 tnfn1_pw060510p03q140 FTN_0741 proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT) family protein, di-or tripeptide:H+ symporter 5 tnfn1_pw060328p05q107 FTN_0767 betT betaine/carnitine/choline transporter (BCCT) family protein 4 tnfn1_pw060420p03q116 FTN_0824 major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transport protein 2 tnfn1_pw060510p04q173 FTN_0872 small conductance mechanosensitive ion channel (MscS) family protein 5 tnfn1_pw060328p06q175 FTN_0875 metabolite:H+...”
- Molecular bases of proliferation of Francisella tularensis in arthropod vectors
Asare, Environmental microbiology 2010 - “...3 tnfn1_pw060510p03q140 FTN_0741 proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT) family protein, di- or tripeptide:H+ symporter 5 tnfn1_pw060328p05q107 FTN_0767 betT betaine/carnitine/choline transporter (BCCT) family protein 4 tnfn1_pw060420p03q116 FTN_0824 major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transport protein 2 tnfn1_pw060510p04q173 FTN_0872 small conductance mechanosensitive ion channel (MscS) family protein 5 tnfn1_pw060328p06q175 FTN_0875 metabolite:H+...”
PA5291 probable choline transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
PA14_69850 putative holine-glycine betaine transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14
41% identity, 75% coverage
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation and diversification in the non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis lung
Hilliam, The European respiratory journal 2017 - “...pump, antibiotic resistance, virulence mucA PA0763 13 Anti- factor, mutations can lead to mucoidy betT2 PA5291 9 Transporter, uptake of small molecules such as choline and glycine betaine, contributing to growth via phosphatidyl choline metabolism and osmoprotection bifA PA4367 7 Cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, inversely regulates biofilm formation...”
- Dissection of the cis-2-decenoic acid signaling network in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using microarray technique
Rahmani-Badi, Frontiers in microbiology 2015 - “...pslB, mucBCD, wzt, waaACFG, rfaDE, wbpMWZ, wapR , lpxDO2, rmd, rmlC, PA1390, PA3242, PA3256, PA5238, PA5291 Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration azuA, narHIJK1, nasA, nirBCDFJLMNQS, ackA, nosDRZ, rubB napCF, nuoD, aer, ubiA, ercS, norD, etfB, hemE, PA0510, PA0516, PA0918, PA1779, PA3025, PA3491, PA4772, PA5491 Bacteriophage production PA0616-PA0623,...”
- Global regulation of gene expression by OxyR in an important human opportunistic pathogen
Wei, Nucleic acids research 2012 - “...ribosomal protein S12 PA4406 lpxC 1.27 123 1 ACTGTTTTCAACAAT 30 6.50 UDP-3-O-acyl- N -acetylglucosamine deacetylase PA5291 1.36 103 1 ATCGTGATAGCTAAT 64 7.12 Probable choline transporter PA0938 1.27 16 1 ATCATCGGTAGTTAT 96 6.67 Hypothetical protein PA2044 1.25 101 1 ATTGATAAAACCTAT 95 7.84 Hypothetical protein PA2145 1.04 8...”
- “...(putative nitrate ABC transporter), PA0186 (nitrate transport, periplasmic component), PA1541 (predicted drug efflux protein) and PA5291 (cholinebetaine transporter)], protein synthesis [PA0584 ( cca , tRNA nucleotidyl transferase), PA0903 ( alsS , alanyl-tRNA synthetase), PA0963 ( aspS , aspartyl-tRNA synthetase) and PA4268 ( rpsL , ribosomal protein...”
- Recombinant expression screening of P. aeruginosa bacterial inner membrane proteins
Madhavan, BMC biotechnology 2010 - “...tagged protein (MW = 60 kDa), Lane 3 PA3773 (MW = 39 kDa), Lane 4 PA5291 (MW = 73 kDa), Lane 5 Molecular weight markers with weights given in kDA, Lane 6 PA4083 (MW = 26 kDa), Lane 7 PA4417 (MW = 51 kDa), Lane 8...”
- The ATP-binding cassette transporter Cbc (choline/betaine/carnitine) recruits multiple substrate-binding proteins with strong specificity for distinct quaternary ammonium compounds
Chen, Molecular microbiology 2010 - “...by the redundancy of osmoregulatory QAC transporters [e.g. OpuC, BetT and BetT-like transporters such as PA5291 in P. aeruginosa ( Chen and Beattie, 2007 ; 2008 )], may have hindered previous attempts to identify such transporters ( Aurich and Kleber, 1970 ; Salvano et al. ,...”
- Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...the three putative BCCTs in P. aeruginosa PAO1, PA3933, PA5291, and PA5375, and the six in P. putida KT2440, PP_0229, PP_2692, PP_3957, PP_3628, PP_5061, and...”
- “...uptake under these conditions. Additionally, clones containing PA5291 conferred growth on a glycine betaine-amended hyperosmotic medium. In contrast, clones...”
- Roles of three transporters, CbcXWV, BetT1, and BetT3, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa choline uptake for catabolism
Malek, Journal of bacteriology 2011 - “...BetT2, and BetT3 (PA14_70980, PA14_12990, and PA14_69850, respectively). Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) choline in...”
Dde_3305 Choline-glycine betaine transporter from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20
38% identity, 84% coverage
tmaT / A0A0B5RUB0 trimethylamine transporter from Myroides profundi (see paper)
TMAT_MYRPR / A0A0B5RUB0 Trimethylamine transporter; TMA transporter; TMA-specific transporter from Myroides profundi (see paper)
MPR_0426 BCCT family transporter from Myroides profundi
40% identity, 81% coverage
- function: Catalyzes the transport of trimethylamine (TMA) from the environment into the cell (PubMed:33771875). Binds TMA with high affinity, but does not bind trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), glycine betaine, carnitine, choline or dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) (PubMed:33771875). Together with the TMA monooxygenase Mptmm, is part of a two-step metabolic pathway that improves both growth and survival at high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (PubMed:33771875).
- Oxidation of trimethylamine to trimethylamine N-oxide facilitates high hydrostatic pressure tolerance in a generalist bacterial lineage
Qin, Science advances 2021 - “...whose transcription levels were up-regulated at HHP condition (38 genes were found), and a gene (MPR_0426, tmaT ) encoding a predicted membrane protein belonging to the betaine, carnitine, and choline transporter (BCCT) family was found to be up-regulated 7.9-fold. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...”
SPISAL_05155 BCCT family transporter from Spiribacter salinus M19-40
40% identity, 82% coverage
WP_011815149 BCCT family transporter from Halorhodospira halophila
36% identity, 85% coverage
BETS_RHIML / G3XCN6 Glycine betaine/proline betaine transporter BetS from Rhizobium meliloti (Ensifer meliloti) (Sinorhizobium meliloti) (see paper)
TC 2.A.15.1.5 / Q92WM0 Glycine-betaine/proline-betaine:Na+ symporter, BetS; BetT, OpuD (see 2 papers)
42% identity, 70% coverage
- function: High-affinity Na(+)-coupled glycine betaine and proline betaine transport. Required for a rapid adaptation to osmotic stress. Does not transport other trimethylammonium or related molecules, such as choline, carnitine and ectoine.
disruption phenotype: Inactivation results in loss of protection by both glycine betaine and proline betaine after an osmotic upshock. - substrates: Glycine betaine, Na+, Proline betaine
CPS_4027 transporter, BCCT family from Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H
40% identity, 81% coverage
ABO_0232 Choline-glycine betaine transporter from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
40% identity, 67% coverage
- Genome sequence of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis
Schneiker, Nature biotechnology 2006 - “...to the uptake systems for glutamate ( glt P, ABO_1478, glt S, ABO_1616) and choline/betaine (ABO_0232, ABO_0637 and ABO_0808), the A. borkumensis SK2 genome contains the genetic determinants for the biosynthesis of glutamate ( glt A, ABO_1501, glt B, ABO_2229, glt D, ABO_2228 and glt X,...”
Mmah_0372 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Methanohalophilus mahii DSM 5219
38% identity, 87% coverage
Q0PCR9 ABC-type quaternary amine transporter (EC 7.6.2.9) from Aphanothece halophytica (see paper)
38% identity, 87% coverage
SR35_22010 BCCT family transporter from Escherichia coli
35% identity, 91% coverage
IL2388 Choline-glycine betaine transporter from Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR
37% identity, 74% coverage
DaAHT2_1056 BCCT family transporter from Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus AHT 2
35% identity, 92% coverage
GBTR_ACIAD / Q6F754 Glycine betaine transporter from Acinetobacter baylyi (strain ATCC 33305 / BD413 / ADP1) (see paper)
TC 2.A.15.1.9 / Q6F754 High affinity glycine betaine uptake system from Acinetobacter sp. (strain ADP1) (see paper)
ACIAD3460 putative high affinity choline transport protein (Bet-like) from Acinetobacter sp. ADP1
36% identity, 80% coverage
- function: Energy-dependent uptake of glycine betaine in response to high salinity.
disruption phenotype: Deletion of the gene completely abolishes glycine betaine transport. - substrates: Glycine betaine
- Salt adaptation in Acinetobacter baylyi: identification and characterization of a secondary glycine betaine transporter
Sand, Archives of microbiology 2011 (PubMed)- “...and one of the betaine/choline/carnitine transporter (BCCT) family (ACIAD3460). The latter is Communicated by Jan Roelof van der Meer. M. Sand * V. Muller...”
- “...transport in A. baylyi. The broad distribution of ACIAD3460 homologues indicates the essential role of secondary transporters in the adaptation of Acinetobacter...”
DSY3643 hypothetical protein from Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51
39% identity, 82% coverage
BETT2_ACIAD / Q6FDF5 Osmo-dependent choline transporter BetT2 from Acinetobacter baylyi (strain ATCC 33305 / BD413 / ADP1) (see paper)
37% identity, 74% coverage
- function: Uptake of choline in the presence of high salinity. May primarily serve for osmoprotection.
disruption phenotype: Mutant is impaired in osmo-dependent choline uptake activity. The betT1/betT2 double mutant is completely impaired in choline transport.
WP_011814173 BCCT family transporter from Halorhodospira halophila
40% identity, 80% coverage
ABO_0808 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
38% identity, 81% coverage
- Genome sequence of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis
Schneiker, Nature biotechnology 2006 - “...systems for glutamate ( glt P, ABO_1478, glt S, ABO_1616) and choline/betaine (ABO_0232, ABO_0637 and ABO_0808), the A. borkumensis SK2 genome contains the genetic determinants for the biosynthesis of glutamate ( glt A, ABO_1501, glt B, ABO_2229, glt D, ABO_2228 and glt X, ABO_1509), ectoine (...”
PMI0249 secondary glycine betaine transporter from Proteus mirabilis HI4320
36% identity, 87% coverage
GBT_DESHY / Q24SP9 Probable glycine betaine transporter from Desulfitobacterium hafniense (strain Y51) (see paper)
DSY3154 hypothetical protein from Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51
38% identity, 81% coverage
- function: Probably acts in the uptake of glycine betaine. May function in the pathway that allows anaerobic methylotrophic growth of D.hafniense using glycine betaine.
- Metaproteomics reveals methyltransferases implicated in dichloromethane and glycine betaine fermentation by 'Candidatus Formimonas warabiya' strain DCMF
Holland, Frontiers in microbiology 2022 - “...woodii DSM 1030 Awo_c07520 Awo_07560, Acetobacterium dehalogenans DSM 11527 A3KSDRAFT_02713 A3KSDRAFT_02709, D. hafniense Y51 DSY3157 DSY3154, strain DCMF Ga0180325_114734 Ga0180325_114742, Ca. Frackibacter sp. T328-2 AWU54_1980 AWU54_1975, Sporomusa ovata DSM 2662 SOV_3c09370SOV_3c09310, S. ovata An4 SpAn4DRAFT_2140 SpAn4DRAFT_2133. CoP, corrinoid protein; MTI, methyltransferase I; HydA, hydantoinase; MTII, methyltransferase...”
- A nonpyrrolysine member of the widely distributed trimethylamine methyltransferase family is a glycine betaine methyltransferase
Ticak, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014 - “...that non-Pyl mttB gene DSY3156 and BCCT gene DSY3154 could play important roles during growth on GB. DSY3156 Is a Glycine Betaine:Cob(I)alamin...”
- “...well as those encoding the putative BCCT genes (DSY3149, DSY3154, DSY3643, and DSY5010) were targeted at the locations indicated in Fig. 1. The melt curves...”
YP_001675036 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4
37% identity, 82% coverage
CPS_2003 choline/carnitine/betaine transport family protein from Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H
39% identity, 80% coverage
BTH_II1109 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Burkholderia thailandensis E264
37% identity, 75% coverage
SE0259 glycine betaine transporter opuD-like protein from Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228
35% identity, 88% coverage
HVO_B0012 glycine betaine transporter from Haloferax volcanii DS2
37% identity, 88% coverage
- Molecular Factors of Hypochlorite Tolerance in the Hypersaline Archaeon Haloferax volcanii
Gomez, Genes 2018 - “...by the transposon insertions, most were involved in transport (HVO_1003, HVO_2374, HVO_2375, HVO_2441, HVO_2469, HVO_A0494, HVO_B0012), with others related to redox homeostasis (HVO_0823 and HVO_2145), spermidine synthase (HVO_0255), or unknown functions (HVO_2653) (see later discussion). 3.4. Metal Ion Transport Gene homologs of metal ion transport were...”
- “...of intracellular Pi and/or polyP. 3.6. Organic Molecule Transport Organic molecule transport homologs (HVO_A0494 (TsgA6), HVO_B0012 (BetT), and HVO_2469 (SNF)) were found to be disrupted in several NaOCl-hypertolerant strains ( Figure 3 ). This finding was insightful as the growth medium included only five organic molecule...”
BpOF4_01050 glycine betaine transporter from Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4
37% identity, 84% coverage
- Genome of alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4 reveals adaptations that support the ability to grow in an external pH range from 7.5 to 11.4
Janto, Environmental microbiology 2011 - “...et al., 2007 ); uptake of glycine betaine, coupled to sodium by 5 OpuD transporters (BpOF4_01050, _01200, _14175, _18090, _18915), transporters whose importance has been shown in B. subtilis ( Kappes et al., 1996 ), as well as an ABC system (BpOF4_16115/_16120); and uptake of proline...”
OPUD_BACSU / P54417 Glycine betaine transporter OpuD from Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) (see paper)
TC 2.A.15.1.1 / P54417 Glycine betaine:Na+ symporter (also transports dimethylsulfonioacetate and dimethylsulfoniopropionate) from Bacillus subtilis (see 3 papers)
39% identity, 77% coverage
- function: High-affinity uptake of glycine betaine. Does not mediate either carnitine or choline uptake.
- substrates: Dimethylsulfonioacetate, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Glycine betaine, Na+
- In Silico Safety Assessment of <i>Bacillus</i> Isolated from Polish Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as Novel Probiotic Candidates
Bin, International journal of molecular sciences 2024 - “...ppaX Pyrophosphatase PpaX Q9JMQ2 oppA Oligopeptide-binding protein OppA P24141 Osmoprotectant opuD Glycine betaine transporter OpuD P54417 opuBD Choline transport system permease protein OpuBD P39775 opuBC Choline-binding protein Q45462 opuBB Choline transport system permease protein OpuBB Q45461 opuBA Choline transport ATP-binding protein OpuBA Q45460 opuCD Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline...”
TE101_08845 BCCT family transporter from Alteromonas macleodii
37% identity, 80% coverage
PA14_12990 probable choline transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14
PA3933 probable choline transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
36% identity, 76% coverage
- Roles of three transporters, CbcXWV, BetT1, and BetT3, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa choline uptake for catabolism
Malek, Journal of bacteriology 2011 - “...designated BetT1, BetT2, and BetT3 (PA14_70980, PA14_12990, and PA14_69850, respectively). Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the quaternary ammonium compound...”
- Lyngbyoic acid, a "tagged" fatty acid from a marine cyanobacterium, disrupts quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Kwan, Molecular bioSystems 2011 - “...(see Scheme S1, Supporting Information ). In another example, several genes involved in choline degradation (PA3933, betA , betB , betI and betT1 [PA53725375]), which were all upregulated by 4 (+9.6 to +18.1-fold) and also previously shown to be upregulated by phosphatidylcholine. 57 Importantly, although many...”
- Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...the three putative BCCTs in P. aeruginosa PAO1, PA3933, PA5291, and PA5375, and the six in P. putida KT2440, PP_0229, PP_2692, PP_3957, PP_3628, PP_5061,...”
- “...syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was more similar to PP_0229 and PA3933 (70 to 76% sequence identity with P. syringae BetT) than to PP_5061 or PA5375 (43 to 45%...”
- In vivo evidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nutrient acquisition and pathogenesis in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients
Son, Infection and immunity 2007 - “...PC PC PC PC PC PC Choline degradation PA3933 PA5372 PA5373 PA5374 PA5375 betAa betB betI betT1 Probable choline transporter Choline dehydrogenase Betaine...”
HZ99_19350 choline transporter BetT from Pseudomonas fluorescens
35% identity, 76% coverage
GM298_16430 choline BCCT transporter BetT from Enterobacter sp. HSTU-ASh6
32% identity, 88% coverage
Dret_2376 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Desulfohalobium retbaense DSM 5692
39% identity, 79% coverage
- Complete genome sequence of Desulfohalobium retbaense type strain (HR(100))
Spring, Standards in genomic sciences 2010 - “...ubiquitous in most environments. Two genes were found that encode putative choline transporters, Dret_1055 and Dret_2376. Following transport to the cytoplasm, choline could then be oxidized to glycine betaine by the enzymes choline dehydrogenase (Dret_0130) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (Dret_0129). The sensitivity of the obligately anaerobic...”
BETL_LISMN / Q9X4A5 Glycine betaine transporter BetL; Glycine betaine-Na(+) symporter from Listeria monocytogenes (see 4 papers)
TC 2.A.15.1.11 / Q9X4A5 Glycine betaine transporter BetL (Glycine betaine-Na(+) symporter) from Listeria monocytogenes (see 4 papers)
NP_465616 glycine betaine transporter BetL from Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e
lmo2092 glycine betaine transporter BetL from Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e
39% identity, 79% coverage
- function: High-affinity uptake of glycine betaine, driven by a sodium- motive force. Involved, with GbuABC and OpuC, in osmoprotection and cryoprotection of Listeria. Does not mediate either carnitine or choline uptake.
disruption phenotype: Mutants show a strong decrease in the rate of glycine betaine uptake. Mutation does not significantly affect cryoprotection or virulence of the organism, probably due to the presence of other glycine betaine/carnitine transporters in the cell. - substrates: Glycine betaine, Na+
- Specific osmolyte transporters mediate bile tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes.
Watson, Infection and immunity 2009 - GeneRIF: a minor role for the BetL transporter in fecal carriage of Listeria monocytogenes
- The population structure and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 strains based on genomic analysis
Song, Frontiers in microbiology 2022 - “...lmo2362, lmo2391, lmo0039, lmo0037, lmo0913, lmo0036 , and lmo1367 ), high salt concentration ( lmo2748, lmo2092, lmo1014, lmo1015, lmo1016, lmo1428, lmo1427, lmo1426 , and lmo1425 ), and biofilm formation ( lmo0673, lmo0435, lmo1460, lmo2504, lmo1288 , and inlL ), and SSI-1 containing five genes ( lmo0444lmo0448...”
- “...( cspB, cspD, lmo0866, lmo1722, lmo1378 , and lmo0288 ), high salt concentration ( lmo2748, lmo2092, lmo1014, lmo1015, lmo1016, lmo1428, lmo1427, lmo1426 , and lmo1425 ), and SSI-1 ( lmo0444, lmo0445, lmo0446, lmo0447 , and lmo0448 ) are shown. Click here for additional data file. Supplementary...”
- Different Shades of Listeria monocytogenes: Strain, Serotype, and Lineage-Based Variability in Virulence and Stress Tolerance Profiles
Muchaamba, Frontiers in microbiology 2021 - “...Encoding gene b Function/annotation a Number of genetic background- based SNPs or InDels c BetL lmo2092 Glycine betaine transporter 10 Gbu lmo1014 lmo1016 Glycine betaine transporter 5 OpuC lmo1425 lmo1428 Carnitine transporter 4 KdpED lmo2678 lmo2679 Kdp ATPase, two-component system for K+ uptake 36 KdpABC lmo2680...”
- Characterisation of the transcriptomes of genetically diverse Listeria monocytogenes exposed to hyperosmotic and low temperature conditions reveal global stress-adaptation mechanisms
Durack, PloS one 2013 - “...in stress response adaptation of this pathogen. One exception was significant up-regulation of betL ( lmo2092 ) in all strains during adaptation to salt stress only, as no change in transcription levels were evident in cold adapted cells. The BetL transporter is the secondary betaine transporter...”
- Comparative transcriptomics of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria species
Wurtzel, Molecular systems biology 2012 - “...(not shown). ( D ) anti2092 is a 450nt long asRNA transcribed opposite to the lmo2092 encoding BetL, an osmolyte transporter mediating bile tolerance in L. monocytogenes. Although a BetL homolog is present in L. innocua ( lin2197 ) no antisense transcript was detected in L....”
- Listeria monocytogenes shows temperature-dependent and -independent responses to salt stress, including responses that induce cross-protection against other stresses
Bergholz, Applied and environmental microbiology 2012 - “...lmo0433 lmo0955 lmo1014 lmo1022 lmo1428 lmo1473 lmo1580 lmo2067 lmo2069 lmo2092 lmo2196 lmo2748 lmo2754 lmo2785 lmo2812 37C 7C Name 2.5 5 10 20 Exp 2.5 5 10 20...”
BC5238 Glycine betaine transporter from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579
38% identity, 76% coverage
PSHAa2041 putative high-affinity choline transport protein from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125
37% identity, 78% coverage
LMOf2365_2124 glycine betaine transporter from Listeria monocytogenes str. 4b F2365
40% identity, 75% coverage
- Transcriptomic response of Listeria monocytogenes during the transition to the long-term-survival phase
Wen, Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 - “...included a glycine betaine transporter gene, LMOf2365_2124 (5.0-fold upregulation), a glycerol uptake facilitator protein-coding gene, glpF-2, (LMOf2365_1558;...”
- “...LMOf2365_1738, encoding MreB), transportation of compatible solutes (LMOf2365_2124, glpF-2, and treB), RNA synthesis (rpoA), and pH regulation (atpI) at...”
HELO_3694 choline BCCT transporter BetT from Halomonas elongata DSM 2581
37% identity, 80% coverage
VIBHAR_02455 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Vibrio harveyi ATCC BAA-1116
36% identity, 82% coverage
BCCT2_VIBPA / Q87NZ5 Glycine betaine/proline/choline transporter VP1723 from Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 (strain RIMD 2210633) (see paper)
VP1723 transporter, BCCT family from Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633
35% identity, 85% coverage
- function: Involved in the uptake of osmoprotectants. Can transport glycine betaine, proline and choline.
- The organosulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is utilized as an osmoprotectant by Vibrio species
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2021 (secret) - Stressed out: Bacterial response to high salinity using compatible solute biosynthesis and uptake systems, lessons from Vibrionaceae
Gregory, Computational and structural biotechnology journal 2021 - “...family transporters in Vibrio In V. parahaemolyticus, four BCCTs encoded by VP1456 ( bccT1 ), VP1723 ( bccT2 ), VP1905 ( bccT3 ), and VPA0356 ( bccT4 ) are present in all strains ( Fig. 3 ) [20] . All four BccT proteins are divergent from...”
- Investigations of dimethylglycine (DMG), glycine betaine and ectoine uptake by a BCCT family transporter with broad substrate specificity inVibriospecies
Gregory, 2020 - Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in Vibrio Species
Gregory, Journal of bacteriology 2020 - “...analysis of four triple-bccT mutants, possessing only one functional BCCT, indicated that BccT1 (VP1456), BccT2 (VP1723), and BccT3 (VP1905) transported DMG. BccT1 was unusual in that it could take up both compounds with methylated head groups (glycine betaine [GB], choline, and DMG) and cyclic compounds (ectoine...”
- CosR Is a Global Regulator of the Osmotic Stress Response with Widespread Distribution among Bacteria
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2020 (secret) - Quorum Sensing Regulators AphA and OpaR Control Expression of the Operon Responsible for Biosynthesis of the Compatible Solute Ectoine
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2019 (secret) - Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Ongagna-Yhombi, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...chromosome II) (16). Three out of four BCCTs (VP1456, VP1723, and VP1905) are located in chromosome I, while VPA0356 is found in chromosome II (16). Members of...”
- “...four putative betaine-carnitine-choline transporter (BCCT) homologues VP1456, VP1723, VP1905, and VPA0356 in the NaCl stress response. Expression analysis of...”
- Biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant ectoine, but not glycine betaine, is critical for survival of osmotically stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells
Ongagna-Yhombi, Applied and environmental microbiology 2013 - “...aspK and a homologue of the BCCT transporter encoded by VP1723 in the expected location on the genome as is present in V. parahaemolyticus. The two strains of...”
- More
TE101_16255 BCCT family transporter from Alteromonas macleodii
38% identity, 71% coverage
SpAn4DRAFT_2133 BCCT family transporter from Sporomusa ovata
37% identity, 81% coverage
- Metaproteomics reveals methyltransferases implicated in dichloromethane and glycine betaine fermentation by 'Candidatus Formimonas warabiya' strain DCMF
Holland, Frontiers in microbiology 2022 - “...Ca. Frackibacter sp. T328-2 AWU54_1980 AWU54_1975, Sporomusa ovata DSM 2662 SOV_3c09370SOV_3c09310, S. ovata An4 SpAn4DRAFT_2140 SpAn4DRAFT_2133. CoP, corrinoid protein; MTI, methyltransferase I; HydA, hydantoinase; MTII, methyltransferase II; BCCT, betaine/carnitine/choline family transporter; RACE, reductive activator of corrinoid-dependent enzymes; ProX, extracellular glycine betaine ligand binding protein. Asterisks indicate...”
HBA78_08680 choline BCCT transporter BetT from Escherichia coli
c0434 High-affinity choline transport protein from Escherichia coli CFT073
32% identity, 88% coverage
- An Environmental Escherichia coli Strain Is Naturally Competent to Acquire Exogenous DNA
Riva, Frontiers in microbiology 2020 - “...04665, HBA78_04680, HBA78_04690, HBA78_04695, HBA78_20315, HBA78_ 20335 + Choline and Betaine Uptake and Betaine Biosynthesis HBA78_08680, HBA78_08695 + Hydroxyaromatic non-oxidative decarboxylase protein HBA78_20830, HBA78_20835 + + indicates presence of functions; *Details on RAST and NCBI annotation can be found in Supplementary Table 2 . Considering genes...”
- Transcriptional responses of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to increased environmental osmolality caused by salt or urea
Withman, Infection and immunity 2013 - “...1.0), a betaine biosynthesis cluster betIBA-betT (c0433-c0431 and c0434, 1.9, 2.4), osmotically inducible gene osmE (c2138, 3.5, 0.8), and the putative gene bax...”
BetT / b0314 choline:H+ symporter from Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 (see 6 papers)
BetT / P0ABC9 choline:H+ symporter from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 5 papers)
BETT_ECOLI / P0ABC9 High-affinity choline transport protein from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 2 papers)
TC 2.A.15.1.4 / P0ABC9 The high-affinity, proton- or sodium-driven, secondary symporter, BetT from Escherichia coli (see 4 papers)
b0314 choline transporter of high affinity from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NP_414848 choline:H(+) symporter from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ECs0360 high-affinity choline transport from Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai
32% identity, 88% coverage
- function: High-affinity uptake of choline driven by a proton-motive force.
catalytic activity: choline(in) + H(+)(in) = choline(out) + H(+)(out) (RHEA:28843) - substrates: Choline, Na+
tcdb comment: The cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of plays a role in the regulation of BetT activity; C-terminal truncations cause BetT to be permanently locked in a low-transport-activity mode. (Tøndervik and Strøm 2007) - Computational prediction of the osmoregulation network in Synechococcus sp. WH8102
Mao, BMC genomics 2010 - “...expression under osmotic stress b0311 BetA Betaine synthetases with proline as the b0312 BetB substrate b0314 BetT Proline transporter b1896 OtsA Trehalose synthetases with UDPG as the b1897 OtsB substrate b2677 ProV Betaine/proline transporter b2678 ProW b2679 ProX b2938 SpeA Arginine synthetase b3404 EnvZ Two-component system...”
- “...1 E. coli sll0306 RpoD SYNW0102 SYNW0101-0102 1 PCC6803 b0312 BetB SYNW1956 0.99 E. coli b0314 BetT SYNW0229 SYNW0229-0233 0.99 E. coli b4111 ProP SYNW2494 SYNW2494-2495 E. coli b2677 ProV SYNW1915 SYNW1915-1917 0.56 E. coli b2678 ProW SYNW1916 SYNW1915-1917 0.99 E. coli b2679 ProX SYNW1917 SYNW1915-1917...”
- Rapid identification and mapping of insertion sequences in Escherichia coli genomes using vectorette PCR
Zhong, BMC microbiology 2004 - “...), respectively. The two additional insertions found in TD10 are: the IS3 -a insert between b0314 and b0315 and the IS1 -b insert associated with a deletion between b0319 and b0326 . Originally, TD2 and TD10 were constructed by P1 transduction of different lac operons into...”
- Combined, functional genomic-biochemical approach to intermediary metabolism: interaction of acivicin, a glutamine amidotransferase inhibitor, with Escherichia coli K-12
Smulski, Journal of bacteriology 2001 - “...b3957 b3172 b3960 b3237 b0754 b0928 b0311 b0312 b0313 b0314 b3336 b4149 b0175 b1216 b2592 b1249 b1042 b0623 b0733 b0341 b0031 b3639 b0297 b0594 b2323 b1080...”
- Membrane topology and mutational analysis of the osmotically activated BetT choline transporter of Escherichia coli.
Tøndervik, Microbiology (Reading, England) 2007 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: study shows the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of BetT plays an important role in the regulation of BetT activity and that C-terminal truncations can cause BetT to be permanently locked in a low-transport-activity mode
- Scorpion Venom Antimicrobial Peptides Induce Siderophore Biosynthesis and Oxidative Stress Responses in Escherichia coli
Tawfik, mSphere 2021 - “...Plasmid maintenance protein Crl 109 Transcriptional regulator of cryptic csgA gene ECs0346 31 Putative transporter ECs0360 30 High-affinity choline transport ECs0981 5 Anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide reductase subunitC fdnG 11 Formate dehydrogenase-N fdnH 7 Formate dehydrogenase-N fdnI 9 Formate dehydrogenase-N flmC 98 88 Hypothetical protein frsA 135...”
E2P69_RS12825 choline BCCT transporter BetT from Xanthomonas perforans
33% identity, 85% coverage
lin2197 glycine betaine transporter BetL from Listeria innocua Clip11262
39% identity, 77% coverage
ArtHe_11940 choline BCCT transporter BetT from Arthrobacter sp. Helios
38% identity, 67% coverage
SXYL_01535 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus xylosus
38% identity, 81% coverage
- Insight into the Genome of Staphylococcus xylosus, a Ubiquitous Species Well Adapted to Meat Products
Leroy, Microorganisms 2017 - “...SXYL_00486 ( lcdH ) , SXYL_00223-26 ( cudTCA , betA) , SXYL_00743 ( opuD2 ), SXYL_01535 ( opuD1 ), SXYL_01095, SXYL_02127-28 Na + /H + antiporter SXYL_01970-76 ( mnhA1B1C1D1E1F1G1 ) , SXYL_02220-26 ( mnhG2 F2E2D2C2B2A2 ) In red, genes overexpressed in a meat model. microorganisms-05-00052-t004_Table 4...”
- Transcriptomic analysis of Staphylococcus xylosus in the presence of nitrate and nitrite in meat reveals its response to nitrosative stress
Vermassen, Frontiers in microbiology 2014 - “...opuCC 0.3 1.8 SXYL_00491 opuCD ABC-type proline glycine betaine transport system permease component 0.3 2.0 SXYL_01535 opuD1 Glycine betaine transporter 0.5 0.5 C: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION SXYL_00830 atpD ATP synthase subunit beta 0.7 NA (+) /H (+) antiporter SXYL_01976 mnhG1 Na (+) /H (+) antiporter...”
A21D_03789 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
37% identity, 77% coverage
PSPTO_5269 transporter, BCCT family from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000
36% identity, 73% coverage
- Identification and characterization of a high-affinity choline uptake system of Brucella abortus
Herrmann, Journal of bacteriology 2013 - “...(SMc02737), and BetT of Pseudomonas syringae (PsBetT) (PSPTO_5269). Choline Transport in Brucella abortus of radiolabeled choline incorporated by B. abortus...”
- Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...containing 1,634-bp PCR-amplified fragment with partial PSPTO_5269 E. coli-Pseudomonas shuttle and cloning vector; oriVpVSI oriVp15A oriT; Kmr pME6041...”
- “...Kmr pME6041 containing 7.7-kb EcoRV genomic fragment with PSPTO_5269 and its flanking regions (bases 5,986,969 to 5,994,741 in the DC3000 genome); Kmr 66 13...”
- Characterization of the osmoprotectant transporter OpuC from Pseudomonas syringae and demonstration that cystathionine-beta-synthase domains are required for its osmoregulatory function
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2007 - “...into the EcoRV site of pME6041. The PSPTO_0462 and PSPTO_5269 genes were deleted in the PSPTO_4575 deletion mutant, described above, by using the lambda Red...”
- “...one putative secondary transporter for choline, PSPTO_5269 (not shown). Sequence alignment of the predicted substrate-binding components, ATPases, and...”
VK055_1950 choline BCCT transporter BetT from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae
34% identity, 78% coverage
- A Serendipitous Mutation Reveals the Severe Virulence Defect of a Klebsiella pneumoniae fepB Mutant
Palacios, mSphere 2017 - “...VK055_1954 Acetyltransferase family protein VK055_1953 Choline dehydrogenase VK055_1952 Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase VK055_1951 Transcriptional repressor BetI VK055_1950 Transporter, betaine/carnitine/choline transporter family protein VK055_1949 ykfE , inhibitor of vertebrate C-type lysozyme VK055_1948 Bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix, LysR family protein VK055_1947 Mechanosensitive ion channel family protein VK055_1946 Hypothetical kinase VK055_1945...”
CBO1131 glycine betaine transporter from Clostridium botulinum A str. ATCC 3502
38% identity, 78% coverage
PBPRA2516 putative transporter, BCCT family from Photobacterium profundum SS9
36% identity, 83% coverage
ArtHe_13245 BCCT family transporter from Arthrobacter sp. Helios
36% identity, 89% coverage
PP_3628 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
36% identity, 76% coverage
PSPPH_4859 transporter, BCCT family from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A
36% identity, 73% coverage
TC 2.A.15.1.3 / Q4ZLW8 Low affinity (0.9 mM), high efficiency, choline/glycine betaine:H+ symporter, BetT from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (strain B728a) (see paper)
Psyr_4827 BCCT transporter from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a
36% identity, 73% coverage
PSHAa1436 Choline-glycine betaine transporter from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125
37% identity, 83% coverage
8ybqA Choline transporter bett - cht bound (see paper)
36% identity, 79% coverage
- Ligand: choline ion (8ybqA)
HI1706 high affinity choline transport protein from Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20
37% identity, 73% coverage
- The iron/heme regulated genes of Haemophilus influenzae: comparative transcriptional profiling as a tool to define the species core modulon
Whitby, BMC genomics 2009 - “...dehydrogenase, HI0980 encoding the DNA architectural protein Fis, HI1384 encoding the ferritin subunit A1 and HI1706 which encodes the osmoprotection-related protein BetT. Genes selected for validation which failed to show significant fold change when analyzed by microarray were: HI0502 which encodes RbsG (involved in ribose transport)...”
- “...+1.67 ns -1.60 HI1384 ftnA1 +3.21 +4.34 +2.01 +4.43 HI1427 ABCt. -6.60 -5.18 -2.32 -2.64 HI1706 betT +3.24 +3.23 +3.39 +3.57 a Fold change between the FeHm unsupplemented and supplemented sample from the microarray. b Fold change between the FeHm unsupplemented and supplemented sample from the...”
- Transcriptional profile of Haemophilus influenzae: effects of iron and heme
Whitby, Journal of bacteriology 2006 - “...1 3 HI12533HI1254 HI12823HI1284 2 3 HI13843HI1385 HI1386 HI15844HI1585 HI1586 HI1706 HI1733 2 1 2 1 1 1 1.64 1.86 1.53 1.44 1.47 ccmDEFG sprT recJ, pfs 1.81...”
- Cloning and sequencing of a genomic island found in the Brazilian purpuric fever clone of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius
McGillivary, Infection and immunity 2005 - “...INFECT. IMMUN. a homolog of the H. influenzae Rd HI1706 gene (Fig. 2), which is predicted to encode a high-affinity choline transport protein (13). The last...”
- “...1,720 bp and the first 240 bp of the F3031 HI1706 homolog flank the 5 and 3 ends of the disrupting fragment, respectively. Based on similarity, the entire...”
- Effect of multiple mutations in the hemoglobin- and hemoglobin-haptoglobin-binding proteins, HgpA, HgpB, and HgpC, of Haemophilus influenzae type b
Morton, Infection and immunity 1999 - “...California, Berkeley Strains H. influenzae HI689 HI1704 HI1705 HI1706 HI1707 HI1708 HI1709 HI1710 HI1711 HI1712 HI1713 HI1714 HI1715 HI1716 HI1717 Reference or...”
- “...designated HI689hgpADBglII), the hgpB single mutant (HI1706, previously designated HI689hgpBDBclI), and the hgpA hgpB double mutant (HI1708, previously...”
SSP1409 glycine betaine transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305
37% identity, 88% coverage
DV527_RS07570 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus
37% identity, 88% coverage
SSP0323 glycine betaine transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305
36% identity, 86% coverage
LHK_01689 BetT from Laribacter hongkongensis HLHK9
37% identity, 81% coverage
HQ775_RS23930, HQ843_RS06820 BCCT family transporter from Martelella sp. NC18
36% identity, 81% coverage
- Genomic Analysis of Halotolerant Bacterial Strains Martelella soudanensis NC18T and NC20
Lee, Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 2022 - “...K02002 glycine betaine transport system substrate-binding protein HQ775_RS10900 HQ843_RS19805 TC.BCT K03451 betaine/carnitine transporter, BCCT family HQ775_RS23930 HQ843_RS06820 yiaN K21393 TRAP-type transport system large permease protein HQ775_RS17765, HQ775_RS19690 HQ843_RS16050, HQ843_RS12970 kch, trkA, mthK, pch K10716 voltage-gated potassium channel HQ775_RS12215 HQ843_RS18505 kdpA K01546 potassium-transporting ATPase potassium-binding subunit HQ775_RS21590...”
- “...glycine betaine transport system substrate-binding protein HQ775_RS10900 HQ843_RS19805 TC.BCT K03451 betaine/carnitine transporter, BCCT family HQ775_RS23930 HQ843_RS06820 yiaN K21393 TRAP-type transport system large permease protein HQ775_RS17765, HQ775_RS19690 HQ843_RS16050, HQ843_RS12970 kch, trkA, mthK, pch K10716 voltage-gated potassium channel HQ775_RS12215 HQ843_RS18505 kdpA K01546 potassium-transporting ATPase potassium-binding subunit HQ775_RS21590 HQ843_RS09155...”
IL1418 Choline-glycine betaine transporter from Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR
35% identity, 82% coverage
VC1279 transporter, BCCT family from Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar eltor str. N16961
34% identity, 85% coverage
- Nonhemolysis of epidemic El Tor biotype strains of Vibrio cholerae is related to multiple functional deficiencies of hemolysin A
Fan, Gut pathogens 2019 - “...1979 (CT) occurred but was a synonymous mutation. This strain was also hemolytic. Both strains (VC1279 and VC2568) in ST.4 and ST.5 were hemolysis negative, presenting a 4-base deletion of nucleotide 1088 to 1091 in the hlyA ORF. In addition, a point mutation was detected at...”
- “...it did not affect the hemolytic activity of HlyA. Using the genome DNAs of strains VC1279 and VC2568 as templates, we cloned their hlyA genes into the expression plasmid pBAD33, and we generated the recombinant plasmids pBAD33-ST.4 and pBAD33-ST.5 and transferred them into strain C hlyA,...”
- Transcriptomics reveals a cross-modulatory effect between riboflavin and iron and outlines responses to riboflavin biosynthesis and uptake in Vibrio cholerae
Sepúlveda-Cisternas, Scientific reports 2018 - “...VC1266 hypothetical periplasmic lipoprotein, like to irpA, COG3488 1.086 VC1278 transcriptional regulator MarR family 2.100 VC1279 transporter BCCT family 4.896 VC1280 hypothetical protein 1.144 VC1314 transporter putative 1.487 VC1315 sensor histidine kinase 1.179 VC1324 hypothetical protein 1.104 VC1343 peptidase M20A family 1.335 VC1373 DnaK-related protein 1.039...”
- “...the largest set of genes defined by any of our comparisons (Table S3 ). The VC1279 ORF, encoding a putative member of the Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporters (BCCT) family, was the highest regulated gene, being induced 29.6 times in response to ribD elimination. Also atop of the list...”
- Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Ongagna-Yhombi, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...high-affinity uptake of choline (24). In Vibrio cholerae, OpuD (VC1279), the only BCCT present in this species, was found to play a role in the uptake of...”
- “...at 44%. VP1905 shared the highest amino acid identity with VC1279, the sole V. cholerae BCCT, at 82% identity, with VP1456 next at 68%, then VP1723 at 49%, and,...”
- The transcriptional regulator, CosR, controls compatible solute biosynthesis and transport, motility and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae
Shikuma, Environmental microbiology 2013 - “...VC0173 peptide ABC transporter permease protein 3.45 VC1092 oppB oligopeptide ABC transporter permease protein 2.07 VC1279 opuD transporter BCCT family 6.17 VC1854 ompT ompT protein 0.45 VC1929 dctP-2 C4-dicarboxylate-binding periplasmic protein 3.08 VCA0516 fruA-2 PTS system fructose-specific IIBC component 0.40 VCA0745 glpF Glycerol uptake facilitator protein...”
- Identification and characterization of OscR, a transcriptional regulator involved in osmolarity adaptation in Vibrio cholerae
Shikuma, Journal of bacteriology 2009 - “...response to salinity, but the expression of opuD (VC1279) increased with increasing concentrations of NaCl (Fig. 1B). The compatible solute biosynthesis genes...”
- Genetic analysis of Vibrio cholerae monolayer formation reveals a key role for DeltaPsi in the transition to permanent attachment
Van, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...February 13, 2017 by University of California, Berkeley VC1279, are the major transporters of proline in V. cholerae (23). Structure-function studies of E. coli...”
- Detection and transformation of genome segments that differ within a coastal population of Vibrio cholerae strains
Miller, Applied and environmental microbiology 2007 - “...to VC1286 transformed into W6G using primers in VC1279, VC1280, and VC1287. Downloaded from http://aem.asm.org/ on February 13, 2017 by University of...”
- “...had been recombined into the W6G chromosome, between VC1279 and VC1287. These results demonstrate that recently isolated environmental strains can acquire new...”
- Role for glycine betaine transport in Vibrio cholerae osmoadaptation and biofilm formation within microbial communities
Kapfhammer, Applied and environmental microbiology 2005 - “...1,132-bp in-frame deletions in the chromosomal loci VC1279 (opuD) and VCA1071 (putP), respectively, were constructed by double homologous recombination as...”
- “...This revealed the presence of a gene at locus VC1279 encoding a protein of 540 amino acids in the BCCT family of secondary transporters, which includes...”
VIBHAR_01883 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Vibrio harveyi ATCC BAA-1116
36% identity, 83% coverage
Dret_1055 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Desulfohalobium retbaense DSM 5692
38% identity, 82% coverage
- Complete genome sequence of Desulfohalobium retbaense type strain (HR(100))
Spring, Standards in genomic sciences 2010 - “...and hence ubiquitous in most environments. Two genes were found that encode putative choline transporters, Dret_1055 and Dret_2376. Following transport to the cytoplasm, choline could then be oxidized to glycine betaine by the enzymes choline dehydrogenase (Dret_0130) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (Dret_0129). The sensitivity of the...”
PP_5374 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
34% identity, 81% coverage
Mmah_1398 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Methanohalophilus mahii DSM 5219
36% identity, 83% coverage
VIBR0546_02830 BCCT family transporter from Vibrio brasiliensis LMG 20546
35% identity, 83% coverage
MSMEG_1883 glycine betaine transporter OpuD from Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155
35% identity, 79% coverage
- Dynamic Transcriptional Landscape of Mycobacterium smegmatis under Cold Stress
Grigorov, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...[ 34 ], and Virgibacillus pantothenticus [ 35 ]. The glycine betaine transporter (opuD) gene (MSMEG_1883), associated with the adaptation of B. subtilis to low temperatures [ 36 ], was also upregulated in M. smegmatis at the early stage of cold exposure (2 and 5 h)....”
- “...). The most significant functional groups are the following: Transporters of osmoprotectants betaine and ectoine MSMEG_1883 and MSMEG_5368 , respectively, which were upregulated. This process likely reflects another pathway for the accumulation of osmoprotectants in the cell, in addition to the synthesis described earlier; Transporters of...”
HNY42_RS02725 BCCT family transporter from Exiguobacterium sp. Helios
37% identity, 84% coverage
- Xerotolerance: A New Property in Exiguobacterium Genus
López, Microorganisms 2021 - “...4-hydroxybenzoate and benzoate ( Table 3 ). Regarding stress-resistance genes, Exiguobacterium sp. Helios genome contains HNY42_RS02725, coding a putative transport system of glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) which is a very efficient osmolyte that accumulates at high cytoplasmic concentrations in response to osmotic stress [ 46 ]. HNY42_RS02725...”
VpaChn25_1793 BCCT family transporter from Vibrio parahaemolyticus
36% identity, 83% coverage
PP0229, PP_0229 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
35% identity, 75% coverage
- UEG Week 2024 Poster Presentations
, United European gastroenterology journal 2024 - UEG Week 2023 Poster Presentations
, United European gastroenterology journal 2023 - Global Transcriptional Responses to Osmotic, Oxidative, and Imipenem Stress Conditions in Pseudomonas putida
Bojanovič, Applied and environmental microbiology 2017 - “...uptake PP_0868 PP_0869 PP_0870 PP_0871 PP_2914 PP_3957 PP_0229 PP_1944 PP_0989 PP_5193 Trehalose and glycogen biosynthesis PP_2918 PP_4050 PP_4051 PP_4052...”
- Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...and PA5375, and the six in P. putida KT2440, PP_0229, PP_2692, PP_3957, PP_3628, PP_5061, and PP_5374. Only one gene within each of these sets exhibits a...”
- “...from P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was more similar to PP_0229 and PA3933 (70 to 76% sequence identity with P. syringae BetT) than to PP_5061 or PA5375 (43 to...”
A21D_02157 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
35% identity, 81% coverage
BCCT3_VIBPA / Q87NG3 Glycine betaine transporter 1 from Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 (strain RIMD 2210633) (see paper)
VP1905 transporter, BCCT family from Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633
35% identity, 83% coverage
- function: Involved in the uptake of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine.
- Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effect of Low NaCl Concentration on Osmotic Stress and Type III Secretion System in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Zhang, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...3 C). Furthermore, the transporters encoded by VP1726-VP1728 ( proVWX ), VP1456 ( opuD1 ), VP1905 ( opuD3 ), and VPA0356 ( opuD4 ) were significantly downregulated in 0.5% NaCl compared with 3% NaCl ( Figure 3 C). These results indicate that V. parahaemolyticus could regulate...”
- The organosulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is utilized as an osmoprotectant by Vibrio species
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2021 (secret) - Stressed out: Bacterial response to high salinity using compatible solute biosynthesis and uptake systems, lessons from Vibrionaceae
Gregory, Computational and structural biotechnology journal 2021 - “...In V. parahaemolyticus, four BCCTs encoded by VP1456 ( bccT1 ), VP1723 ( bccT2 ), VP1905 ( bccT3 ), and VPA0356 ( bccT4 ) are present in all strains ( Fig. 3 ) [20] . All four BccT proteins are divergent from each other suggesting different...”
- Investigations of dimethylglycine (DMG), glycine betaine and ectoine uptake by a BCCT family transporter with broad substrate specificity inVibriospecies
Gregory, 2020 - Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in Vibrio Species
Gregory, Journal of bacteriology 2020 - “...triple-bccT mutants, possessing only one functional BCCT, indicated that BccT1 (VP1456), BccT2 (VP1723), and BccT3 (VP1905) transported DMG. BccT1 was unusual in that it could take up both compounds with methylated head groups (glycine betaine [GB], choline, and DMG) and cyclic compounds (ectoine and proline). Bioinformatics...”
- CosR Is a Global Regulator of the Osmotic Stress Response with Widespread Distribution among Bacteria
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2020 (secret) - Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Ongagna-Yhombi, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...II) (16). Three out of four BCCTs (VP1456, VP1723, and VP1905) are located in chromosome I, while VPA0356 is found in chromosome II (16). Members of the BCCT...”
- “...putative betaine-carnitine-choline transporter (BCCT) homologues VP1456, VP1723, VP1905, and VPA0356 in the NaCl stress response. Expression analysis of the...”
- Osmoadaptation among Vibrio species and unique genomic features and physiological responses of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Naughton, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009 - “...additional BCCTs were identified, open reading frames VP1456, VP1905, and VPA0356, herein referred to as BCCT1, BCCT3, and BCCT4, respectively (Fig. 2)....”
- More
Eab7_0234 BCCT family transporter from Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7
37% identity, 83% coverage
OSU_2908 BCCT family transporter from Vibrio cholerae PS15
33% identity, 89% coverage
- Comparative genome analysis of non-toxigenic non-O1 versus toxigenic O1 Vibrio cholerae.
Mukherjee, Genomics discovery 2014 - “...tripartite multidrug resistance system OSU_0595 L1R1A1 AmpG permease OSU_2915 L1QVA5 High-affinity choline uptake protein BetT OSU_2908 L1QUU0 Uncharacterized protein OSU_3399 L1QSI2 Tricarboxylate transport membrane protein TctA EMBL EKY32019 OSU_2305 L1QVL0 Uncharacterized protein OSU_2298 L1QWR3 Ca 2+ /H + antiporter OSU_1800 L1QX51 Putative permease OSU_2291 L1QWA8 Transporter,...”
BCCT1_VIBPA / Q87PP5 Glycine betaine/proline/choline/ectoine transporter VP1456 from Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 (strain RIMD 2210633) (see paper)
VP1456 transporter, BCCT family from Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633
35% identity, 83% coverage
- function: Involved in the uptake of osmoprotectants. Can transport glycine betaine, proline, choline and ectoine.
- Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effect of Low NaCl Concentration on Osmotic Stress and Type III Secretion System in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Zhang, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...3% NaCl ( Figure 3 C). Furthermore, the transporters encoded by VP1726-VP1728 ( proVWX ), VP1456 ( opuD1 ), VP1905 ( opuD3 ), and VPA0356 ( opuD4 ) were significantly downregulated in 0.5% NaCl compared with 3% NaCl ( Figure 3 C). These results indicate that...”
- The organosulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is utilized as an osmoprotectant by Vibrio species
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2021 (secret) - Stressed out: Bacterial response to high salinity using compatible solute biosynthesis and uptake systems, lessons from Vibrionaceae
Gregory, Computational and structural biotechnology journal 2021 - “...S2 ). 3.3 BCCT family transporters in Vibrio In V. parahaemolyticus, four BCCTs encoded by VP1456 ( bccT1 ), VP1723 ( bccT2 ), VP1905 ( bccT3 ), and VPA0356 ( bccT4 ) are present in all strains ( Fig. 3 ) [20] . All four BccT...”
- Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in Vibrio Species
Gregory, Journal of bacteriology 2020 - “...Growth pattern analysis of four triple-bccT mutants, possessing only one functional BCCT, indicated that BccT1 (VP1456), BccT2 (VP1723), and BccT3 (VP1905) transported DMG. BccT1 was unusual in that it could take up both compounds with methylated head groups (glycine betaine [GB], choline, and DMG) and cyclic...”
- Investigations of dimethylglycine (DMG), glycine betaine and ectoine uptake by a BCCT family transporter with broad substrate specificity inVibriospecies
Gregory, 2020 - CosR Is a Global Regulator of the Osmotic Stress Response with Widespread Distribution among Bacteria
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2020 (secret) - QseC Inhibition as a Novel Antivirulence Strategy for the Prevention of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)-Causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Yang, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2020 - “...protein ImpJ/VasE VP1454 2.990298 1.34E-23 Type VI secretion lipoprotein/VasD VP1455 2.964036 9.35E-25 Uncharacterized protein ImpI/VasC VP1456 2.786061 6.17E-22 hypothetical protein VP1457 3.429694 2.33E-25 Uncharacterized protein ImpA VP1458 4.096527 7.38E-41 IcmF-related protein VP1459 2.94613 3.15E-19 Transcriptional regulator VP1460 1.667593 9.05E-10 Uncharacterized protein ImpH/VasB VP1461 2.279961 2.73E-16 Protein...”
- Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Ongagna-Yhombi, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...in chromosome II) (16). Three out of four BCCTs (VP1456, VP1723, and VP1905) are located in chromosome I, while VPA0356 is found in chromosome II (16). Members...”
- “...the four putative betaine-carnitine-choline transporter (BCCT) homologues VP1456, VP1723, VP1905, and VPA0356 in the NaCl stress response. Expression analysis...”
- More
- Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in Vibrio Species
Gregory, Journal of bacteriology 2020 (secret)
Rv0917 POSSIBLE GLYCINE BETAINE TRANSPORT INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN BETP from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
38% identity, 81% coverage
- MtrA Response Regulator Controls Cell Division and Cell Wall Metabolism and Affects Susceptibility of Mycobacteria to the First Line Antituberculosis Drugs
Gorla, Frontiers in microbiology 2018 - “...MtrA binding to select targets PsigD ( rv3414c ), PoxyS ( rv0117 ), Pwag31, PbetP (rv0917), Prv3887, PwhiB3 ( rv3416 ) and MtrA Y 102C binding to PbetP, Prv2526 was further validated by EMSA (Supplementary Figure S4 ). The previously reported MtrA binding to PrpfB (...”
- Identification of novel mutations associated with cycloserine resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chen, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2017 - “...Instead, we identified 13 new genes [rv0059, betP (rv0917), rv0221, rv1403c, rv1683, rv1726, gabD2 (rv1731), rv2749, sugI (rv3331), hisC2 (rv3772), the 50...”
- “...-- D344N A93V P56S intergenic insertion rv0759c non-synonymous betP (rv0917) (#27) Ins C T941G -- L314R 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 non-synonymous intergenic...”
- Identification of novel mutations associated with cycloserine resistance inMycobacterium tuberculosis
Zhang, 2017 - From Corynebacterium glutamicum to Mycobacterium tuberculosis--towards transfers of gene regulatory networks and integrated data analyses with MycoRegNet
Krawczyk, Nucleic acids research 2009 - “...stress response Rv3913 ( trxB2 ), Rv3914 ( trxC ) MtrA SOS and stress response Rv0917 ( betP ), Rv3476c ( kgtP ) CspA Carbohydrate metabolism Rv1837c ( glcB ) Specific biosynthesis pathways PyrR Specific biosynthesis pathways Rv1379 ( pyrR ), Rv1380 ( pyrB ), Rv1381...”
- Functional genomics reveals extended roles of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis stress response factor sigmaH
Mehra, Journal of bacteriology 2009 - “...0.028 0.022 0.011 0.036 0.041 0.017 0.013 Transport Rv0917 Rv2937 Rv2938 Rv2846c Rv1811 Rv2281 MT0955 Rv1217c Rv0986 Rv0987 Rv1349 betP drrB drrC efpA mgtC...”
SSKA14_516 choline BCCT transporter BetT from Stenotrophomonas sp. SKA14
35% identity, 78% coverage
L7V4D0 Glycine betaine transport integral membrane protein BetP from Mycobacterium liflandii (strain 128FXT)
38% identity, 79% coverage
A21D_00835 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
36% identity, 80% coverage
VIBHAR_06429 hypothetical protein from Vibrio harveyi ATCC BAA-1116
35% identity, 77% coverage
YPO1168 high-affinity choline transport protein from Yersinia pestis CO92
35% identity, 77% coverage
BJL65_06835 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus aureus
36% identity, 88% coverage
BJL64_06800 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus aureus
36% identity, 88% coverage
WP_011813054 BCCT family transporter from Halorhodospira halophila
35% identity, 81% coverage
SSP0701 putative glycine betaine transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305
34% identity, 84% coverage
SAV1348 glycine betaine transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50
SA1183 glycine betaine transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315
SAOUHSC_01346 glycine betaine transporter, putative from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325
SAUSA300_1245 glycine betaine transporter opuD from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300_FPR3757
MW1236 glycine betaine transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2
SACOL1384 osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT family from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL
SAFDA_1245 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus aureus
36% identity, 88% coverage
- Staphylococcus aureus virulence expression is impaired by Lactococcus lactis in mixed cultures
Even, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009 - “...MW2469 clpL SAV0828 MW0781 SAV0498 MW0453 SAV0704 MW0666 SAV1348 SAV1339 SAV0522 MW1236 MW1226 MW0477 opuD lexA ctsR SAV1491 MW1445 srrB SAV1492 MW1446 srrA...”
- Osmolyte transport in Staphylococcus aureus and the role in pathogenesis
Schwan, World journal of clinical infectious diseases 2016 - “...N315 MW2 COL Mu50 putP SA1718 MW1843 SACOL1963 SAV1902 putP SA0531 MW0528 SACOL0620 SAV0573 opuD SA1183 MW1236 Yes (2) 2 SAV1349 4 opuD1 - 1 - 1 SACOL1384 ND 3 opuD2 - 1 - 1 SACOL2176 ND 3 opuCA SA2237 MW2372 ND 3 SAV2448 opuCB SA2236...”
- Large tandem chromosome expansions facilitate niche adaptation during persistent infection with drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Gao, Microbial genomics 2015 - “...contained the shortest example of the region 1 chromosome duplication, covering 11 coding sequences from SA1183 to SA1193 ( Fig. 4 ). These coding sequences included genes encoding proteins involved in DNA replication, in particular chromosome segregation ( parC , parE ), and mprF , encoding...”
- Exposure of clinical MRSA heterogeneous strains to β-lactams redirects metabolism to optimize energy production through the TCA cycle
Keaton, PloS one 2013 - “...precursor Autolysin precursor SA0185 murQ 7.9 N-acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate etherase Involved in N-acetylmuramic acid degradation SA1183 opuD 2.7 glycine betaine transporter Transporter SA1987 6.4 hypothetical protein Probable glycine betaine transporter opuD homolog. SA0659 3.6 hypothetical protein Similar to CsbB stress response protein. SA0511 2.2 hypothetical protein...”
- Revealing fosfomycin primary effect on Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome: modulation of cell envelope biosynthesis and phosphoenolpyruvate induced starvation
Petek, BMC microbiology 2010 - “...individual gene level. For example, alanine racemase gene SA1231, some transporter genes ( opp2B , SA1183, SA1972, msmX , SA0207, malF ) and amino acid biosynthesis genes dhoM and hisC were significantly differentially expressed only at higher concentrations of fosfomycin (see Additional file 1 ). Metabolic...”
- The lantibiotic mersacidin is a strong inducer of the cell wall stress response of Staphylococcus aureus
Sass, BMC microbiology 2008 - “...hypothetical protein, similar to chitinase B 14.2 3.9 15.3 SA0931 hypothetical protein 4.9 3.2 6.2 SA1183 opuD glycine betaine transporter Protein transport and binding 0.9 0.5 0.5 SA1255 PTS system, glucose-specific enzyme IIA component Protein transport and binding 4.7 10.7 2.6 13.1 SA1282 recU recombination protein...”
- Serial daptomycin selection generates daptomycin-nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains with a heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate phenotype
Camargo, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2008 - “...0.92 1.29 0.86 1.73 1.89 1.18 Transporter SA0616 SA0617 SA1183 SA0172 vraF vraG opuD 2.06 2.18 2.19 2.32 1.37 1.76 2.55 0.84 SA0674 SA0874 SA0875 SA0592 SA0593...”
- Characterization of the oxygen-responsive NreABC regulon of Staphylococcus aureus
Schlag, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...SA0477 SA0478 SA0562 SA0588 SA0589 SA1140 SA1149 SA1150 SA1183 SA1269 SA1270 SA1271 SA1506 SA1709 SA2007 SA2008 SA2142 SA2143 SA2204 SA2356 SA2410 lysC asd dapA...”
- Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII coordinately represses the synthesis of virulence factors and the transcription regulator Rot by an antisense mechanism
Boisset, Genes & development 2007 - “...lytM (petidoglycane hydrolase), SA2093 (homologous to SsaA), and SA1183 (a choline-glycine transporter), whose expression was shown to be repressed by the agr...”
- More
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses of a Tea-Tree Oil-Selected Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variant
Torres, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2019 - “...4.0 SAOUHSC_01261 CinA competence-damage inducible protein stress response 2.6 SAOUHSC_01264 71 aa protein uncharacterized 18.4 SAOUHSC_01346 OpuD proline/choline/glycine betaine transporter transporter 3.0 SAOUHSC_01348 YneP acyl-CoA thioesterase uncharacterized 6.1 SAOUHSC_01401 LysA diaminopimelate decarboxylase amino acid metabolism 1.2 SAOUHSC_01490 Hup DNA-binding protein HU DNA replication, recombination and repair...”
- Modulation of cell wall synthesis and susceptibility to vancomycin by the two-component system AirSR in Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325
Sun, BMC microbiology 2013 - “...1 2.05 SAOUHSC_01147 murD UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligase, MurD 2.58 SAOUHSC_01148 ftsQ Cell division protein, putative 2.38 SAOUHSC_01346 Glycine betaine transporter, putative 4.62 SAOUHSC_01400 Alanine racemase, putative 2.81 SAOUHSC_02317 murF UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2,6-diaminopimelate--D-alanyl-D-alanyl ligase 2.3 SAOUHSC_02318 ddl D-alanyl-alanine synthetase A 2.34 SAOUHSC_02399 glmS Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 2.05 SAOUHSC_02444 Osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT...”
- Identification of the main glutamine and glutamate transporters in Staphylococcus aureus and their impact on c-di-AMP production
Zeden, Molecular microbiology 2020 - “...al., 2017 ). Previously, we found that inactivation of the main glycine betaine transporter OpuD (SAUSA300_1245) as well as the predicted amino acid transporter AlsT (SAUSA300_1252) allows an S. aureus dacA mutant to grow in rich medium in the absence of cdiAMP (Zeden et al., 2018...”
- “...; Zeden et al., 2018 ). We also reported that inactivating mutations in opuD ( SAUSA300_1245 ) coding for the main glycine betaine osmolyte transporter and alsT ( SAUSA300_1252 ) coding for a predicted amino acid sodium symporter, rescue the growth defect observed for the cdiAMP...”
- Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is required for osmotic regulation in Staphylococcus aureus but dispensable for viability in anaerobic conditions
Zeden, The Journal of biological chemistry 2018 - “...growth rescue phenotype ( Table 1 ). More specifically, mutations were identified in opuD ( SAUSA300_1245 ) and alsT ( SAUSA300_1252 ) coding for the predicted glycinebetaine transporter OpuD and the predicted alanineproton symporter AlsT, respectively ( Fig. 3 B ). In addition, several strains contained...”
- Osmolyte transport in Staphylococcus aureus and the role in pathogenesis
Schwan, World journal of clinical infectious diseases 2016 - “...MW2 COL Mu50 putP SA1718 MW1843 SACOL1963 SAV1902 putP SA0531 MW0528 SACOL0620 SAV0573 opuD SA1183 MW1236 Yes (2) 2 SAV1349 4 opuD1 - 1 - 1 SACOL1384 ND 3 opuD2 - 1 - 1 SACOL2176 ND 3 opuCA SA2237 MW2372 ND 3 SAV2448 opuCB SA2236 MW2371...”
- Rsp inhibits attachment and biofilm formation by repressing fnbA in Staphylococcus aureus MW2
Lei, Journal of bacteriology 2011 - “...ddh fdhD frp Regulation MW0935 MW2128 2.4 4.2 Transporter MW1236 MW0528 MW0114 MW0115 MW0147 MW0148 MW0253 MW2370 MW2261 MW0218 MW0958 MW2374 2.4 3.7 2.6 2.2...”
- Staphylococcus aureus virulence expression is impaired by Lactococcus lactis in mixed cultures
Even, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009 - “...MW0781 SAV0498 MW0453 SAV0704 MW0666 SAV1348 SAV1339 SAV0522 MW1236 MW1226 MW0477 opuD lexA ctsR SAV1491 MW1445 srrB SAV1492 MW1446 srrA spoVG Heat shock...”
- Osmolyte transport in Staphylococcus aureus and the role in pathogenesis
Schwan, World journal of clinical infectious diseases 2016 - “...SACOL0620 SAV0573 opuD SA1183 MW1236 Yes (2) 2 SAV1349 4 opuD1 - 1 - 1 SACOL1384 ND 3 opuD2 - 1 - 1 SACOL2176 ND 3 opuCA SA2237 MW2372 ND 3 SAV2448 opuCB SA2236 MW2371 ND 3 SAV2447 opuCC SA2235 MW2370 ND 3 SAV2446 opuCD SA2234...”
- Changes in the Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome during early adaptation to the lung
Chaffin, PloS one 2012 - “...in vivo. Also upregulated were the choline-glycine betaine osmoprotectant transporter genes cudT (SACOL2632) and opuD (SACOL1384) and opp-1ABCDF , SACOL2476-71) an oligopeptide permease complex. Interestingly, oligopeptide uptake has been linked with regulation of virulence determinates in a number of species including S. aureus and the opp...”
- Understanding the Mechanism of Action of NAI-112, a Lanthipeptide with Potent Antinociceptive Activity
Tocchetti, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...587945 SAFDA_0507 to SAFDA_0508 SNP C to A b Non-coding Poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-glucosyltransferase GTP cyclohydrolase 1340002 SAFDA_1245 to SAFDA_1246 SNP G to A Non-coding Glycine betaine transporteraconitate hydratase 1357466 SAFDA_1256 SNP T to C b Synonymous Transposase 1721972 SAFDA_1584 SNP A to G Synonymous Truncated transposase 1721999...”
NWMN_1261 glycine betaine transporter 1 from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. Newman
36% identity, 88% coverage
VV2103 choline-glycine betaine transporter from Vibrio vulnificus YJ016
34% identity, 83% coverage
SXYL_00743 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus xylosus
35% identity, 84% coverage
- Transcriptomic Analysis of Staphylococcus xylosus in Solid Dairy Matrix Reveals an Aerobic Lifestyle Adapted to Rind
Leroy, Microorganisms 2020 - “...Anti-sigma-B factor antagonist, Serine-protein kinase RsbW and RNA polymerase sigma factor 3.8 * 3.8 * SXYL_00743 opuD2 Glycine betaine transporter 5.0 3.7 SXYL_00744 amaP Alkaline shock response membrane anchor protein 13.2 11.3 SXYL_00745 DUF2273 domain-containing protein 11.6 11.2 SXYL_00746 asp23 Alkaline shock protein 23 9.2 12.8...”
- Insight into the Genome of Staphylococcus xylosus, a Ubiquitous Species Well Adapted to Meat Products
Leroy, Microorganisms 2017 - “...( opuCABCD ) , SXYL_00486 ( lcdH ) , SXYL_00223-26 ( cudTCA , betA) , SXYL_00743 ( opuD2 ), SXYL_01535 ( opuD1 ), SXYL_01095, SXYL_02127-28 Na + /H + antiporter SXYL_01970-76 ( mnhA1B1C1D1E1F1G1 ) , SXYL_02220-26 ( mnhG2 F2E2D2C2B2A2 ) In red, genes overexpressed in a...”
A21D_00685 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
39% identity, 73% coverage
CV4302 high-affinity choline transport protein from Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472
37% identity, 75% coverage
SPISAL_05630 BCCT family transporter from Spiribacter salinus M19-40
35% identity, 80% coverage
HELO_1580 BCCT family transporter from Halomonas elongata DSM 2581
36% identity, 81% coverage
DSY3149 hypothetical protein from Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51
34% identity, 81% coverage
ARUE_c04460 BCCT family transporter from Arthrobacter sp. Rue61a
34% identity, 86% coverage
A21D_00070 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
34% identity, 82% coverage
SAR2276 glycine betaine transporter 2 from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252
DA471_RS03440, KQ76_RS11175 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus aureus
34% identity, 85% coverage
- The Staphylococcus aureus response to unsaturated long chain free fatty acids: survival mechanisms and virulence implications
Kenny, PloS one 2009 - “...4.25E-02 SAR1657 dnaK chaperone protein 2.41 2.17E-03 SAR2273 asp23 alkaline shock protein 23 2.06 3.86E-02 SAR2276 opuD2 glycine betaine transporter 2 4.42 6.16E-03 SAR2561 alkylhydroperoxidase, AhpD family 6.83 8.77E-04 SAR2628 clpL putative ATPase subunit of an ATP-dependent protease 4.06 4.79E-03 Energy Metabolism SAR0113 lldP1 L-lactate permease...”
- In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy Assessment of Ethanolic, Aqueous, and Dual Solvent Extracts of Mushroom <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>: Genomic and Morphological Analysis
Akamu, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2024 - “...G. lucidum showed significant sweeps in Mn (2+)-dependent dipeptidase ( sapep), BCCT family transporter ( KQ76_RS11175 ), gluconokinase ( gntK ), nand efflux RND transporter permease subunit/lipid II:glycine glycyltransferase ( KQ76_RS11540/femX ). Furthermore, cells treated with ethanol and dual-extracted displayed mutations in ECF-type riboflavin transporter substrate-binding...”
- “...serine--tRNA ligase/AzlC family ABC transporter permease 2,233,551 T39 S * (A C TA G T) KQ76_RS11175 BCCT family transporter 460,550 intergenic (+70/69) KQ76_RS02145/KQ76_RS02150 hypothetical protein/N-acetyltransferase 2,541,135 Y291 * (TA C TA G ) gntK gluconokinase 2,574,727 G69 R * ( G GC C GC) KQ76_RS13020 alpha/beta...”
- Silversol® (a Colloidal Nanosilver Formulation) Inhibits Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Disrupting Its Physiology in Multiple Ways
Thakkar, Pharmaceutics 2024 - “...EIIBC component 2.3 0.03 0 34 DA471_RS08610 - DUF1398 family protein 2.28 0.03 NA 35 DA471_RS03440 opuD2 BCCT family transporter 2.27 0.03 NA 36 DA471_RS10560 - Hypothetical protein 2.25 0.04 NA 37 DA471_RS12545 vraA AMP-binding protein 2.23 0.04 NA 38 DA471_RS13380 Cspa Cold-shock protein 2.22 0.04...”
SA1987 hypothetical protein from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315
34% identity, 85% coverage
- Exposure of clinical MRSA heterogeneous strains to β-lactams redirects metabolism to optimize energy production through the TCA cycle
Keaton, PloS one 2013 - “...acid 6-phosphate etherase Involved in N-acetylmuramic acid degradation SA1183 opuD 2.7 glycine betaine transporter Transporter SA1987 6.4 hypothetical protein Probable glycine betaine transporter opuD homolog. SA0659 3.6 hypothetical protein Similar to CsbB stress response protein. SA0511 2.2 hypothetical protein Similar to nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar epimerases. SA1141 glpK 7.2...”
- Bacteria, phages and septicemia
Gaidelyte, PloS one 2007 - “...For S. aureus , Sa1252, Sa1303, Sa1433, Sa1469, Sa1582, Sa1631, Sa1742, Sa1808, Sa1896, Sa2320, and Sa1987 were used as potential indicator strains. For P. aeruginosa , Pa1315, Pa1400, Pa1414, Pa1499, Pa1641, Pa1651, Pa1786, Pa2302, Pa2371, K, O5(R18), O(pJB10), O1(pLM2), and O were used as potential indicator...”
- Living with an imperfect cell wall: compensation of femAB inactivation in Staphylococcus aureus
Hübscher, BMC genomics 2007 - “...balance osmotic pressure due to the weakened cell wall. In contrast, opuD and its homologue, sa1987 , members of the betaine/carnitine/choline transporter (BCCT) family, were downregulated in BB1305. This latter family of transporters, however, may respond to other kinds of osmotic stress than the opuC operon....”
- DNA microarray-based identification of genes associated with glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Cui, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2005 - “...the dap operon (lysC, asd, dapA, dapD), proP, SA1987 (glycine betaine transporter opuD homolog), and opp-2B (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). Enzymes...”
- “...56). Activation of the transport system for glycine betaine (SA1987) and proline betaine (proP) is supposed to increase the glycine pool (51), which is an...”
- RsbU-dependent regulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation is mediated via the alternative sigma factor sigmaB by repression of the negative regulator gene icaR
Knobloch, Infection and immunity 2004 - “...conserved compared to that in S. aureus. Interestingly, the SA1987 gene, which is preceded by the P3 promoter in S. aureus, is missing in this chromosomal...”
- “...no open reading frame homologous to the S. aureus SA1987 gene could be detected in the asp23 promoter region. SA1987 is a homologue to the S. aureus...”
STRSA0001_1242 BCCT family transporter from Streptococcus salivarius SK126
38% identity, 78% coverage
A0J47_RS07020 BCCT family transporter from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
35% identity, 83% coverage
SAV2185 glycine betaine transporter opuD homolog from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50
34% identity, 85% coverage
ECTT_VIRPA / Q93AK1 Ectoine/hydroxyectoine transporter from Virgibacillus pantothenticus (see paper)
TC 2.A.15.1.8 / Q93AK1 The ectoine/hydroxyectoine:Na+ symporter, EctT from Virgibacillus pantothenticus
34% identity, 81% coverage
- function: Mediates the import of ectoine and hydroxyectoine, which function as osmotic and cold stress protectants. Has also minor uptake activities for the compatible solutes proline and glycine betaine.
- substrates: Ectoine, Hydroxyectoine, Na+
SAUSA300_2145 glycine betaine transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300_FPR3757
SAOUHSC_02444 osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT family, opuD-like protein, putative from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325
NWMN_2089 osmoprotectant transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. Newman
SACOL2176 osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT family from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL
33% identity, 85% coverage
- Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Genetic Factors Involved in Human Endothelial Cells Damage, an Important Phenotype Correlated with Persistent Endovascular Infection
Xiao, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 - “...21.38 6.70 SAUSA300_1126 rnc ribonuclease III 21.34 5.04 SAUSA300_1437 hypothetical phiSLT ORF204-like protein 21.26 3.02 SAUSA300_2145 hypothetical glycine betaine transporter 21.18 9.85 SAUSA300_2288 hypothetical ABC transporter ATP-binding protein 21.10 15.49 SAUSA300_0698 pabA para-aminobenzoate synthase, glutamine amidotransferase, component II 21.05 4.75 SAUSA300_0519 hypothetical hypothetical protein 20.86 6.93...”
- Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for high-throughput fitness quantification and identification of determinants for dalbavancin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus
Liu, mSystems 2024 - “...eutD;lipL Phosphate acetyltransferase_N-octanoyltransferase 2.0 5.8E 05 n.t. SAOUHSC_01866 ccrZ Cell cycle regulator 1.7 0.00017 n.t. SAOUHSC_02444 opuD2 BCCT-family osmoprotectant transporter 1.8 0.00018 n.t. SAOUHSC_01466 recU;pbp2 Holliday junction resolvase; penicillin-binding protein 2 1.6 0.00039 n.t. SAOUHSC_01548 _01548 Conserved hypothetical protein 1.5 0.00040 n.t. SAOUHSC_00833 _00833 Nitroreductase domain...”
- Genome-wide CRISPRi screens reveal the essentialome and determinants for susceptibility to dalbavancin inStaphylococcus aureus
Liu, 2023 - Lysogenization of Staphylococcus aureus RN450 by phages ϕ11 and ϕ80α leads to the activation of the SigB regulon
Fernández, Scientific reports 2018 - “...3.26 Up SAOUHSC_02441 asp23 9.56 28.18 Up SAOUHSC_02442 7.60 27.27 Up SAOUHSC_02443 8.17 29.88 Up SAOUHSC_02444 4.99 19.92 Up SAOUHSC_02451 0.44 0.49 SAOUHSC_02452 lacD 0.38 0.45 SAOUHSC_02453 lacC 0.39 0.49 SAOUHSC_02597 2.12 2.90 Up SAOUHSC_02620 0.45 0.24 Down SAOUHSC_02729 2.20 3.14 Up SAOUHSC_02771 2.96 5.46 Up...”
- Modulation of cell wall synthesis and susceptibility to vancomycin by the two-component system AirSR in Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325
Sun, BMC microbiology 2013 - “...murF UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2,6-diaminopimelate--D-alanyl-D-alanyl ligase 2.3 SAOUHSC_02318 ddl D-alanyl-alanine synthetase A 2.34 SAOUHSC_02399 glmS Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 2.05 SAOUHSC_02444 Osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT family, opuD-like protein 2.86 SAOUHSC_02998 cap5C Capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein, Cap5C 2.04 a - indicates down-regulated in the airSR mutant. Autolysis rate induced by Triton X-100 To...”
- The Staphylococcus aureus GGDEF domain-containing protein, GdpS, influences protein A gene expression in a cyclic diguanylic acid-independent manner
Shang, Infection and immunity 2009 - “...SAOUHSC_01249 SAOUHSC_02606 SAOUHSC_02607 SAOUHSC_00132 SAOUHSC_02444 SAOUHSC_01013 SAOUHSC_00804 SAOUHSC_02932 SAOUHSC_00544 SAOUHSC_00545 SAOUHSC_00974...”
- Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Survival Responses of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to Sapienic Acid
Moran, Frontiers in microbiology 2017 - “...and osmoprotectant transporters were upregulated in response to sapienic challenge in S. aureus (NWMN_2457, NWMN_2050, NWMN_2089 and NWMN_0690) and S. epidermidis (SETU_02263 and SETU_00248-00254). The transcriptional upregulation of these transporters may protect the cell from the effects of solute leakage and membrane depolarization caused by sapienic...”
- Induction of virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus by pulmonary surfactant
Ishii, Infection and immunity 2014 - “...(32, 37, 38), csb7 (31, 32, 39), and opuD2 (NWMN_2089; an ortholog of SACOL2176 in S. aureus strain COL) (31-34, 37), were also upregulated by treatment with...”
- “...None 7 Palmitate 6 Surfactant * * * 5 * 4 3 * # * csb7 NWMN_2089 # 2 1 0 None hlgB 15 1 2.0 0.0 sigB * 7 4 WT Palmitate sigB/pHYsigB 6 5 0 psiA 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1...”
- Inactivation of the Ecs ABC transporter of Staphylococcus aureus attenuates virulence by altering composition and function of bacterial wall
Jonsson, PloS one 2010 - “...cation efflux 0.5 0.5 NWMN_2076 FecCD iron compound ABC transporter permease 0.5 NWMN_2081 transporter 0.2 NWMN_2089 BCCT family osmoprotectant transporter 2.1 NWMN_2224 PTS system component 2.1 1.8 NWMN_2246 sodium/glutamate symporter 2.5 2.4 NWMN_2261 ABC transporter ATP-binding protein HtrB 2.2 NWMN_2268 L-lactate permease 3.0 NWMN_2279 PTS system...”
- Apt (Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase) Mutation in Laboratory-Selected Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
Lamichhane-Khadka, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...factor ND 2.2 SACOL2088 sceD sceD autolysin 2.7 3.7 SACOL2092 murA UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase ND 2.7 SACOL2176 opuD1 BCCT family osmoprotectant transporter 2.2 2.3 SACOL2181 lacE PTS system, lactose-specific IIBC components 12.7 6.1 SACOL2182 lacF PTS system, lactose-specific IIA component 10.8 (4.0) 9.0 (3.2) SACOL2187 lacA1 Hypothetical...”
- Osmolyte transport in Staphylococcus aureus and the role in pathogenesis
Schwan, World journal of clinical infectious diseases 2016 - “...SAV1349 4 opuD1 - 1 - 1 SACOL1384 ND 3 opuD2 - 1 - 1 SACOL2176 ND 3 opuCA SA2237 MW2372 ND 3 SAV2448 opuCB SA2236 MW2371 ND 3 SAV2447 opuCC SA2235 MW2370 ND 3 SAV2446 opuCD SA2234 MW2369 ND 3 SAV2445 1 Does not possess;...”
- Induction of virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus by pulmonary surfactant
Ishii, Infection and immunity 2014 - “...(31, 32, 39), and opuD2 (NWMN_2089; an ortholog of SACOL2176 in S. aureus strain COL) (31-34, 37), were also upregulated by treatment with palmitate or...”
- Staphylococcus aureus gene expression in a rat model of infective endocarditis
Hanses, Genome medicine 2014 - “...transporter, permease protein malK SACOL0192 14.7 14.7 6.2 6.8 maltose ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein opuD SACOL2176 2.0 2.4 ns ns osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT family tet38 SACOL0122 21.2 12.2 13.1 8.9 tetracycline-resistance protein, putative ulaA SACOL0400 12.9 5.6 7.3 3.2 PTS system ascorbate-specific transporter uhpT SACOL0200 125...”
- Investigating the genetic regulation of the ECF sigma factor σS in Staphylococcus aureus
Burda, BMC microbiology 2014 - “...Histidyl-tRNA synthetase SACOL2070 P257S P257S Sensor histidine kinase KdpD SACOL2150 A1128T V1818I SasB protein (fmtB) SACOL2176 A382V A382V Osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT family SACOL2188 G8E G112E Lactose phosphotransferase system repressor In an effort to determine if the effect on sigS expression is direct or indirect we performed...”
- Response of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to amicoumacin A
Lama, PloS one 2012 - “...Cation efflux family protein SACOL2136 c 4.1 1.4 Hypothetical B SACOL0264 4.0 4.5 ABC transporter SACOL2176 3.8 2.2 OpuD2, osmoprotectant transporter + B SACOL0681 d 3.3 3.5 monovalent cation/H + antiporter C B SACOL0679 d 3.1 2.8 monovalent cation/H + antiporter A B SACOL0682 d 3.0...”
- “...operon transcription as shown by the microarray hybridization result. Transcription of another operon starting from SACOL2176 was also upregulated at t 10 in the microarray results but the transcription decreased to the untreated level at t 40 ( Table 1 and Table S1 ). SACOL2176 encodes...”
- Response of Staphylococcus aureus to salicylate challenge
Riordan, Journal of bacteriology 2007 - “...Microarray SCOTS SACOL2515 SACOL2514 SACOL2300 SACOL2176 SACOL1062 SACOL0856 SACOL1913 SACOL2301 SACOL0589 SACOL2462 SACOL1329 SACOL2229 SACOL2233 SACOL2605...”
HQ775_RS27890, HQ843_RS28025 BCCT family transporter from Martelella sp. NC20
36% identity, 75% coverage
- Genomic Analysis of Halotolerant Bacterial Strains Martelella soudanensis NC18T and NC20
Lee, Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 2022 - “...osmoprotectant transport system substrate-binding protein HQ775_RS25200, HQ775_RS27895 HQ843_RS05550, HQ843_RS28020 opuD, betL K05020 glycine betaine transporter HQ775_RS27890 HQ843_RS28025 pepQ K01271 Xaa-Pro dipeptidase HQ775_RS07200 HQ843_RS23495 proV K02000 glycine betaine transport system ATP-binding protein HQ775_RS10910 HQ843_RS09775, HQ843_RS05790, HQ843_RS19795 proW K02001 glycine betaine transport system permease protein HQ775_RS24955, HQ775_RS10905 HQ843_RS05795,...”
- “...transport system substrate-binding protein HQ775_RS25200, HQ775_RS27895 HQ843_RS05550, HQ843_RS28020 opuD, betL K05020 glycine betaine transporter HQ775_RS27890 HQ843_RS28025 pepQ K01271 Xaa-Pro dipeptidase HQ775_RS07200 HQ843_RS23495 proV K02000 glycine betaine transport system ATP-binding protein HQ775_RS10910 HQ843_RS09775, HQ843_RS05790, HQ843_RS19795 proW K02001 glycine betaine transport system permease protein HQ775_RS24955, HQ775_RS10905 HQ843_RS05795, HQ843_RS19800...”
AMETH_3300 BCCT family transporter from Amycolatopsis methanolica 239
35% identity, 75% coverage
PP_5061 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
29% identity, 92% coverage
- Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...six in P. putida KT2440, PP_0229, PP_2692, PP_3957, PP_3628, PP_5061, and PP_5374. Only one gene within each of these sets exhibits a genetic arrangement like...”
- “...on this similarity to E. coli betT, the genes PP_5061 and PA5375 (annotated as betT1) were predicted to encode functional choline transporters (55, 62, 65)....”
HELO_3358 BCCT family transporter from Halomonas elongata DSM 2581
36% identity, 82% coverage
WP_003858479 glycine betaine transporter BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum
35% identity, 83% coverage
Pput_4934 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Pseudomonas putida F1
A5WA94 Choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Pseudomonas putida (strain ATCC 700007 / DSM 6899 / JCM 31910 / BCRC 17059 / LMG 24140 / F1)
31% identity, 81% coverage
- Resuscitation of Pulsed Electric Field-Treated Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas putida in a Rich Nutrient Medium
Emanuel, Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...17.90 1.57 22.14 1.10 A5W312 Deoxyribonuclease I Pput_2383 35.477 ND 21.05 0.18 A5WA94 Choline/carnitine/betaine transporter Pput_4934 73.501 20.91 0.14 24.61 0.52 Note: * Since a t -test must be done on normally distributed data, thus mass-spectrometry data is log-normalized, we applied log 2 transformation to the...”
- Resuscitation of Pulsed Electric Field-Treated Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas putida in a Rich Nutrient Medium
Emanuel, Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...is to protect the cell from foreign DNA attack [ 77 ]. The choline/carnitine/betaine transporter (A5WA94) is coupled to sodium or proton transporters and is known as an accumulated solutes system that ensures cell turgor at high osmolarity. Osmotically controlled uptake systems allow the scavenging of...”
- “...protein Pput_1111 27.45 17.90 1.57 22.14 1.10 A5W312 Deoxyribonuclease I Pput_2383 35.477 ND 21.05 0.18 A5WA94 Choline/carnitine/betaine transporter Pput_4934 73.501 20.91 0.14 24.61 0.52 Note: * Since a t -test must be done on normally distributed data, thus mass-spectrometry data is log-normalized, we applied log 2...”
BETP_CORGL / P54582 Glycine betaine transporter BetP; Glycine betaine permease from Corynebacterium glutamicum (strain ATCC 13032 / DSM 20300 / JCM 1318 / BCRC 11384 / CCUG 27702 / LMG 3730 / NBRC 12168 / NCIMB 10025 / NRRL B-2784 / 534) (see 17 papers)
TC 2.A.15.1.10 / P54582 Glycine betaine transporter, BetP. The x-ray structure is known (3PO3; 2WIT; Ressl et al., 2009). Regulatory crosstalk in the trimeric BetP has been reported (Gärtner et al., 2011). An extracellular K+ -dependent interaction site modulates betaine-binding (Ge et al., 2011). The porter is trimeric and exhibits structural asymmetry (Tsai et al., 2011). The C-terminal domain is involved in osmosensing and is trimeric like wild-type BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum (see paper)
cg1016 glycine betaine transporter from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032
35% identity, 83% coverage
- function: Involved in response to osmotic stress (PubMed:10625602, PubMed:19262666, PubMed:21364531, PubMed:24141878, PubMed:7642496, PubMed:9446558). High-affinity glycine betaine-specific uptake system, which couples the uptake of glycine betaine to the symport of two Na(+) ions (PubMed:10625602, PubMed:15134432, PubMed:19262666, PubMed:21364531, PubMed:22940865, PubMed:24141878, PubMed:7642496). Transport is driven both by the Na(+) gradient and by the electrical potential (PubMed:10625602, PubMed:7642496). In addition, functions both as an osmosensor and as an osmoregulator that transduces signal to the catalytic part of the carrier protein, which adapts its activity to the extent of osmotic stress (PubMed:10625602, PubMed:11574473, PubMed:9446558).
subunit: Homotrimer (PubMed:15046983, PubMed:19262666, PubMed:21364531, PubMed:21681199, PubMed:22940865, PubMed:24141878, PubMed:25023443). The monomer can accumulate glycine betaine, but trimerization is required to properly respond to osmotic stress (PubMed:21681199).
disruption phenotype: Mutant shows strongly decreased glycine betaine uptake. - substrates: Glycine betaine, K+
tcdb comment: The two Na+ binding sites are between TMSs 1 and 8 in the first and second 5 TMS repeats, and between the equivalent TMSs 6 and 3 in the second and first repeats, respectively (Khafizov et al. 2012). interdependent binding of betaine and two sodium ions is observed during the coupling process. All three sites undergo progressive reshaping and dehydration during the alternating-access cycle, with the most optimal coordination of all substrates found in the closed state (Perez et al. 2014). BetP is active and regulated only when negatively charged lipids such as phosphatidyl glycerol are present, and the mechanism has been discussed (Güler et al. 2016). The K+-sensing C-terminal domain results in K+-dependent cooperative betaine-binding (Ge et al. 2011) - They all rock: A systematic comparison of conformational movements in LeuT-fold transporters.
Licht, bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024 - “...ibogaine d cryo-EM 3.6 4LLH (A) O op 2-(trimethyl-lambda~5~-arsanyl) ethanol b X-ray 2.8 Cg BetP P54582 4AIN (A) O oc betaine X-ray 3.1 4C7R (A) I op n/a X-ray 2.7 4D1D (A) O op 5-(2-naphthylmethyl)-L-hydantoin b X-ray 3.7 Ml Mhp1 D6R8X8 4D1B (A) O oc benzyl-hydantoin...”
- Insights into autoregulation of a membrane protein complex by its cytoplasmic domains
Leone, Biophysical journal 2023 (secret) - Anaerobic growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum via mixed-acid fermentation
Michel, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...Cg0555 Cg0568 NCgl0203 NCgl0453 NCgl0464 gapP Cg0953 Cg1016 Cg1105 Cg1167 Cg1169 Cg1257 Cg1305 Cg1314 Cg2537 Cg2539 Cg2563 Cg3080 Cg3357 NCgl0799 NCgl0856...”
- Target genes, consensus binding site, and role of phosphorylation for the response regulator MtrA of Corynebacterium glutamicum
Brocker, Journal of bacteriology 2011 - “...wt strain Proteins with transport functions cg0133 cg0134 cg1016 cg3395 NCgl0100 NCgl0101 NCgl0856 NCgl2961 abgT abgB betP proP Secondary transporter of the...”
- “...cg0136 cg0282 cg0689 cg0715 cg0859 cg0862 cg0896 cg0909 cg1016 cg1037 cg1085 cg1210 cg1213 cg1227 cg1279 cg1457 cg1476 cg1513 cg1516 cg1517 cg1562 cg1612 cg1665...”
- Computational prediction of the osmoregulation network in Synechococcus sp. WH8102
Mao, BMC genomics 2010 - “...glycine as the A. halo AB094498 SdmT substrate BAB69459 apNhaP Na + /H + antiporter cg1016 BetP Betaine transporter C. glut cg0864 MtrB Two-component system that senses osmotic cg0862 MtrA stress b0019 NhaA Na + antiporter b1186 NhaB b0020 NhaR Na + /H + antiporter regulator...”
- Adaptation of Corynebacterium glutamicum to ammonium limitation: a global analysis using transcriptome and proteome techniques
Silberbach, Applied and environmental microbiology 2005 - “...enzyme II of PTS system cg2243 cg2261 cg2340 cg3216 cg1016 cg1314 cg3365 cg3366 gntP betP putP rpmC rmpA 1.77 25.47 1.97 n.r. 0.20 n.r. 0.38 0.32 Nitrogen...”
- “...no. Gene name clow vs chigh Annotation cg1016 betP 2.13 Choline-glycine-betaine transporter Nitrogen metabolism NCgl2715 NCgl2716 NCgl2717 NCgl2718 NCgl2719...”
Dshi_2119 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12
37% identity, 74% coverage
- A dual-species co-cultivation system to study the interactions between Roseobacters and dinoflagellates
Wang, Frontiers in microbiology 2014 - “...is also involved in the uptake of DMSP. A second gene that encodes a BCCT-protein (Dshi_2119) with a higher similarity to that of Halomonas is also present in the genome (Table 4 ). This second BCCT gene was not differentially expressed under changing light regimes. D....”
- “...tag E-value D. shibae Identity (%) Halomonas sp. HTNK1 dddT ACV84066.1 BCCT family DMSP transporter Dshi_2119 2.0E70 32 dddT ACV84066.1 BCCT family DMSP transporter Dshi_0579 1.0E55 33 dddD ACV84065.1 Putative DMSP CoA transferase Dshi_3632 0.0E+00 43 dddA ACV84069.1 Putative 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase Dshi_0804 1.0E148 45 dddC ACV84070.1...”
4llhA / P54582 Substrate bound outward-open state of the symporter betp (see paper)
35% identity, 83% coverage
- Ligands: 2-(trimethyl-lambda~5~-arsanyl)ethanol; sodium ion; 5-cyclohexyl-1-pentyl-beta-d-maltoside (4llhA)
NMB1277 transporter, BCCT family from Neisseria meningitidis MC58
37% identity, 68% coverage
- In the NadR regulon, adhesins and diverse meningococcal functions are regulated in response to signals in human saliva
Fagnocchi, Journal of bacteriology 2012 - “...(NMB0535, glucose/galactose transporter), compatible solutes (NMB1277, encoding a putative glycine betaine transporter), transporters of unknown substrates...”
- “...protein 2.4b 8.4E04 ND ND b 1.2E06 1.7 4.5 NMB1277 1 Transporter, BCCT family 1.9 NMB1299 2 Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter 2.2b 3.2E03 ND ND NMB1476...”
- Environmental adaptability and stress tolerance of Laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis
Lau, Cell & bioscience 2011 - “...betaine synthesis - - - - High-affinity choline transport protein betT Choline uptake LHK_01689 CV4302 NMB1277 NGO0529 Large conductance mechanosensitive channel mscL Compatible solute efflux LHK_02562 CV1360 - - Small conductance mechanosensitive channel mscS Compatible solute efflux LHK_01830 CV0295 NMB0042 NGO1771 LHK_01942 CV2330 NMB0213 NGO2057 LHK_02394...”
- Identification and characterization of pptA: a gene involved in the phase-variable expression of phosphorylcholine on pili of Neisseria meningitidis
Warren, Infection and immunity 2003 - “...35 28 44 Identitya NMB1270 betT pmtA 27 Homologue NMB1277 NMB0939 lpt-3 44 ORF name NMB0415 26 ChoP is not linked to the pilin-linked trisaccharide. In...”
- “...of pilin from the NMB0939, NMB1270 (pmtA homologue), and NMB1277 (betT homologue) mutant strains compared to that from the parent strain with MAbs SM1 and...”
WP_011814637 BCCT family transporter from Halorhodospira halophila
35% identity, 79% coverage
LCOP_CORGL / Q8NN75 Betaine/ectoine transporter LcoP; Low capacity osmoregulated permease from Corynebacterium glutamicum (strain ATCC 13032 / DSM 20300 / JCM 1318 / BCRC 11384 / CCUG 27702 / LMG 3730 / NBRC 12168 / NCIMB 10025 / NRRL B-2784 / 534) (see 3 papers)
TC 2.A.15.1.7 / Q8NN75 The ectoine/glycine:Na+ symporter, LcoP from Corynebacterium glutamicum (see paper)
cg2563 ectoine betaine transporter from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032
32% identity, 88% coverage
- function: Involved in the uptake of osmoprotectants. Can transport betaine and ectoine. Na(+) is probably the coupling ion.
- substrates: Ectoine, Glycine, Na+
- Chromosome organization by a conserved condensin-ParB system in the actinobacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum
Böhm, Nature communications 2020 - “...and parS9mut-SalI-D-F/parS10mut-XmaI-up-R for fragment amplification. Insertion of parS 3 of cg0108 , cg0904 , and cg2563 (9.5, 90, and 270 chromosomal positions) were achieved via plasmids pK19mobsacB-parS-cg0108, pK19mobsacB-parS-cg0904, and pK19mobsacB-parS-cg02563. Primers containing parS sites were used to amplify regions 500bp up- and downstream of the corresponding...”
- “...for further verification. For verification of parS insertions 3 of cg0108 , cg0904 , and cg2563 or for replacement of cg1752 by parS genomic loci were amplified with primers cg0108-seq-400up-F/cg0108-seq-200D-R, cg0904-seq-100up-F/cg0904-seq-100D-R, cg2563-seq-200up-F/cg2563-seq-300D-R, or int-seq-700up-F/int-seq-700D-R, respectively, followed by a control restriction digest using PmlI. Screening for parB...”
- Anaerobic growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum via mixed-acid fermentation
Michel, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...Cg1167 Cg1169 Cg1257 Cg1305 Cg1314 Cg2537 Cg2539 Cg2563 Cg3080 Cg3357 NCgl0799 NCgl0856 NCgl0929 NCgl0985 NCgl0986 NCgl1062 NCgl1108 NCgl1116 NCgl2228 NCgl2230...”
BC0555 Glycine betaine transporter from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579
31% identity, 83% coverage
AMETH_4479 BCCT family transporter from Amycolatopsis methanolica 239
34% identity, 84% coverage
NGO0529 putative high-affinity choline transport protein from Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090
36% identity, 69% coverage
PA14_70980 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14
32% identity, 83% coverage
- Roles of three transporters, CbcXWV, BetT1, and BetT3, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa choline uptake for catabolism
Malek, Journal of bacteriology 2011 - “...BCCTs, designated BetT1, BetT2, and BetT3 (PA14_70980, PA14_12990, and PA14_69850, respectively). Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the quaternary ammonium...”
- Genomewide identification of genetic determinants of antimicrobial drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Dötsch, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2009 - “...PA14_62560 PA14_62770 PA14_62880 PA14_64190 PA14_68670 PA14_69810 PA14_70980 PA14_15750 PA0425 PA0426 PA0572 PA0595 PA0764 PA0770e PA0794 PA0871 PA0928 PA0967...”
D3C65_29200 BCCT family transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PA5375 choline transporter BetT from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
32% identity, 83% coverage
- Functional Characterization of TetR-like Transcriptional Regulator PA3973 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Kotecka, International journal of molecular sciences 2022 - “...HUU 1,186,255 4.0 P+ D3C65_05690 PA3866 pyocin protein 2.04 1.09 AP; SF 6,171,043 2.0 P+ D3C65_29200 PA5375 BCCT family transporter 0.49 0.93 MP; TSM 2,138,915 4.1 P+ D3C65_10210 PA3014 fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha FadB 0.49 1.03 AABM; FAPM 4,836,775 2.7 T+ D3C65_22855 PA4309 methyl-accepting...”
- Functional Characterization of TetR-like Transcriptional Regulator PA3973 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Kotecka, International journal of molecular sciences 2022 - “...1,186,255 4.0 P+ D3C65_05690 PA3866 pyocin protein 2.04 1.09 AP; SF 6,171,043 2.0 P+ D3C65_29200 PA5375 BCCT family transporter 0.49 0.93 MP; TSM 2,138,915 4.1 P+ D3C65_10210 PA3014 fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha FadB 0.49 1.03 AABM; FAPM 4,836,775 2.7 T+ D3C65_22855 PA4309 methyl-accepting chemotaxis...”
- Molecular mechanism for sphingosine-induced Pseudomonas ceramidase expression through the transcriptional regulator SphR
Okino, Scientific reports 2016 - “...for choline catabolism with PA5372 (betA ), increased 2-fold in the presence of SM. Furthermore, PA5375 (betT1 ), a putative choline transporter, exhibited a significant increase (1.2-fold, P=0.0138). The increase observed in the transcription of choline catabolism-related genes ( bet genes) appeared to be mediated by...”
- Roles of three transporters, CbcXWV, BetT1, and BetT3, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa choline uptake for catabolism
Malek, Journal of bacteriology 2011 - “...showed that the N-terminal amino acid sequence of PA5375 (BetT1) lacked 18 amino acids that were present in closely related homologs (accession numbers...”
- Genomewide identification of genetic determinants of antimicrobial drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Dötsch, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2009 - “...PA4441 PA4456 PA4459e PA4727 PA4745e PA4753 PA4853e PA5198 PA5288 PA5375 --e Gene name Growthb mexA mexB 1.07 1.03 1.05 0.94 1.35 0.78 1.19 0.66 1.39 1.15 1.01...”
- Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine
Chen, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...BCCTs in P. aeruginosa PAO1, PA3933, PA5291, and PA5375, and the six in P. putida KT2440, PP_0229, PP_2692, PP_3957, PP_3628, PP_5061, and PP_5374. Only...”
- “...to E. coli betT, the genes PP_5061 and PA5375 (annotated as betT1) were predicted to encode functional choline transporters (55, 62, 65). However, the...”
- Complex ciprofloxacin resistome revealed by screening a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant library for altered susceptibility
Breidenstein, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2008 - “...PA5345 PA5366 lon algP sss recG pstB PA5375 betT1 ftsK xerD Gene description Putative MFS transporter Dinucleoside polyphosphate hydrolase...”
- Identification of two gene clusters and a transcriptional regulator required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa glycine betaine catabolism
Wargo, Journal of bacteriology 2008 - “...in choline catabolism, including betABI (PA5372-PA5374), betT (PA5375), transporter genes (PA5376-PA5378), and sdaB (PA5379) (Fig. 2c). BetAB are required for...”
- In vivo evidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nutrient acquisition and pathogenesis in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients
Son, Infection and immunity 2007 - “...organized in an operon (e.g., bet genes and PA5372 to PA5375; and alg genes and PA3540 to PA3551) (see Tables S1 and S2 in the supplemental material), which are...”
- “...PC Choline degradation PA3933 PA5372 PA5373 PA5374 PA5375 betAa betB betI betT1 Probable choline transporter Choline dehydrogenase Betaine aldehyde...”
- More
B2904_orf2051 BCCT family transporter from Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904
36% identity, 82% coverage
ABUW_2969 BCCT family transporter from Acinetobacter baumannii
33% identity, 82% coverage
- Towards the complete small RNome of Acinetobacter baumannii
Weiss, Microbial genomics 2016 - “...of the newly annotated A. baumannii sRNA genes, ABUWs055, overlaps with the previously identified gene ABUW_2969. As a result, ABUWs055 potentially includes part of the protein-coding sequence of ABUW_2969 in its ORF. In disagreement with this, however, is the observation that no ribosome-binding site is present...”
Smlt3910 putative glycine betaine transporter 2 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a
35% identity, 74% coverage
- Acquired resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to antimicrobials induced by herbicide paraquat dichloride
Vanitshavit, PloS one 2024 - “...), and smlt3608 (putative aconitase A, acnA ). Stop-gained or nonsense mutations were detected in smlt3910 (putative glycine betaine transporter 2, opuD2 ). An inframe insertion mutation was identified in smlt0570 (putative hybrid histidine kinase/responsive regulator). Nonsynonymous SNPs were found in smlt0082 (conserved hypothetical protein in...”
- “...(putative glutamine synthetase), smlt0276 (conserved hypothetical protein), smlt2538 (conserved hypothetical protein containing a ferritin-like domain), smlt3910 (putative glycine betaine transporter 2 opuD2 ), and smlt4687 (23S rRNA (cytosine1962-C5)-methyltransferase). All the mutants had nonsynonymous SNPs in smlt2678 ( mfsQ encoding a major facilitator family efflux pump is...”
BETT1_ACIAD / Q6FDF6 Osmo-independent choline transporter BetT1 from Acinetobacter baylyi (strain ATCC 33305 / BD413 / ADP1) (see paper)
32% identity, 83% coverage
- function: Sodium-independent high-affinity choline uptake system. Uptake is not proton coupled. May play a role in metabolic adaptation to choline-containing environments.
disruption phenotype: Mutant is impaired in osmo-independent choline uptake activity. The betT1/betT2 double mutant is completely impaired in choline transport.
VIBHAR_03056 hypothetical protein from Vibrio harveyi ATCC BAA-1116
30% identity, 95% coverage
YP_001672424 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4
32% identity, 71% coverage
VV0783 choline-glycine betaine transporter from Vibrio vulnificus YJ016
VV1_0411 Choline-glycine betaine transporter from Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6
34% identity, 70% coverage
VDA_000372 BCCT family transporter from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae CIP 102761
32% identity, 76% coverage
A21D_02627 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
32% identity, 76% coverage
SSCH_450006 BCCT family transporter from Syntrophaceticus schinkii
31% identity, 80% coverage
H0262_08195 BCCT family transporter from Psychrobacter sp. D2
31% identity, 85% coverage
- A novel ATP dependent dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase in bacteria that releases dimethyl sulfide and acryloyl-CoA
Li, eLife 2021 - “...of triplicate experiments. The locus tags of 1696 , 1697 , 1,698, and 1,699 are H0262_08195, H0262_08200, H0262_08205, and H0262_08210, respectively. ( D ), Genetic organization of the putative DMSP-catabolizing gene cluster. Reported DMSP catabolic/transport gene clusters from Psychrobacter sp. J466, Pseudomonas sp. J465, Marinomonas sp....”
PSHAa1072 putative glycine betaine transporter from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125
34% identity, 70% coverage
TC 2.A.15.1.6 / D0U567 The glycine betaine, dimethylsulfoniopropionate:Na+ symporter from Psychrobacter sp. J466 (see paper)
31% identity, 78% coverage
- substrates: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Glycine betaine, Na+
CPS_3860 transporter, BCCT family from Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H
35% identity, 70% coverage
- An inter-order horizontal gene transfer event enables the catabolism of compatible solutes by Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H
Collins, Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions 2013 - “...for putative transporters for quarternary amines are: choline BCCT betT (CPS_4009, CPS_1335), putative sarcosine BCCT (CPS_3860), and a putative glycine betaine ABC transporter (CPS_4933CPS_4935). Regulatory genes with predicted functions include: betI (CPS_4012 and CPS_1334; subscript a) and gdbR (CPS_4012; subscript b). THF tetrahydrofolate, 5,10-mTHF 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Dotted...”
- “...time. The final class of BCCT transporter in C. psychrerythraea 34H was represented only by CPS_3860. Homologs of this gene were found in other marine bacterial genomes, but no specific association with compatible solutes has been demonstrated. Regulation of compatible solute metabolism The expression of a...”
SXYL_00223 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus xylosus
28% identity, 78% coverage
- Investigating Extracellular DNA Release in Staphylococcus xylosus Biofilm In Vitro
Leroy, Microorganisms 2021 - “...* 13.2 * SXYL_00512 Putative cation efflux family protein 4.5 3.4 RESPONSE TO STRESS Osmotic SXYL_00223 cudT Choline transporter 2.4 SXYL_00224 cudC Putative transcriptional regulator 4.9 5.6 SXYL_00225 cudA Glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 21.1 21.4 SXYL_00226 betA Oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenase 13.4 12.3 SXYL_02221-26 mnhF2E2D2C2B2A2 Na(+)/H(+) antiporter...”
SAV2615 choline transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50
SA2408 choline transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315
SAUSA300_2549 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter, BCCT family from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300_FPR3757
NWMN_2513 choline transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. Newman
USA300HOU_2610 BCCT family betaine/carnitine/choline transporter from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300_TCH1516
SACOL2632 osmoprotectant transporter, BCCT family from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL
28% identity, 87% coverage
- Additional routes to Staphylococcus aureus daptomycin resistance as revealed by comparative genome sequencing, transcriptional profiling, and phenotypic studies
Song, PloS one 2013 - “...involved in the likely accumulation of the compatible solute glycine betaine were upregulated including cudT (SAV2615), a likely choline transporter, betA (SAV2612, choline dehydrogenase), and gbsA (SAV2613, glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase). These genes are involved in the uptake and metabolism of choline to produce glycine betaine...”
- Sulfide Homeostasis and Nitroxyl Intersect via Formation of Reactive Sulfur Species in Staphylococcus aureus
Peng, mSphere 2017 - “...Hypothetical; putative transporter protein (glucaronic acid) NWMN_2510 SA2406 6.2 Glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase GbsA NWMN_2513 SA2408 3.7 Putative choline transporter a See Table1 . b At least 2-fold induction with NaHS (see TableS1A; adjusted P value of 0.05). TABLE4 List of genes significantly (3.5-fold) downregulated in...”
- Characterizing the effects of inorganic acid and alkaline shock on the Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome and messenger RNA turnover
Anderson, FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 2010 - “...ND SA2402 hypothetical protein sa_c5620s4877_a_at 3.2 2.5 2.5 SA2407 putative lipoprotein sa_c5624s4878_a_at 5.7 2.5 2.5 SA2408 putative lipoprotein sa_c5727s4967_a_at 6.0 2.5 ND SA2438 hypothetical protein sa_c5745s4988_a_at 9.6 2.5 ND SA2443 hypothetical protein sa_c5788s5026_a_at 2.0 2.5 2.5 SA2456 hypothetical protein sa_c10518s10967_s_at 2.3 2.5 2.5 SA2520 hypothetical protein...”
- Characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus heat shock, cold shock, stringent, and SOS responses and their effects on log-phase mRNA turnover
Anderson, Journal of bacteriology 2006 - “...SA2321 SA2338 SA2354 SA2365 SA2379 SA2404 SA2405 SA2408 SA2436 SA2456 SA2467 SA2526 SA2587 SA2588 SA2589 SA2704 SA2709 SA2710 Conserved hypothetical protein...”
- Impact of Bicarbonate-β-Lactam Exposures on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Gene Expression in Bicarbonate-β-Lactam-Responsive vs. Non-Responsive Strains
Ersoy, Genes 2021 - “...SAUSA300_0959 0.00 1.32 peptidoglycan/cell wall synthesis ddh SAUSA300_2463 0.00 4.00 pbp2 SAUSA300_1341 0.00 1.81 bccT SAUSA300_2549 2.45 2.42 osmotic stress usp SAUSA300_0067 1.30 2.28 stress response A Fold change comparisons are made by comparing the gene expression for the indicated strain and condition ( OXA) exposed...”
- Sulfide Homeostasis and Nitroxyl Intersect via Formation of Reactive Sulfur Species in Staphylococcus aureus
Peng, mSphere 2017 - “...12.0 Hypothetical; putative transporter protein (glucaronic acid) NWMN_2510 SA2406 6.2 Glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase GbsA NWMN_2513 SA2408 3.7 Putative choline transporter a See Table1 . b At least 2-fold induction with NaHS (see TableS1A; adjusted P value of 0.05). TABLE4 List of genes significantly (3.5-fold) downregulated...”
- Exploring the transcriptome of Staphylococcus aureus in its natural niche
Chaves-Moreno, Scientific reports 2016 - “...B genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes (USA300HOU_2605-2606) as well as betT encoding a choline transporter (USA300HOU_2610) were highly expressed in vivo, indicating S. aureus to experience osmotic stress in the nasal cavity ( Fig. 3D ). CsbD is a bacterial general stress response protein, however, its...”
- Apt (Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase) Mutation in Laboratory-Selected Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
Lamichhane-Khadka, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 - “...betA Choline dehydrogenase ND 7.4 SACOL2628 betB Glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase ND (2.2) 9.2 (7.0) SACOL2632 opuD2 BCCT family osmoprotectant transporter ND 4.6 a Gene ID correspond to strain COL genome. Abbreviations: ND, transcriptional alteration not detected. antibiotics-10-00583-t003_Table 3 Table 3 Selection of MM66 FARS mutants....”
- Changes in the Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome during early adaptation to the lung
Chaffin, PloS one 2012 - “...valine were upregulated in vivo. Also upregulated were the choline-glycine betaine osmoprotectant transporter genes cudT (SACOL2632) and opuD (SACOL1384) and opp-1ABCDF , SACOL2476-71) an oligopeptide permease complex. Interestingly, oligopeptide uptake has been linked with regulation of virulence determinates in a number of species including S. aureus...”
D2S289 Choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Haloterrigena turkmenica (strain ATCC 51198 / DSM 5511 / JCM 9101 / NCIMB 13204 / VKM B-1734 / 4k)
34% identity, 74% coverage
SERP2179 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A
27% identity, 84% coverage
- Skin-to-blood pH shift triggers metabolome and proteome global remodelling in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Gonçalves, Frontiers in microbiology 2022 - “...SERP1917, SERP2165, SERP0244 and nfrA, were significantly reduced at N57), betaine membrane transport (SERP0246 and SERP2179), insertion of integral membrane proteins (SERP1356) and adjustment of the cell-wall protein composition (SERP2279, sdrH, gtf1). Interestingly, an endoribonuclease from the type II toxin-antitoxin system, MasF, only decreased at N57...”
DSY5010 hypothetical protein from Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51
31% identity, 85% coverage
TE101_00375 BCCT family transporter from Alteromonas macleodii
31% identity, 72% coverage
ZPR_3842 glycine betaine transporter from Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87
31% identity, 73% coverage
SPO3186 BCCT family transporter from Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3
29% identity, 75% coverage
- Functional annotation and importance of marine bacterial transporters of plankton exometabolites
Schroer, ISME communications 2023 - “...30.7 1.910 2 SPO3041 Cysteate novel 81.3 15.3 3.410 9 40.0 30.7 1.710 2 dmdT SPO3186 DMSP homology 48.9 13.4 1.110 4 33.6 2.4 1.610 6 potFGHI SPO3469 Cadaverine expression 62.3 7.4 8.310 7 61.2 23.5 1.910 3 SPO3469 Putrescine expression 68.8 10.3 3.210 6 65.1...”
- “...an experimentally verified transporter in the closely related species Roseovarius nubinhibens :[ 61 ] dmdT (SPO3186) [dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)] (Table 1 ). Four were novel annotations with no previous substrate predictions: cntTUVW (SPO2995-2998) (carnitine), cuyTUVW (SPO3040-3043) (cysteate), hbtABC (SPO2571-2573) (3-hydroxybutyrate), and nupABC (SPO0376-0379) (thymidine) (Table 1 )....”
- Aminolipids elicit functional trade-offs between competitiveness and bacteriophage attachment in Ruegeria pomeroyi
Stirrup, The ISME journal 2023 - “...to the olsA mutant strain, i.e., an organic solute transporter of the betaine-choline-carnitine (BCCT) family (SPO3186) and an ABC-type transporter of the betaine-choline-carnitine family (SPO1131) (Fig. 3D ). Choline is an important nutrient for marine roseobacters and the ability to use choline as a carbon/nitrogen source...”
- Ubiquitous occurrence of a dimethylsulfoniopropionate ABC transporter in abundant marine bacteria
Li, The ISME journal 2023 - “...strains (Fig. 3 ). Other potential transporters in R. pomeroyi DSS-3, e.g. a DddT-like protein (SPO3186), bioinformatically predicted are likely responsible for the low level DMSP import seen in the dmpXWV - mutant (Fig. 3 ). All the previously reported transporters capable of importing DMSP are...”
- Diel investments in metabolite production and consumption in a model microbial system
Uchimiya, The ISME journal 2022 - “...43.1 Amine TMA SPO1551 tmm TMA monooxygenase 42.6 [ 25 ] Amino acid derivative Betaine SPO3186 opuD Glycine-betaine transporter 1.6 (n.s.) [ 25 ] Amino Acid Leucine SPO2793 ivD isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.6 SPO2789 mccA methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, alpha subunit 3.1 SPO2790 mccB methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, beta subunit 3.4...”
WP_011813152 BCCT family transporter from Halorhodospira halophila
31% identity, 68% coverage
A21D_00747 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
32% identity, 68% coverage
BCCT4_VIBPA / Q87J97 Glycine betaine transporter 2 from Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 (strain RIMD 2210633) (see paper)
VPA0356 putative glycine betaine transporter from Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633
33% identity, 69% coverage
- function: Involved in the uptake of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine.
- Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effect of Low NaCl Concentration on Osmotic Stress and Type III Secretion System in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Zhang, International journal of molecular sciences 2023 - “...encoded by VP1726-VP1728 ( proVWX ), VP1456 ( opuD1 ), VP1905 ( opuD3 ), and VPA0356 ( opuD4 ) were significantly downregulated in 0.5% NaCl compared with 3% NaCl ( Figure 3 C). These results indicate that V. parahaemolyticus could regulate the expression of these genes...”
- The organosulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is utilized as an osmoprotectant by Vibrio species
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2021 (secret) - Stressed out: Bacterial response to high salinity using compatible solute biosynthesis and uptake systems, lessons from Vibrionaceae
Gregory, Computational and structural biotechnology journal 2021 - “...encoded by VP1456 ( bccT1 ), VP1723 ( bccT2 ), VP1905 ( bccT3 ), and VPA0356 ( bccT4 ) are present in all strains ( Fig. 3 ) [20] . All four BccT proteins are divergent from each other suggesting different substrate uptake abilities ( Table...”
- Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in Vibrio Species
Gregory, Journal of bacteriology 2020 (secret) - CosR Is a Global Regulator of the Osmotic Stress Response with Widespread Distribution among Bacteria
Gregory, Applied and environmental microbiology 2020 (secret) - Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Ongagna-Yhombi, Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 - “...VP1723, and VP1905) are located in chromosome I, while VPA0356 is found in chromosome II (16). Members of the BCCT family use proton/sodium-motive force to...”
- “...transporter (BCCT) homologues VP1456, VP1723, VP1905, and VPA0356 in the NaCl stress response. Expression analysis of the four BCCTs subjected to...”
- Modulation of responses of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 to pH and temperature stresses by growth at different salt concentrations
Whitaker, Applied and environmental microbiology 2010 - “...1 (BCCT1) gene (VP1723), proU1 (VP1726), BCCT3 gene (VPA0356), and proU2 (VPA1109) transport systems after inorganic acid stress shock and found no significant...”
- Osmoadaptation among Vibrio species and unique genomic features and physiological responses of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Naughton, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009 - “...were identified, open reading frames VP1456, VP1905, and VPA0356, herein referred to as BCCT1, BCCT3, and BCCT4, respectively (Fig. 2). Molecular analysis of 42...”
SSP1344 putative osmoprotectant transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305
29% identity, 85% coverage
DV527_RS07250 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus
29% identity, 85% coverage
SSP0193 choline transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305
27% identity, 76% coverage
DV527_RS01165 BCCT family transporter from Staphylococcus saprophyticus
27% identity, 76% coverage
Dshi_0579 BCCT transporter from Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12
30% identity, 80% coverage
- A dual-species co-cultivation system to study the interactions between Roseobacters and dinoflagellates
Wang, Frontiers in microbiology 2014 - “...therefore the expression of the phaP genes might be reduced in the light. The gene (Dshi_0579) with the highest activation in the light encoded a betaine-choline-carnitine-transporter (BCCT)-type protein. These transporters are ubiquitous in bacteria and often have a role in protection from osmotic stress by regulating...”
- “...dddT ACV84066.1 BCCT family DMSP transporter Dshi_2119 2.0E70 32 dddT ACV84066.1 BCCT family DMSP transporter Dshi_0579 1.0E55 33 dddD ACV84065.1 Putative DMSP CoA transferase Dshi_3632 0.0E+00 43 dddA ACV84069.1 Putative 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase Dshi_0804 1.0E148 45 dddC ACV84070.1 Putative malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase Dshi_1747 7.0E179 53 Sulfitobacter sp....”
PP_2692 transporter, BCCT family, putative from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
31% identity, 77% coverage
VFMJ11_1477 glycine betaine transporter from Vibrio fischeri MJ11
VFMJ11_1477 BCCT family transporter from Aliivibrio fischeri MJ11
30% identity, 83% coverage
lp_3324 glycine betaine/carnitine/choline transport protein from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1
lp_3324 BCCT family transporter from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1
27% identity, 79% coverage
CARNT_ACIB2 / D0C9N4 Carnitine transporter from Acinetobacter baumannii (strain ATCC 19606 / DSM 30007 / JCM 6841 / CCUG 19606 / CIP 70.34 / NBRC 109757 / NCIMB 12457 / NCTC 12156 / 81) (see paper)
HMPREF0010_01347 BCCT family carnitine transporter from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 = CIP 70.34 = JCM 6841
27% identity, 82% coverage
YeaV / b1801 putative transporter YeaV from Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 (see 4 papers)
YEAV_ECOLI / P0ABD1 Uncharacterized transporter YeaV from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see paper)
b1801 predicted transporter from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ECs2510 putative transport protein from Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai
27% identity, 75% coverage
- function: Probable transporter whose substrate is unknown. Is not involved in aerobic D-malate transport
disruption phenotype: Deletion of yeaV has no effect on the aerobic growth with D-malate as the sole carbon source. - Phage-plasmid borne methionine tRNA ligase mediates epidemiologically relevant antimicrobial persistence
Tam, 2024 - 18th Congress of the European Hematology Association, Stockholm, Sweden, June 13–16, 2013
, Haematologica 2013 - Pausing by bacterial RNA polymerase is mediated by mechanistically distinct classes of signals
Artsimovitch, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000 - “...1035383 (hyaF), 1619170 (ydeD), 1812043 (b1730), 1880364 (b1801), 2111170 (rfbB), 2135455 (b2062), 3040562 (b2899), 3325384 (yhbY), 3435371 (smf ), 3495017...”
- Gene expression induced in Escherichia coli O157:H7 upon exposure to model apple juice
Bergholz, Applied and environmental microbiology 2009 - “...ECs0888 ECs0889 ECs1746 ECs2087 ECs2103 ECs2302 ECs2443 ECs2510 ECs2569 ECs3061 ECs3354 ECs3540 ECs3541 ECs3543 ECs3819 ECs4013 ECs4250 ECs4352 ECs4422 ECs4450...”
- Global transcriptional response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to growth transitions in glucose minimal medium
Bergholz, BMC microbiology 2007 - “...yniC 2.44 3 ECs0782 aroG -3.09 1 ECs2445 osmE 2.33 2 ECs0800 ybhC -2.13 1 ECs2510 yeaV 2.06 3 ECs0814 O157 -2.15 1 ECs2692 yodD 2.96 2 ECs0869 ybhQ 3.14 2 ECs2714 espJ -2.01 1 ECs0890 dps 2.64 2 ECs2737 pchC 3.43 2 ECs0943 artJ -2.81...”
YP_001474961 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Shewanella sediminis HAW-EB3
25% identity, 82% coverage
- Shewanella spp. genomic evolution for a cold marine lifestyle and in-situ explosive biodegradation
Zhao, PloS one 2010 - “...transporters YP_001675036 + +(on1) YP_001676241-6243 + +(on1) YP_001672424, 2644, 2455, 5524,5960 + +(on1) YP_001672644 + YP_001474961 + +(on1) YP_001473512 + Note: : last four digits of accession number given; , CDS sets listed in Table 2 ; o-shew, other Shewanella ; ma, marine; n-ma, non-marine; +,...”
YP_001672644 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4
26% identity, 83% coverage
VDA_002013 BCCT family transporter from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae CIP 102761
29% identity, 84% coverage
SYNW0229 putative glycine betaine transporter, BCCT family from Synechococcus sp. WH 8102
30% identity, 71% coverage
A0J47_RS08670 BCCT family transporter from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
29% identity, 84% coverage
SSCH_450002 L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter from Syntrophaceticus schinkii
27% identity, 83% coverage
Q8D0R9 Quarternary ammonium transport protein from Yersinia pestis
27% identity, 75% coverage
CAIT_PROMH / B4EY22 L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter from Proteus mirabilis (strain HI4320) (see 2 papers)
TC 2.A.15.2.2 / B4EY22 The L-carnitine:γ-butyrobetaine antiporter, CaiT from Proteus mirabilis (strain HI4320) (see 2 papers)
WP_012368453 L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter from Proteus mirabilis
26% identity, 81% coverage
2wswA / B4EY22 Crystal structure of carnitine transporter from proteus mirabilis (see paper)
25% identity, 81% coverage
- Ligand: 5-cyclohexyl-1-pentyl-beta-d-maltoside (2wswA)
LSA0264 Putative glycine/betaine/carnitine/choline transport protein from Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 23K
27% identity, 77% coverage
- Global transcriptome response in Lactobacillus sakei during growth on ribose
McLeod, BMC microbiology 2011 - “...general stress protein 0.5 -1.5 LSA0247 usp2 Similar to universal stress protein, UspA family -0.5 LSA0264 lsa0264 Putative glycine/betaine/carnitine/choline transport protein -0.6 -0.6 LSA0513 lsa0513 Putative stress-responsive transcriptional regulator -0.8 LSA0552 lsa0552 Organic hydroperoxide resistance protein 0.6 LSA0616 lsa0616 Putative glycine/betaine/carnitine/choline ABC transporter, ATP-binding subunit 0.9...”
YaaP / b0040 L-carnitine:γ-butyrobetaine antiporter from Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 (see paper)
caiT / P31553 L-carnitine:γ-butyrobetaine antiporter from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 4 papers)
CAIT_ECOLI / P31553 L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter from Escherichia coli (strain K12) (see 7 papers)
TC 2.A.15.2.1 / P31553 Carnitine:γ-butyrobetaine antiporter from Escherichia coli (see 7 papers)
b0040 L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NP_414582 L-carnitine:gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ETEC_0040 L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter from Escherichia coli ETEC H10407
25% identity, 82% coverage
- function: Catalyzes the exchange of L-carnitine for gamma-butyrobetaine (PubMed:12163501, PubMed:20829798, PubMed:30846799). Can also transport D-carnitine and, with lower efficiency, acetyl-L-carnitine and glycine betaine (PubMed:12163501).
catalytic activity: 4-(trimethylamino)butanoate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = 4- (trimethylamino)butanoate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in) (RHEA:29427)
subunit: Homotrimer (PubMed:16365043, PubMed:20357772, PubMed:20829798, PubMed:30846799). The monomer is stable in the membrane and is fully functional, but physical contact between the protomers of a trimer may facilitate conformational alterations associated with substrate binding (PubMed:30846799).
disruption phenotype: Essential, it cannot be deleted. - substrates: Carnitine, Gamma-butyrobetaine
tcdb comment: The x-ray structure is known at 3.5Å resolution (Schulze et al., 2010). The structure reveals a homotrimer where each protomer has 12 TMSs with 4 L-carnitine molecules outlining the pathway. There is a central binding site and another in the intracellular vestibule (Tang et al. 2010) - Whole-genome sequencing analysis of two heat-evolved Escherichia coli strains
McGuire, BMC genomics 2023 - “...-symE- b4346 / b4347 5-methylcytosine-specific restriction enzyme subunit McrB / toxic protein SymE I caiT b0040 L-carnitine:gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter T 68/504 ampE b0111 protein AmpE FS 235/284 arfB b0191 peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase, ribosome rescue factor FS 103/140 mltD b0211 membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase D FS 110/452 fadE b0221...”
- Autoinducer 2 controls biofilm formation in Escherichia coli through a novel motility quorum-sensing regulator (MqsR, B3022)
González, Journal of bacteriology 2006 - “...arp yzgL yncH mcrA b1141 b1144 b1146 b1147 b0108 b4246 b0040 b1140 b0247 b4017 b3427 b1455 b1159 yiaN b3578 aceK b4016 yjgF oppB oppD asnU b4243 b1244 b1246...”
- Interfering with different steps of protein synthesis explored by transcriptional profiling of Escherichia coli K-12
Sabina, Journal of bacteriology 2003 - “...b4060 b1630 b3107 b3062 b2578 b1325 b0572 b3583 b3476 b4200 b0040 b2003 b2460 b0732 b4202 b4201 b4194 b1316 b4203 b2268 b2488 b4182 b3144 19 16 15 15 15 14...”
- A functional update of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome
Serres, Genome biology 2001 - “...pe Putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase b0019 ec_0026 nhaA t Na + /H + antiporter, NhaA family b0040 ec_0062 caiT pt Putative betaine/carnitine/choline transport protein, BCCT family b0064 ec_0098 araC r Transcriptional regulator of arabinose catabolism, AraC/XylS family b0076 ec_0116 leuO pr Putative transcriptional regulator of leucine biosynthesis,...”
- A conformational switch in a partially unwound helix selectively determines the pathway for substrate release from the carnitine/γ-butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT.
Zomot, The Journal of biological chemistry 2012 - GeneRIF: conformational switch in a partially unwound helix selectively determines the pathway for substrate release from the carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT
- Oligomeric structure of the carnitine transporter CaiT from Escherichia coli.
Vinothkumar, The Journal of biological chemistry 2006 (PubMed)- GeneRIF: analysis of Escherichia coli CaiT oligomeric structure
- They all rock: A systematic comparison of conformational movements in LeuT-fold transporters.
Licht, bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024 - “...n/a cryo-EM 6.2 Pm CaiT B4EY22 2WSW (A) I op n/a X-ray 2.294 Ec CaiT P31553 3HFX (A) I op carnitine X-ray 3.15 Mm KCC2 Q91V14 7D14 (A) I op n/a cryo-EM 3.8 Hs KCC2 Q9H2X9 6M23 (A) I op chloride cryo-EM 3.2 Hs KCC3 Q9UHW9...”
- Enabling QTY Server for Designing Water-Soluble α-Helical Transmembrane Proteins
Tao, mBio 2022 - “...P23930 (Lnt; 7 TM helices), P25747 (YeiB; 8 TM helices), P26459 (AppC; 9 TM helices), P31553 (CaiT; 10 TM helices), P32705 (ActP; 11 TM helices), P33607 (NuoL; 12 TM helices), P37019 (ClcA; 13 TM helices), P0AFE8 (NuoM; 14 TM helices), P69681 (AmtB; 15 TM helices), P39396...”
- The molecular basis for control of ETEC enterotoxin expression in response to environment and host
Haycocks, PLoS pathogens 2015 - “...Peak Centre a Binding Site(s) b Gene(s) c K-12 Homologues d 45284 TGTGA TTGGTA TCACA ETEC_0040 caiT 92014 A GTGA TGGATG TCAC G ( ETEC_0078 ) ( cra ) 176905 A G C G TTCCACG TCACA (ETEC_0150) (hemL) 408885 TGTGA TCTCTC TC G CA ETEC_0385 /...”
S0039 probable carnitine transporter from Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T
24% identity, 82% coverage
2wsxA / P31553 Crystal structure of carnitine transporter from escherichia coli (see paper)
26% identity, 70% coverage
- Ligand: 3-carboxy-n,n,n-trimethylpropan-1-aminium (2wsxA)
gbuE / A0A415DZ18 γ-butyrobetaine transporter from Emergencia timonensis (see paper)
26% identity, 82% coverage
TP0106 carnitine transporter, putative from Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum str. Nichols
26% identity, 81% coverage
- On the origin of the treponematoses: a phylogenetic approach
Harper, PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2008 - “...) Intergenic Region 280 bp (1207) EU101881EU101906 cysS (tp0091) Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 168 bp (440607) EU101781EU101804 tp0106 Transporter (possible carnitine, choline, or glycine betaine transporter) 598 bp (55652) EU102099EU102122 tp0123 Hypothetical protein containing TPR domains 596 bp (253809) EU102123EU102146 234 bp IGR( tp0129-tp0130 ) Intergenic Region (158334)...”
- “...Sites NS Sites IGR( fliG-tp0027 ) 207 1 1 - 2 - - - - tp0106 598 0 1 0 0 0.00016 0.00061 0.00000 - tp0123 557 0 1 1 0 0.00017 0.00000 0.00023 0 IGR( tp0135-tp0136 ) 301 1 0 - 1 - - -...”
- Transcriptome of Treponema pallidum: gene expression profile during experimental rabbit infection
Smajs, Journal of bacteriology 2005 - “...0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 TP0106 TP0804 TP0340 TP0288 TP0337 TP0028 TP0514 TP0689 TP0147 TP0336 TP0671 TP0566 TP0516 TP0688 TP0715 TP0714...”
- Sodium ion cycle in bacterial pathogens: evidence from cross-genome comparisons
Häse, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2001 - “...of the neurotransmitter/sodium symporter family (TC 2.A.22); TP0106, a member of the betaine/carnitine/choline transporter family (TC 2.A.15); TP0555 and...”
A21D_02815 BCCT family transporter from Virgibacillus dokdonensis
26% identity, 83% coverage
TDE1261 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter family protein from Treponema denticola ATCC 35405
26% identity, 74% coverage
TR210_1348 BCCT family transporter from Trichococcus ilyis
26% identity, 83% coverage
- Genome-guided analysis allows the identification of novel physiological traits in Trichococcus species
Strepis, BMC genomics 2020 - “...1004_145 | TART1_1477, 1504, 2070, 2071, 2352 Salinity tolerance 7 Glycine betaine transporter OpuD (IPR000060) TR210_1348 3|5|6|7|8|9|10 Betaine binding ABC transporter protein (IPR000515) Tpas_28142815|Tcol_1997|Tpat_1468|TR210_27672768,2770 | Ga0192364_3215_5457 | PXZT01000008. _2326| TART1_269496 1|2|5|7|8|9|10 Osmotically activated choline ABC transporter (IPR003439) TES5_12061209|Tcol_773776|TR210_342345|Tflo_11311134|Ga0192364_2415_1215| PXZT01000003.2_5457| TART1_26669 2|3|6|7 Choline binding protein A (IPR010126)...”
LF82_728 BCCT family transporter from Escherichia coli LF82
25% identity, 74% coverage
AL538_RS23415 BCCT family transporter from Vibrio harveyi
25% identity, 84% coverage
VIBHAR_05503 choline/carnitine/betaine transporter from Vibrio harveyi ATCC BAA-1116
31% identity, 46% coverage
CBU_1646 transporter, putative from Coxiella burnetii RSA 493
22% identity, 49% coverage
For advice on how to use these tools together, see
Interactive tools for functional annotation of bacterial genomes.
The PaperBLAST database links 793,807 different protein sequences to 1,259,118 scientific articles. Searches against EuropePMC were last performed on March 13 2025.
PaperBLAST builds a database of protein sequences that are linked
to scientific articles. These links come from automated text searches
against the articles in EuropePMC
and from manually-curated information from GeneRIF, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
BRENDA,
CAZy (as made available by dbCAN),
BioLiP,
CharProtDB,
MetaCyc,
EcoCyc,
TCDB,
REBASE,
the Fitness Browser,
and a subset of the European Nucleotide Archive with the /experiment tag.
Given this database and a protein sequence query,
PaperBLAST uses protein-protein BLAST
to find similar sequences with E < 0.001.
To build the database, we query EuropePMC with locus tags, with RefSeq protein
identifiers, and with UniProt
accessions. We obtain the locus tags from RefSeq or from MicrobesOnline. We use
queries of the form "locus_tag AND genus_name" to try to ensure that
the paper is actually discussing that gene. Because EuropePMC indexes
most recent biomedical papers, even if they are not open access, some
of the links may be to papers that you cannot read or that our
computers cannot read. We query each of these identifiers that
appears in the open access part of EuropePMC, as well as every locus
tag that appears in the 500 most-referenced genomes, so that a gene
may appear in the PaperBLAST results even though none of the papers
that mention it are open access. We also incorporate text-mined links
from EuropePMC that link open access articles to UniProt or RefSeq
identifiers. (This yields some additional links because EuropePMC
uses different heuristics for their text mining than we do.)
For every article that mentions a locus tag, a RefSeq protein
identifier, or a UniProt accession, we try to select one or two
snippets of text that refer to the protein. If we cannot get access to
the full text, we try to select a snippet from the abstract, but
unfortunately, unique identifiers such as locus tags are rarely
provided in abstracts.
PaperBLAST also incorporates manually-curated protein functions:
- Proteins from NCBI's RefSeq are included if a
GeneRIF
entry links the gene to an article in
PubMed®.
GeneRIF also provides a short summary of the article's claim about the
protein, which is shown instead of a snippet.
- Proteins from Swiss-Prot (the curated part of UniProt)
are included if the curators
identified experimental evidence for the protein's function (evidence
code ECO:0000269). For these proteins, the fields of the Swiss-Prot entry that
describe the protein's function are shown (with bold headings).
- Proteins from BRENDA,
a curated database of enzymes, are included if they are linked to a paper in PubMed
and their full sequence is known.
- Every protein from the non-redundant subset of
BioLiP,
a database
of ligand-binding sites and catalytic residues in protein structures, is included. Since BioLiP itself
does not include descriptions of the proteins, those are taken from the
Protein Data Bank.
Descriptions from PDB rely on the original submitter of the
structure and cannot be updated by others, so they may be less reliable.
(For SitesBLAST and Sites on a Tree, we use a larger subset of BioLiP so that every
ligand is represented among a group of structures with similar sequences, but for
PaperBLAST, we use the non-redundant set provided by BioLiP.)
- Every protein from EcoCyc, a curated
database of the proteins in Escherichia coli K-12, is included, regardless
of whether they are characterized or not.
- Proteins from the MetaCyc metabolic pathway database
are included if they are linked to a paper in PubMed and their full sequence is known.
- Proteins from the Transport Classification Database (TCDB)
are included if they have known substrate(s), have reference(s),
and are not described as uncharacterized or putative.
(Some of the references are not visible on the PaperBLAST web site.)
- Every protein from CharProtDB,
a database of experimentally characterized protein annotations, is included.
- Proteins from the CAZy database of carbohydrate-active enzymes
are included if they are associated with an Enzyme Classification number.
Even though CAZy does not provide links from individual protein sequences to papers,
these should all be experimentally-characterized proteins.
- Proteins from the REBASE database
of restriction enzymes are included if they have known specificity.
- Every protein with an evidence-based reannotation (based on mutant phenotypes)
in the Fitness Browser is included.
- Sequence-specific transcription factors (including sigma factors and DNA-binding response regulators)
with experimentally-determined DNA binding sites from the
PRODORIC database of gene regulation in prokaryotes.
- Putative transcription factors from RegPrecise
that have manually-curated predictions for their binding sites. These predictions are based on
conserved putative regulatory sites across genomes that contain similar transcription factors,
so PaperBLAST clusters the TFs at 70% identity and retains just one member of each cluster.
- Coding sequence (CDS) features from the
European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
are included if the /experiment tag is set (implying that there is experimental evidence for the annotation),
the nucleotide entry links to paper(s) in PubMed,
and the nucleotide entry is from the STD data class
(implying that these are targeted annotated sequences, not from shotgun sequencing).
Also, to filter out genes whose transcription or translation was detected, but whose function
was not studied, nucleotide entries or papers with more than 25 such proteins are excluded.
Descriptions from ENA rely on the original submitter of the
sequence and cannot be updated by others, so they may be less reliable.
Except for GeneRIF and ENA,
the curated entries include a short curated
description of the protein's function.
For entries from BioLiP, the protein's function may not be known beyond binding to the ligand.
Many of these entries also link to articles in PubMed.
For more information see the
PaperBLAST paper (mSystems 2017)
or the code.
You can download PaperBLAST's database here.
Changes to PaperBLAST since the paper was written:
- November 2023: incorporated PRODORIC and RegPrecise. Many PRODORIC entries were not linked to a protein sequence (no UniProt identifier), so we added this information.
- February 2023: BioLiP changed their download format. PaperBLAST now includes their non-redundant subset. SitesBLAST and Sites on a Tree use a larger non-redundant subset that ensures that every ligand is represented within each cluster. This should ensure that every binding site is represented.
- June 2022: incorporated some coding sequences from ENA with the /experiment tag.
- March 2022: incorporated BioLiP.
- April 2020: incorporated TCDB.
- April 2019: EuropePMC now returns table entries in their search results. This has expanded PaperBLAST's database, but most of the new entries are of low relevance, and the resulting snippets are often just lists of locus tags with annotations.
- February 2018: the alignment page reports the conservation of the hit's functional sites (if available from from Swiss-Prot or UniProt)
- January 2018: incorporated BRENDA.
- December 2017: incorporated MetaCyc, CharProtDB, CAZy, REBASE, and the reannotations from the Fitness Browser.
- September 2017: EuropePMC no longer returns some table entries in their search results. This has shrunk PaperBLAST's database, but has also reduced the number of low-relevance hits.
Many of these changes are described in Interactive tools for functional annotation of bacterial genomes.
PaperBLAST cannot provide snippets for many of the papers that are
published in non-open-access journals. This limitation applies even if
the paper is marked as "free" on the publisher's web site and is
available in PubmedCentral or EuropePMC. If a journal that you publish
in is marked as "secret," please consider publishing elsewhere.
Many important articles are missing from PaperBLAST, either because
the article's full text is not in EuropePMC (as for many older
articles), or because the paper does not mention a protein identifier such as a locus tag, or because of PaperBLAST's heuristics. If you notice an
article that characterizes a protein's function but is missing from
PaperBLAST, please notify the curators at UniProt
or add an entry to GeneRIF.
Entries in either of these databases will eventually be incorporated
into PaperBLAST. Note that to add an entry to UniProt, you will need
to find the UniProt identifier for the protein. If the protein is not
already in UniProt, you can ask them to create an entry. To add an
entry to GeneRIF, you will need an NCBI Gene identifier, but
unfortunately many prokaryotic proteins in RefSeq do not have
corresponding Gene identifers.
References
PaperBLAST: Text-mining papers for information about homologs.
M. N. Price and A. P. Arkin (2017). mSystems, 10.1128/mSystems.00039-17.
Europe PMC in 2017.
M. Levchenko et al (2017). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkx1005.
Gene indexing: characterization and analysis of NLM's GeneRIFs.
J. A. Mitchell et al (2003). AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2003:460-464.
UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase.
The UniProt Consortium (2016). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkw1099.
BRENDA in 2017: new perspectives and new tools in BRENDA.
S. Placzek et al (2017). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkw952.
The EcoCyc database: reflecting new knowledge about Escherichia coli K-12.
I. M. Keeseler et al (2016). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkw1003.
The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes.
R. Caspi et al (2018). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkx935.
CharProtDB: a database of experimentally characterized protein annotations.
R. Madupu et al (2012). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkr1133.
The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013.
V. Lombard et al (2014). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkt1178.
The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): recent advances
M. H. Saier, Jr. et al (2016). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkv1103.
REBASE - a database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes.
R. J. Roberts et al (2015). Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gku1046.
Deep annotation of protein function across diverse bacteria from mutant phenotypes.
M. N. Price et al (2016). bioRxiv, 10.1101/072470.
by Morgan Price,
Arkin group
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory