asp-kinase, asd, dapA, dapB, dapD, dapC, dapE, dapF, lysA
Overview: Lysine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-lysine biosynthesis I via diaminopimelate (DAP) and succinylated intermediates (link), II with DAP and acetylated intermediates (link), III with DAP and no blocking group (link), V via 2-aminoadipate and LysW carrier protein (link), and VI with DAP aminotransferase (link). Most of these pathways involve tetrahydrodipicolinate and meso-diaminopimelate, with variations in how the amino group is introduced. Pathway V instead involves L-2-aminoadipate and LysW-attached intermediates. Lysine biosynthesis IV (link), via 2-aminoadipate and saccharopine, is only reported to occur in eukaryotes and is not described here.
Or see definitions of steps
Step | Description | Best candidate | 2nd candidate |
---|---|---|---|
asp-kinase | aspartate kinase | NGR_c26590 | NGR_c14020 |
asd | aspartate semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase | NGR_c33220 | |
dapA | 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase | NGR_c08200 | NGR_c26410 |
dapB | 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase | NGR_c34880 | |
dapD | tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase | NGR_c00680 | |
dapC | N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase | NGR_c27710 | NGR_c01510 |
dapE | succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase | NGR_c00610 | NGR_b06380 |
dapF | diaminopimelate epimerase | NGR_c32280 | |
lysA | diaminopimelate decarboxylase | NGR_c26960 | NGR_c29260 |
Alternative steps: | |||
dapH | tetrahydrodipicolinate acetyltransferase | NGR_c24390 | NGR_c00680 |
dapL | N-acetyl-diaminopimelate deacetylase | NGR_a01500 | NGR_c27330 |
DAPtransferase | L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase | NGR_c14010 | NGR_c22760 |
dapX | acetyl-diaminopimelate aminotransferase | NGR_c22760 | NGR_c32960 |
ddh | meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase | ||
hcs | homocitrate synthase | NGR_c08670 | |
hicdh | homo-isocitrate dehydrogenase | NGR_c06160 | NGR_b06550 |
lysJ | [LysW]-2-aminoadipate semialdehyde transaminase | NGR_c01510 | NGR_c30830 |
lysK | [LysW]-lysine hydrolase | ||
lysN | 2-aminoadipate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase | NGR_c32960 | NGR_b03080 |
lysT | homoaconitase large subunit | NGR_c31400 | |
lysU | homoaconitase small subunit | NGR_c31560 | NGR_b07740 |
lysW | 2-aminoadipate/glutamate carrier protein | ||
lysX | 2-aminoadipate-LysW ligase | ||
lysY | [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate reductase | ||
lysZ | [LysW]-2-aminoadipate 6-kinase | NGR_c00740 |
Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway
This GapMind analysis is from Apr 10 2024. The underlying query database was built on Apr 09 2024.
Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.
A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:
Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:
Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."
Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:
GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).
For more information, see:
If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know
by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory