L-histidine biosynthesis in Azospirillum lipoferum B510

GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis

L-histidine biosynthesis in Azospirillum lipoferum B510

Best path

prs, hisG, hisI, hisE, hisA, hisF, hisH, hisB, hisC, hisN, hisD

Rules

Overview: Histidine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on the MetaCyc pathway (link).

all: prs, hisG, hisI, hisE, hisA, hisF, hisH, hisB, hisC, hisN and hisD

11 steps (11 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step	Description	Best candidate	2nd candidate
prs	ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase	AZL_RS11895	AZL_RS31030
hisG	ATP phosphoribosyltransferase	AZL_RS29220
hisI	phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase	AZL_RS15360	AZL_RS11510
hisE	phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase	AZL_RS06805	AZL_RS29225
hisA	1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase	AZL_RS15370	AZL_RS15365
hisF	imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase, cyclase subunit	AZL_RS15365	AZL_RS15370
hisH	imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase, amidotransferase subunit	AZL_RS15380	AZL_RS15365
hisB	imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase	AZL_RS15385
hisC	histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase	AZL_RS17465	AZL_RS06835
hisN	histidinol-phosphate phosphatase	AZL_RS02265	AZL_RS12635
hisD	histidinal/histidinol dehydrogenase	AZL_RS29225

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway

This GapMind analysis is from Apr 10 2024. The underlying query database was built on Apr 09 2024.

Downloads

Candidates (tab-delimited)
Steps (tab-delimited)
Rules (tab-delimited)
Protein sequences (fasta format)
Organisms (tab-delimited)
SQLite3 databases

Related tools

About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

ublast finds a hit to a characterized protein at above 40% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits+10.
- (Hits to curated proteins without experimental data as to their function are never considered high confidence.)
HMMer finds a hit with 80% coverage of the model, and either other identity < 40 or other coverage < 0.75.

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

ublast finds a hit at above 40% identity and 70% coverage (ignoring otherBits).
ublast finds a hit at above 30% identity and 80% coverage, and bits >= other bits.
HMMer finds a hit (regardless of coverage or other bits).

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

our ignorance of proteins' functions,
omissions in the gene models,
frame-shift errors in the genome sequence, or
the organism lacks the pathway.

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

the paper from 2019 on GapMind for amino acid biosynthesis
the paper from 2022 on GapMind for carbon sources
the source code
instructions for running GapMind on your computer
changes to Amino acid biosynthesis since the publication.

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis