GapMind for Amino acid biosynthesis

 

L-isoleucine biosynthesis in Cupriavidus basilensis 4G11

Best path

ilvA, ilvI, ilvH, ilvC, ilvD, ilvE

Also see fitness data for the top candidates

Rules

Overview: Isoleucine biosynthesis in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathways L-isoleucine biosynthesis I (from threonine) (link), II via citramalate (link), or IV from propanoate (link). These pathways share a common intermediate, 2-oxobutanoate, but vary in how the 2-oxobutanoate is formed. Pathway IV is included because propanoate is a common fermentative end product and need not be a nutrient requirement, but it is not always clear if it could be the main pathway to isoleucine. Pathway III (link), via glutamate mutase, is not included because the first step (glutamate mutase, EC 5.4.99.1) has not been linked to sequence and because no organism has been demonstrated to rely on this pathway to form oxobutanoate. Pathway V, from 2-methylbutanoate (link), is not included.

13 steps (11 with candidates)

Or see definitions of steps

Step Description Best candidate 2nd candidate
ilvA threonine deaminase RR42_RS02315 RR42_RS33880
ilvI acetohydroxybutanoate synthase regulatory subunit RR42_RS05440
ilvH acetohydroxybutanoate synthase catalytic subunit RR42_RS05435 RR42_RS36655
ilvC 2-hydroxy-3-ketol-acid reductoisomerase RR42_RS05445
ilvD (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate dehydratase RR42_RS16210 RR42_RS33950
ilvE isoleucine transaminase RR42_RS25890 RR42_RS14595
Alternative steps:
cimA (R)-citramalate synthase RR42_RS05465
leuB 3-methylmalate dehydrogenase RR42_RS02600 RR42_RS14385
leuC citramalate isomerase large subunit RR42_RS14400 RR42_RS24175
leuD citramalate isomerase small subunit RR42_RS24180 RR42_RS14390
ofoa 2-oxobutanoate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, alpha subunit
ofob 2-oxobutanoate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, beta subunit
prpE propionyl-CoA synthetase RR42_RS13880 RR42_RS13560

Confidence: high confidence medium confidence low confidence
? – known gap: despite the lack of a good candidate for this step, this organism (or a related organism) performs the pathway

This GapMind analysis is from Aug 03 2021. The underlying query database was built on Aug 03 2021.

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About GapMind

Each pathway is defined by a set of rules based on individual steps or genes. Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam). Ublast hits may be split across two different proteins.

A candidate for a step is "high confidence" if either:

where "other" refers to the best ublast hit to a sequence that is not annotated as performing this step (and is not "ignored").

Otherwise, a candidate is "medium confidence" if either:

Other blast hits with at least 50% coverage are "low confidence."

Steps with no high- or medium-confidence candidates may be considered "gaps." For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. Gaps may be due to:

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. In most cases, you can search the six-frame translation by clicking on links to Curated BLAST for each step definition (in the per-step page).

For more information, see:

If you notice any errors or omissions in the step descriptions, or any questionable results, please let us know

by Morgan Price, Arkin group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory